Highview Enterprises Limited, Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES)

Transcription

1 Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES)

2 Liquid Air Energy Storage Process 1. Charge 2. Store 3. Discharge 1. Charge: Offpeak or excess electricity is used to power an air liquefier, which produces liquid air. 2. Store: The liquid air is stored in a tank(s) at low pressure. 3. Discharge: To recover power the liquid air is pumped to high pressure, evaporated and heated. The high pressure gas drives a turbine to generate electricity.

3 Highview Power Storage - Commercialisation Research began at University of Leeds Installation of power recovery cycle in pilot plant Highview enters into a license agreement with General Electric. Highview and Advanced Emissions Solutions Inc. of Denver Colorado sign investment deal for North America. Future The new GigaPlant 1.2GWh/200MW. The power recovery cycle demonstrated in lab-scale tests Installation of complete pilot CryoEnergy Storage plant Highview signs cooperation agreements with the Messer group and Basil Read Energy of South Africa. Highview in collaboration with Viridor, awarded funding for a 5MW LAES demonstration project by the UK Government. Frost & Sullivan awards Highview with Global Large-Scale Energy Storage Technology Innovation Award

4 LAES: Technology Benefits Low up front costs: $ per kwh capital cost today, falling to $ per kwh in five years Low lifetime cost: Levelized costs of $ /MWh Long life: 30 year life (no electrochemical degradation) Suitable for large energy stores from about 15MWh to >1GWh Not restricted by geography Uses existing mature components (liquefier, liquid air storage, power turbine), with proven performance, cost, lifetime Integrates well with other industrial process plant (utilising waste heat/cold) to enhance performance No toxic materials 350kWh demonstration plant operational near Heathrow for several years System is ready for deployment at commercial scale (>5MW/15MWh) in industrial or utility applications 350kW/ 2.5MWh 20MW/ 80MWh 50MW/ 200MWh 500MW/ 2,000MWh

5 [$/kw] Pilot Pre-commercial Commercial Efficiency [%] Economics and Performance move with scale % % % % 30% 20% % Size [kw] 0% Cost [$/kw] AC/AC Round trip efficiency [%]

6 Indicative Layout for a 25MW/125MWh System 90m 30m

7 LAES Standard Configuration 17MW total 25MW Hot Thermal Store Power In Compression Refrigeration LAIR Storage Evaporation Expansion Power Out Cleaning High Grade Cold Store 60% AC/AC Air In CHARGE STORE DISCHARGE Air Out

8 System Characteristics Component Size Features Power Turbine 27MW nominal shaft 4 stage radial inlet, integrally geared Main generator 30MVA nominal Synchronous 4 pole water cooled Main air compressor 5.5MW Soft start Recycle air compressor 11.5MW Soft start Cryogenic pump 2MW Multi-stage centrifugal pump with variable speed drive Cryogenic Storage ~1,100 tons, equivalent to 125MWh Several low pressure tanks. Tank losses ~0.1% per day Start time ~5 mins Down to ~10 seconds in spin gen mode (higher parasitic loss) Connection voltage 132/33/11kV Ideally at BSP or GSP Round trip efficiency 60% AC to AC including all parasitics Lifetime ~30 years No depth of discharge or cycle restrictions

9 Preferred Network Location 25MW LAES 25MW LAES

10 Levelised Cost of Energy (50MW/250MWh) In order to provide a suitable comparison of LAES technology against other storage technologies, a Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE) methodology has been adopted ,0 Levelised Cost of Energy 50 MW/250MWh Systems 1 000,0 $/MWh Life 800,0 600,0 400,0 200,0 - CAES Cavern Based LAES LAES Mature Unit NaS Vanadium Redox Lead Acid Li-ion

11 Major Equipment Suppliers for LAES (1200MWh system shown) High grade cold storage 8 x 25MW turbines Evaporators 4 x 2,500 tpd liquefiers Cryo pumps 2 x 7,000 tonne liquid air tanks Heat storage

12 Solving a familiar problem with scale Why use large scale long duration storage? Storage generally helps manage system during high ramp rate Short duration leaves peak in place Long duration can cover peak (and substitute for thermal plant) Moving energy from potential over generation period provides additional benefits of lower CO2 and use of zero marginal cost power Ideal system solution is large (many GW) and deep (4 hours or more) Can be located at the right place on the network to address constraints LAES meets these requirements Graph courtesy of CAISO

13 LAES Pre-Commercial Demonstrator CAD of Highview s LAES Plant at Viridor s Landfill Gas Generation Site in Greater Manchester, UK. 1. Cryogenic/liquid nitrogen storage tanks 2. Cryogenic pump 3. Evaporator heat exchangers 4. Turbine/power recovery unit 5. Interstage heat exchangers 6. Thermal storage tanks 7. Landfill gas engines 8. Electrical switch gear

14 LAES Pre-Commercial Demonstrator Project specifics Stage 1 5MW LAES Commercial Demonstrator showing power recovery deployed and tested at pre-commercial scale due to be live in early 2016 and to be piloted for one year. System will comprise: Energy store ~150 tons of cryogenic storage capacity (around 3 hours) which will store liquid nitrogen at low pressure; and Power recovery 5MW of power turbine capacity, which will use waste heat from the landfill gas engines to enhance the liquid nitrogen to power conversion efficiency.

15 Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) For more information contact us at Highview Enterprises Limited, 2015