Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Sustainable Construction Strategies for Airports

Transcription

1 Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Sustainable Construction Strategies for Airports October 10, 2012 December 5, 2011

2 Fall 2012 ACRP Webinar Series Oct. 10 Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Sustainable Construction Strategies for Airports Nov. 14 (Noon 1:30 pm Eastern) Airport Governance and Ownership Dec. 6 Airport Terminal Planning and Design: A Focus on Wayfinding and Roadways

3 Today s Speakers Moderated by Janell Barrilleaux, Environmental Program Manager, FAA 1) Overview of ACRP Report 56: Handbook for Considering Practical Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Strategies for Airports Kristin Lemaster of CDMSmith 2) Overview of ACRP Report 42: Sustainable Airport Construction Practices Gene Peters of Ricondo & Associates 3) Overview of ACRP Report 57: The Carbon Market: A Primer for Airports Greg Bertelsen of Pace Global

4 What is the Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP)? Industry-driven, applied research program that develops near-term, practical solutions to problems airport operators face Began in 2006, authorized by Congress Managed by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) of the National Academies Sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration Research is conducted by you individuals and firms selected on the basis of competitive proposals

5 Ways to Get Involved in ACRP Submit a research idea, also called a Problem Statement Prepare a proposal to conduct research Volunteer to participate on a project panel; Travel expenses are reimbursed Apply to be an ACRP Ambassador or member of the ACRP Speakers Bureau Use our research results

6 For More Information Regular news and updates on: o Upcoming and ongoing research projects o New publications o Success stories o Announcements Find ACRP on Facebook and LinkedIn

7 ACRP Report 56: Handbook for Considering Practical Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Strategies Kristin M. Lemaster, PE, LEED AP BD+C CDM Smith In Partnership with Synergy Consultants

8 Kristin M. Lemaster, PE, LEED AP BD+C Principal Investigator Principal at CDM Smith Aviation Sustainability Subcommittee Chair (AV030) Principal Investigator for Report 56 and ACRP (Enhancing the Airport-Industry's SAGA Website) Work focuses on sustainability planning, GHG management and climate change adaptation planning

9 Presentation Overview Key Findings Objective Results Conclusions Research results can be immediately used to reduce GHG emissions

10 Key Findings Various opportunities for all airports Important to understand GHG Accounting Strategies for programs, projects, facilities, all departments 125 strategies, technical data, evaluation tool

11 ACRP 02-10: Objectives List of practical strategies Technical information for each strategy Evaluation process that accounts for customized airport characteristics

12 ACRP 02-10: Products Handbook Interactive Tool 1. Background & awareness training 2. Fact sheets 1. Browse, filter, search 2. Enter airport-specific information 3. Connect to inventory

13 Research Results 125 Reduction Strategies Airfield Design/Operations 18 GSE 1 Business Planning 11 Materials & Embedded Energy 4 Carbon Sequestration 4 Operations & Maintenance 3 Construction 5 Performance Management 5 Energy Management 39 Refrigerants 4 Ground Transportation 17 Renewable Energy 14

14 Airfield Design and Operations Site design Infrastructure Policy Support Source: CDM Smith

15 Business Planning Decision-making Policies Carbon offsets Source: office.microsoft.com Source: office.microsoft.com

16 Carbon Sequestration Urban forestry Emission control technology Land use planning Source: office.microsoft.com

17 Construction Materials Idling & vehicle miles traveled (VMT) Policies & plans Source: office.microsoft.com Source: office.microsoft.com

18 Energy Management Energy efficiency/demand reduction Energy production Energy purchasing Source: office.microsoft.com Source: office.microsoft.com

19 Ground Transportation and GSE Reduce VMTs Idling Alternative fuels Photo Credit: Los Angeles World Airports

20 Materials and Embedded Energy Waste reduction Recycling Green procurement Source: office.microsoft.com

21 Operations and Maintenance Manuals & plans Computerized maintenance management Source: office.microsoft.com Source: office.microsoft.com

22 Performance Measurement Inventories Audits Sub-metering Tracking Source: Adapted from ACRP Report 11

23 Renewable Energy (on-site) Solar Wind Geothermal Waste-to-energy Biomass Tidal Source: Denver International Airport Sewer Heat Recovery Hydrogen

24 Refrigerants Alternative refrigerants Leak detection Leak reduction Source: CDM Smith

25 Evaluation Criteria Financial Capital Cost Annual O&M Costs Payback Period Implementation Timeframe Airport Control Maturity Impacts GHG Reduction Scopes 1 & 2 GHG Reduction Scope 3 Natural Resources Built Environment Regulatory Compliance

26 Evaluation Criteria: Example Capital Costs Ratings Icon < $10,000 $ $10,000 - $100,000 $$ $100,001 - $1,000,000 $$$ > $1,000,000 $$$$

27 Fact Sheets Strategy description: high level of detail Evaluation criteria results

28 Fact Sheets Icon explanations Financial Implementation Impacts

29 Fact Sheets Potential limitations Effected GHG sources Favorable geographies and sizes Recommended stakeholder engagement Space requirements Functional area

30 Fact Sheets Funding resources Case studies Related strategies Key references and online resources

31 Decision-Support Tool AirportGEAR (Airport GHG Emission Assessment and Reduction) o Assists airport operators in selecting GHG reduction strategies most appropriate for individual airport o Desktop Application - Runs from individual computers

32 AirportGEAR Functionality

33 AirportGEAR Functionality Explore background information and reduction strategies GETTING STARTED EXPLORE Customize & prioritize using airport-specific information AIRPORT INFO PRIORITIZE Calculate emission reductions & connect to inventory INVENTORY & REDUCTIONS Capture planning decisions in a written plan PLAN

34 Outcome: Written Plans

35 Outcome: Written Plans

36 Conclusions Various opportunities for all airports Important to understand GHG Accounting Strategies for programs, projects, facilities, all departments 125 strategies, technical data, evaluation tool

37 Acknowledgements Dr. Patti Clark CH2MHill (Chair) Project Karen Hancock Panel - City of Aurora Diane Heinze - Port of Oakland Mary Vigilante (Synergy) Sia Liaisons Schatz (TRB Project Manager) Joseph Brown Snell (TRB) Michael Kenney - KB Environmental Services Meenakshi Singh Columbus Airport Authority Jim Scott Stanislaski - Gensler Nathan Brown and Julie Barrow - FAA Edward Laughlin - US GAO Jessica Steinhilber - ACI-NA Kevin Welsh - ATA Christine Gerencher - TRB

38 For additional information: ACRP Report 56: A Handbook for Considering Practical GHG Reduction Strategies aspx Kristin Lemaster o lemasterkm@cdmsmith.com

39 Implementing the Findings of ACRP Report 42 Sustainable Airport Construction Practices Gene Peters Ricondo & Associates, Inc. October 10, 2012

40 Presentation Agenda Project Summary Research Team ACRP Staff & Panel Members Defining Sustainability for this Project Data Collection Sources Surveys Interviews Findings The Collection Sample Practices Case Studies 2

41 Project Summary Users Stakeholders involved in the planning, design, and/or construction of airport projects Purpose Provide a resource that enables a user to identify potential sustainable airport construction practices for consideration Findings Database (Collection) of 480 sustainable airport construction practices, methods, procedures, and technologies along with eight case studies: Warm-Mix Asphalt Pavement Management Material Reuse Anti-Idling Campaign LEED Awareness Materials Management Program Pavement Resurfacing Use of Solar Cells 3

42 Research Team Ricondo & Associates, Inc. Full service aviation consulting firm Center for Transportation and the Environment (Nonprofit) Facilitates research, development, demonstration, commercialization, and market acceptance of advanced transportation technologies and alternative fuels Ardmore Associates, LLC Engineering consulting firm specializing in complex infrastructure, transportation and major building projects 4

43 Project Staff & Panel ACRP Staff Michael R. Salamone, ACRP Manager Marci A. Greenberger, Senior Program Officer ACRP Project Panel Shawn Schroeder, Springfield-Branson National Airport, Springfield, MO (Chair) Janell Barrilleaux, Denver International Airport, Denver, CO Michael Clow, City of Tallahassee/Tallahassee Regional Airport, Tallahassee, FL Kristin Lemaster, CDM, Cambridge, MA Peter Matson, Gilbane Co., Boston, MA Danny Perkins, ESC Polytech Consultants, Inc., Houston, TX Joshua Polston, Oakland International Airport, Port of Oakland, Oakland, CA M. Ashraf Jan, FAA Liaison Frank Lanzetta, FAA Liaison Jessica Steinhilber, Airports Council International-North America Christine Gerencher, TRB Liaison 5

44 Defining Sustainability for this Project Focus on practices that occur during the construction phase Include practices that may result from decisions made during the planning or design phases of a project A sustainable airport construction practice achieves at least one of the following sustainability criteria: Reduces energy consumption during the construction phase Reduces impacts to water and air quality, minimize waste, reduce pollution, and/or minimize other environmental impacts during construction Improves construction operations Improves construction safety Reduce construction impacts on airport operations Benefits surrounding communities, or Reduces costs associated with construction 6

45 7 Data Collection: Airport Sustainability Guidelines Los Angeles World Airports Massachusetts Port Authority Chicago Department of Aviation Columbus Regional Airport Authority Port Authority of New York & New Jersey

46 Data Collection The Collection was developed by reviewing: Sustainability Guidance Materials Information from Research Institutions Industry Publications Airport Sustainability Reports, Summaries, and Initiatives Construction Documents (Airports and Non-Airports) 8

47 Data Collection The Collection was enhanced, revised, and evaluated by consulting Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), including: ACRP Panel Research Team National and International Airports Educational Institutions and Research Laboratories Industry Publications Construction Documents Government Agencies and Trade Organizations Planning and Design, Construction, and Supply Companies Diesel Oxidation Catalyst 9

48 10 Online Screening Survey & Interviews 47 Interviews Conducted 9% 2% 2% 9% 40% 13% % 17% 6% 7 Domestic Airports International Airports Governmental Agencies Construction Planning and Design Research Supply Chain: Equipment Supply Chain: Materials Trade Organizations Small Airports Medium Airports Large Airports Airport Authorities (Small - Large Airports)

49 Final Documentation Final Report Executive Summary Background Research Approach Findings and Applications Conclusions, Recommendations and Suggested Research Final Collection User s Guide Description of Collection How-to-use Searchable Criteria 11

50 Findings Report 42 with CD of the Collection of practices published January Lessons Learned: Construction industry continually evolving New technologies/equipment, changing markets Must be willing to look outside of the airport industry for innovative practices & advice Need for continuous research & updates Consider lifecycle costs/benefits Transparency across airports Caterpillar Hybrid-Electric D7E Bulldozer 12

51 The Collection Searchable Excel Database of Sustainable Airport Construction Practices (the Collection)

52 How to Use Collection Provides a resource to quickly identify potential practices for consideration Enables searches to identify potential practices for implementation Search Collection based on applicable criteria or interest Multiple methods to filter and sort Collection Examine potential applicability Identify factors for consideration Consider based on airport s policies, requirements, conditions, and constraints Develop list of practices for implementation Identify locations/sources to conduct additional research Use collected data to initiate focused effort 14

53 15 Organization of the Collection Two different organizations (Excel tabs) of the Collection to improve usefulness

54 Research Team Considerations Discusses economic, environmental, operational, and social considerations for each of the 480 sustainable practices 1,920 total evaluations

55 17 Research Team Considerations Example 110 Use "just in time" delivery of construction materials to reduce staging requirements and to prevent finish materials from becoming outdated. "Just in time" deliveries help eliminate excess call offs. Planning and coordinating the materials ordering processes on site prevents cumulative over-ordering. Economic Considerations May avoid damage that comes from storage or moving of materials. Saves costs associated with the reordering of supplies. Can reduce material costs by ordering only what is needed but may also increase transportation costs if supplies are not ordered in bulk; the personnel in charge of ordering construction materials should identify which materials make the most economic sense to be ordered in bulk and which should be ordered "just in time." Environmental Considerations Can increase transportation related emissions if supplies are not ordered in bulk (e.g. several trips). Reduces the environmental impacts of having to produce and haul re-ordered materials. Operational Considerations Consider potential weather restraints (e.g., snow) or terrain hazards and the delays they may cause. May also reduce the size of the staging area and minimize impacts on airport activities and landside passenger traffic. Social Considerations May add to local community traffic levels if this practice increases the number of deliveries made on a project level.

56 18 Sample Sustainable Practices in the Collection Use warm-mix asphalt to reduce energy needs during construction. Source: Massachusetts Port Authority, Boston-Logan International Airport; GreenAirOnline.com

57 19 Sample Sustainable Practices in the Collection Install slurry walls and/or bedrock grouting to prevent commingling of aquifers. These practices reduce the amount of ground water penetrating detention basins, which would require additional energy to pump. Source: Chicago Department of Aviation, O Hare International Airport; Environmental Barrier Company, LLC, Geo-Con

58 20 Sample Sustainable Practices in the Collection Steel Mesh Carbon Fiber Rebar Use carbon fiber reinforcement instead of rebar or steel mesh (these products corrode and are one of the weakest parts of a concrete structure). Source: Interview with the High Concrete Group

59 21 Sample Sustainable Practices in the Collection Work with local radio affiliates to include construction updates during morning and afternoon traffic alerts. Announce construction traffic reports on local AM radio stations. Source: Chicago Department of Aviation, O Hare Modernization Program

60 22 Sample Sustainable Practices in the Collection Place air fresheners in construction vehicles promoting an engines-off campaign. The air fresheners could be mounted after performing routine maintenance. Source: Interview with Denver International Airport

61 23 Sample Sustainable Practices in the Collection Partner with universities and research centers to evaluate, demonstrate, and potentially market new sustainable airport construction practices. Sources: San Francisco International Airport 2007 Environmental Sustainability Report; Inhabitat; Gensler

62 24 Sample Sustainable Practices in the Collection Develop a Tier compliant and retrofit program for construction vehicles (e.g., retrofit all pre-tier, Tier 1 and Tier 2 equipment). Source: Los Angeles World Airports(LAWA), Planning, Design, and Construction Guidelines, 2009

63 25 Sample Sustainable Practices in the Collection Install permeable pavement (pavers or pervious concrete) for roadways, shoulders, non-traffic pavements, maintenance roads, utility yards, and airside and landside parking facilities, where possible. Sources: Interview with City of Phoenix Aviation Department; Asphalt Pavement Alliance

64 Case Studies Warm-Mix Asphalt Elmira Corning Regional Airport Calgary Airport Authority National Asphalt Pavement Association Pavement Management Texas Transportation Institute Material Reuse Dallas Love Field Anti-Idling Campaign Denver International Airport LEED Awareness Honolulu International Airport Materials Management Program Port of Oakland Pavement Resurfacing Metropolitan Airports Commission/Minneapolis Saint Paul International Airport Use of Solar Cells Tallahassee Regional Airport 26

65 Sample Case Study: LEED Awareness (1 of 2) In 2006, the State of Hawaii began requiring all developers to participate in LEED Applied LEED to airport construction, including modernization of Honolulu International Airport As a new program, the State of Hawaii, DOT, Airports Division faced challenges implementing LEED with the modernization Contractors were unfamiliar with LEED guidelines To educate contractors, posters were displayed at airport construction sites describing LEED requirements and processes 27

66 Sample Case Study: LEED Awareness (2 of 2) A Green Building Services consultant facilitated LEED procedures and requirements The Airports Division required regular meetings between the project team and the sustainability liaison Airport staff provided contractors with fact sheets on regional materials and recycled content materials Airports Division passed out informational brochures to the community about upcoming LEED projects Photo: HOK 28

67 THANK YOU Gene Peters Ricondo & Associates, Inc. (773) For a copy of Report 42 and the Collection, please visit: 29

68 Primer on Carbon Credits and Revenue Opportunities for Airports (ACRP A11-02 Task 18) Gregory Bertelsen, Pace Global, a Siemens Business

69 Greg Bertelsen, Pace Global, a Siemens Business Manager, Pace Global, a Siemens Business Attorney Washington College of Law, American University

70 Agenda Primer Overview and Acknowledgements Offset Credit Opportunities at Airports Overview of Offsets Credits and Projects Carbon Policy and Markets Other Environmental Market Credit Opportunities Conclusions

71 ACRP Project 11-02/Task 18 Primer on Carbon Credits and Revenue Opportunities for Airports Key Contributors Melissa Ritter, Principal Investigator (Pace Global, a Siemens Business) Greg Bertelsen (Pace Global, a Siemens Business) Zoe Haseman (Leigh Fisher) ACRP Program Officer Joseph Navarrete (ACRP) The Panel Stephen Gordon (Oakland International) Rusty Hodapp (Dallas/Fort Worth International) John Putnam (Kaplan, Kirsch, and Rockwell) Meenakshi Singh (Cleveland Airport System) Mary Vigilante (Synergy Consultants, Inc.) Additional Support Tom Cuddy (Federal Aviation)

72 Research Objective The Airport Carbon Primer provides an overview of the key components of carbon markets and areas where airports may be able to participate. This document will help sort through some of the more complicated issues related to carbon markets, credits, and trading as they relate to airports.

73 Are Airports Ideal Candidates to Host Carbon Offset Projects? Advantages Lots of land/space Use a lot of energy Commitment to good environmental stewardship Disadvantages FAA and other safety restrictions Revenue restrictions

74 Key Findings Currently, there is limited opportunity for carbon offset projects Limited project types are suitable for airports Little value for offset credits Policies create opportunity Regulatory mandates create demand (and value) for credits Market evolution means new project types will be developed with new policies Other environmental markets present opportunities

75 Current State of Carbon Offset Project Activity at U.S. Airports Limited engagement by U.S. Airports No carbon offset projects are generating revenue Energy projects generating renewable energy credits (RECs) are increasingly prevalent Reforestation offset project at Montreal-Mirabel International Airport Voluntary reduction projects no credit or revenue generation

76 What Is an Offset? Offset credit: A tradable credit representing a carbon dioxide or greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction that compensates for or offsets an emission made elsewhere Key Elements: Real Permanent Additional Verifiable Enforceable Activity by one entity that reduces GHGs could be credited to another via an offset transaction But will it be recognized? E.g., an airport installs more efficient light bulbs > reduces electricity use > reduces GHG emissions Many GHG reducing activities are not recognized by offset standards bodies. Thus, there is little demand for offsets from those projects E.g., airport installs more efficient light bulbs Efficiency projects often fail the additional test

77 Case Study - Carbon Offset Credits Project: Reforestation 96,000 tree saplings over 79 acres Away from airfield, along access roads 12,500 tonnes CO 2 over 50 years Offsets Host: Montreal-Mirabel International Airport No investment costs No revenue from offsets No carbon reduction for accounting purposes Good environmental stewardship Developer: CO2 Environment Sponsors and develops project Receives salable offset credits Sells offset credits to third party Offsets Offset Purchaser: Third-party GHG emitter Purchases offsets from developer Retires credits, claim CO 2 reductions

78 Value of Offset Credits in a Compliance Market Offsets have little value in the voluntary market Real value is in compliance markets California is the only valuable compliance market in the U.S. Compliance-eligible offset allowances trade at ~$10/tonne Important point: If you host a project, but sell the offset credits, you cannot claim the GHG reductions $/tonne $50 $40 $30 $20 $10 $0 $500,000 $400,000 $300,000 $200,000 $100,000 $0 Projected Offset Price Voluntary Compliance Total Value of Project Voluntary Source: Pace Global High Offset Price Projection for AB32 Compliance

79 State of Carbon Policy in the U.S. No federal cap-and-trade exists at this time Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations pertain to permitting and reporting, not reduction requirements Two regional cap-and-trade programs exist Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) has been operational since 2009 California s AB32 will become operational in 2013 RGGI Participant AB32

80 Other Environmental Markets: RECS RECs: environmental attributes of renewable generation, unbundled from energy Markets Regulated under state renewable mandates Voluntary under Green-e Value Varies by market, technology, policy Driven by supply and demand U.S. airports have engaged in these markets

81 Case Study - Renewable Energy Credits Project: Solar PV 744 kw ground mounted system 2/3rds of terminals annual energy 50% RECs 50% RECs Host: Meadows Field Airport, Bakersfield, CA Purchases power under a 20-year contract (PPA) Retained half of the RECs Can sell RECs for revenue or retire and claim environmental attributes Developer: Regenesis Solar Power Develops project, owns systems Receives fixed revenue from 20-year power contract Sells share of RECs to third party RECs Third Party: Utility Can purchase RECs to count for renewable portfolio requirement

82 How Renewable Projects Get Financing Cost of renewable energy purchased through contracts generally carries a premium over utility rates Some renewable technologies can compete with fossil energy depending on technology, location, and size Most renewable energy developers still depend on a variety of incentives Tax credits Depreciation benefits RECs (retaining REC ownership will drive a higher contracted renewable energy cost) $0.30 The Cost of Solar $/kwh $0.25 $0.20 $0.15 Airport pays for energy. $0.10 $0.05 $0.00 Total Cost ITC Depreciation Benefits Note: Solar example representative only RECS Cost of Energy and value of RECs if claiming the attributes (zero carbon)

83 Key Takeaways While there is limited opportunity to host offset projects at airports at this time, markets and policies are evolving Airports are engaging in renewable energy credit markets When participating in these markets, airports need to weigh the value of revenue from selling credits against the right to claim the carbon reductions

84 For additional information: ACRP Report 57: The Carbon Market: A Primer for Airports Greg Bertelsen o Greg.Bertelsen@paceglobal.com o