BIOGAS DEVELOPMENT IN SWEDEN AND DENMARK: INTEGRATION PF PUBLIC PRIVATE AND ACADEMIC POLICIES. Irini Angelidaki

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1 BIOGAS DEVELOPMENT IN SWEDEN AND DENMARK: INTEGRATION PF PUBLIC PRIVATE AND ACADEMIC POLICIES Irini Angelidaki Department of DTU

2 Talk lay-out Introduction Denmark Energy policy in Denmark A typical Centralized Biogas Plant in Denmark Auto gas in Sweden

3 Where do I come from? (DTU) And

4 Northern Europe Greenland Denmark Iceland

5 DTU DTU is in Denmark

6 The Technical University of Denmark Founded in 1829 by the Danish physicist Hans Christian Ørsted (discovered elctro-magnetism) The largest technical university in Northern Europe students 2000 Ph.D. students 1000 Faculty 3000 researchers 15 departments

7 Department of Environmental Engineering

8 EU Renewable Energy policy European leaders agreed in March 2007 to have 20% of their overall energy needs covered by renewables such as biomass, hydro, wind and solar by 2020 If other countries will follow, the target will be increased to 30%

9 Energy sources in DK - SE DK: Coal, oil, natural gas, renewable energy (16%) : Wood, straw, waste Wind SE: Nuclear, oil, natural gas, renewable energy (26%) : Wood Waterfalls

10 Denmark s energy consumption

11 Energy from renewables in Denmark PJ '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 WVind Halm Straw TWood ræ Biogas Affald Waste Andet Other

12 Strategy for energy from biogas Complete utilisation of the biogas potential

13 Conclusions Advantages with Biogas Technology Environmental protection Effective and cheap climate instrument Protects drinking water and water enviroment Odours reduction in local areas Contributes to energy supply safety Local occupation and technology export Contributes to sustainable agriculture

14 Biogas plants in Denmark

15 Animals Food industry Households HHW Sewage systems

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17 Co-digestion Cheaper than separate treatment systems Existing plants can be used Technical advantages: i.e. solid waste can be diluted in liquid waste Larger plants offer the possibility for organized distribution of the treated matter as fertilizer on the fields Waste management Require capital and organization to establish large Centralized Biogas Plants

18 Ribe biogas plant

19 Lemvig biogas plant

20 Biomass truck Thorsoe, 20 m 3, 32 ton gross weight

21 Receiving hall in Lemvig biogas plant

22 Thorsoe biogas plant

23 Heat exchangers in Ribe biogas plant

24 Schematic diagram of system for biological H 2 S oxidation Oxygen guard PROCESS : (1) 2H 2 S + O 2 -> 2H 2 O + 2S (2) 2H 2 S + 3O 2 -> 2H 2 SO 3 Cleaned biogas < 200 ppm H 2 S F Flowmeter Raw biogas incl. H 2 S Reactor filling 2-5 % Air dosing pump Screened digestate Excess sump liquid Sludge Shower pump

25 Unit for biological H 2 S reduction Thorsoe Biogas Plant

26 Biogas storage Lemvig, 5000 m 3, 10 mbar-g

27 Sanitation of manure and organic waste in a biogas plants: Pathogenic reduction by thermal treatment Pathogenic reduction by anaerobic treatment Present rules

28 Process and Sanitation concepts 1) Thermophilic process with integrated sanitation 55 o C External heat HE HE Heat 2) Mesophilic process with thermophilic post-sanitation 37 o C External heat HE 55 o C HE Heat

29 Biogas in the trasportation sector: A success story from Sweden

30 Natural gas net in South Sweden

31 Autogas in Sweden Volume in Km3 Years

32 Public stations for natural gas and biogas

33 Biogas as vehicle fuel Upgrading Compression Storage Refueling Dispenser

34 The Vision Produktion af biogas where the biomass resouces are found (rural areas), upgrading and utilisation where the need is highst (cities) Natural gas net is doing it possible Biogas Upgrading Naturgas

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37 Conclusions Biogas is one of the most promising and sustainable energy sources as seen from Denmark and Sweden. Many initiatives are taken: DK: More focus in: utilisation of biogas in CPH SE: More focus in: utilisation of biogas in transport