Workshop Grid plus Storage

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Magnus Waters
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1 ADELE-ING Workshop Grid plus Storage Dr-Ing. Pio Alessandro Lombardi Lehrstuhl Elektrische Netze und Erneuerbare Energie

2 1. Motivation German Energiewende 35% of electricity production by RES by 2030 high installed wind and PV capacity 51.8 GW PV & 45.8 GW Wind increasing of absolute forecasting errors increasing fluctuation of residual load GW increasing flexibility of generation capacity is necessary high potential for energy storage systems 2

3 2. ADELE-ING Project 2.1 Objectives and Project Consortium Objectives cost optimization by developing new CAES-System concepts (partially adiabatic with combustion and electrical auxiliary heating) developing down-scalable concepts use cases in the distribution grid 3

2. ADELE-ING Project 2.2 Basic System Layout P el P el air intake reduced interstage cooling 600 C T_storage=50 C p = 50.

4 2. ADELE-ING Project 2.2 Basic System Layout P el P el air intake reduced interstage cooling 600 C T_storage=50 C p = bar Characteristics turbine output: 260 MW compressor power: 200 MW storage capacity: 1-2 GWh ( 4-8 turbine full load hrs.) round trip efficiency: 70 % alternative: ADELE Small power output range: MW storage capacity: 4-8 turbine full load hrs.) daily storage system 4

temperature Different Thermal Storage System concepts Reduction of the needed

5 3. Actual Project Results 3.1 System Optimization Multistage Thermal Storage System Reduction of operation temperature Different Thermal Storage System concepts Reduction of the needed investment costs (as those of the pumped hydro plants ~1300 /kwel) techno-economic assessment, availability analysis, risk analysis 5

6 3. Actual Project Results 3.1 System Optimization: partially adiabatic configuration Partially adiabatic configuration Natural gas based added combustor and GT heat recovery system Use of the electricity surplus as added combustor Increase of the storage power and of the storage capacity 6

capacity (1-2 GWh) large (& constant) discharge heat

examples Design questions are covered inventory

thermomechanics, pressure vessel, material qualification

7 3. Actual Project Results 3.2 Heat Storage Technology Challenges large storage capacity (1-2 GWh) large (& constant) discharge heat rates 600 C, bar without existing industrial examples Design questions are covered inventory arrangement, thermal design, fluid-dynamics, thermomechanics, pressure vessel, material qualification cost reduction is the main target Current Activities developing down-scalable solutions integration of P2H-solutions 7

8 3. Actual Project Results 3.2 Heat Storage Technology Direct contact of storage materials & pressurised air Inventory Materials: Oxide ceramics, natural stornes TES Inner HT insulation Pressurised containment 8

Material qualification for low-cost inventory media in cyclic tests,

9 3. Actual Project Results 3.2 Heat Storage Technology Pilot-scale validation & material qualification Material qualification for low-cost inventory media in cyclic tests, lifetime assessment Experimental validation of inventory concepts in 5 tons scale Teststand: TM-Storage at DLR Stuttgart 9

gas-turbine derived radial HP compressors challenge: high temperature in

full-scale: axial turbines, HP based on steam, LP on gas turbine technology

10 3. Actual Project Results 3.3 Turbomachinery Compressor MW, kg/s axial LP compressor, gas-turbine derived radial HP compressors challenge: high temperature in last stages high temperature for the TES Turbine> MW, 180 kg/s full-scale: axial turbines, HP based on steam, LP on gas turbine technology from GE O&G small-scale: radial HP and LP axial turbine challenge: broad operation range, redesign and adapt from current products 11

flow rates larger well diameter frequent cycling comply with safety/durability requirements lower pressure spread

11 3. Actual Project Results 3.4 Cavern Air storage in caverns mature technology for natural gas technical challenges for air significant higher flow rates larger well diameter frequent cycling comply with safety/durability requirements lower pressure spread large volume increased corrosion risk advanced completion materials on-going investigations: re-use of existing caverns sites studies and simulation studies high potential for the ADELE technology 12

12 4. System Integration 4.1 The 110 kv Distribution Grid Characteristics - 58 nodes - 92 lines (1020 km) inhabitants - 5 EHV/HV substations until possible storage positions/caverns in both subgrids available AVACON Staßfurt substation storage positions Bernburg MITNETZ STROM area is characterized by a high amount of renewable energy sources multiple use cases for energy storage systems are given 13

13 4. System Integration 4.2 Use Cases congestion relief frequency control voltage control arbitrage peak-shaving 14

14 4. System Integration 4.3 Arbitrage Storage parameters turbine output: P T = 78 MW compressor output: P K = 64 MW capacity: 4 turbine full load hrs. total efficiency: η = 68 % Simulation Reults for full load cycles Revenue: 1.37 Mio. certain conditions did not allow a profitable use on the electricity market new use cases are necessary 15

15 4. System Integration 4.4 Congestion Relief reduced number of overloads by using ADELE optimal storage position reduced grid safety management actions and network expansion 16

reduced power demand high potential to reduce the achievement costs for

16 4. System Integration 4.5 Peak-Shaving / Behind-the-Meter Applications maximum power demand reduced power demand high potential to reduce the achievement costs for industrial customers and public utilities reducing the maximum power demand results in a simultaneous reduction of grid utilization 17

17 4. System Integration 4.6 Voltage Control improving the voltage stability by active and reactive power control issue: voltage control is a requirement for grid connection no remuneration 18

18 4. System Integration 4.7 Frequency Control Examples for start up characteristics ADELE storage provides high flexibility patricipation on the secondary reserve market is possible nowadays: use case with the highest possible proceeds 19

19 5. Ongoing Work General Framework: challenges and uncertain economic environment down-scaled ACAES: additional solutions distribution grid, industrial behind-the-meter (15 MW) low investment hurdle hybrid (partly adiabatic) schemes: natural gas co-fired ACAES (lower specific costs, higher power, more flexibility through limited NG firing) integration of power-to-heat from excess electricity (lower specific costs) gas-turbine integrated CAES (including upgrade solutions) 20

20 6. Conclusions Advantages of Adiabatic CAES: cost-effective electricity storage high round-trip efficiency (up to 70 %) high potential to increase the energy system s flexibility difficult economic environment new opportunities for market entry are essential remuneration of grid oriented ESS usage and providing additional flexibility will improve the application area 21

21 Thank you for your attention 22

22 Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit! Für Fragen steht Ihnen zur Verfügung: Lehrstuhl Elektrische Netze und Erneuerbare Energie

Energiewende in Saxony-Anhalt Solutions for a smart energy future

Institute of Electric Power Systems Energiewende in Saxony-Anhalt Solutions for a smart energy future Dr.-Ing. Martin Stötzer Chair Electric Power Networks and Renewable Energy Sources Director - Strategy