Belarus s experience of managing legacy sites

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1 Belarus s experience of managing legacy sites R. Astashka Department for nuclear and radiation safety Ministry for emergency situations Republic of Belarus INTERNATIONAL WORKING FORUM ON REGULATORY SUPERVISION OF LEGACY SITES October 2010

2 Legacy site. What does it mean? In Belarus Different sites contaminated in result of Chernobyl disaster Former military facilities

3 Relevant documents IAEA

4 Relevant documents IAEA

5 Legal Framework

6 The classical pyramid of normative documents Decree of President of the Republic of Belarus Law of the Republic of Belarus Regulation of the Government Ministerial regulations Technical regulations Norms and rules for ensuring nuclear and radiation safety Guidelines

7 Law of the Republic of Belarus On Legal Status of the Territories Suffered from Radioactive Contamination Due to the Accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (adopted in 1991) On radiation safety of public (adopted in 1998, amended 2008) On the Use of Atomic Energy (adopted in 2008)

8 Norms and rules for ensuring nuclear and radiation safety Radiation safety norms (NRB 2000). Ministry of Health, Republic of Belarus, Main sanitary rules for ensuring radiation safety (OSP-2002) Ministry of Health, Republic of Belarus, 2002.

9 Technical guidance

10 The Legal Basis of Radiation Safety Regulatory System for sanitary authorities Law On Hygiene and Epidemic Wellbeing of Public to make activities with radiation sources it s necessary to have permission of sanitary authorities There are the Basic Radiation Safety Standards (NRB-2000), the Basic Sanitary Requirements to assure radiation safety (OSP-2002), Sanitary Requirements for Radioactive Waste Management (SPORO-2005) for general radiation safety requirements

11 Sanitary Regulation on Decontamination Waste of Chernobyl Origin Management SPOOD-2004 Special category of radioactive waste includes the decontamination waste of Chernobyl origin. According to SPOOD-2004 the decontamination waste of Chernobyl origin are defined as substances formed as a result of work on elimination of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident with a view to bring the state of environment in industrial and civil facilities in the contaminated areas to an acceptable radioecological level.

13 Regulatory Body Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus 565 of November, On Some Measures of the construction of NPP establishes the regulatory body Department of Nuclear and Radiation Safety (included in Ministry for emergencies) The main tasks of Gosatomnadzor : the state nuclear and radiation safety supervision; the control for fulfillment of legislation on nuclear and radiation safety;

14 Gosatomnadzor Chairman Financial sector Division on development of regulatory documents Licensing and examination sector Radiation Safety Department Inspection Nuclear Safety Department Division on Radiation Safety Supervision Sector on Radiation Safety Regulation Division on Nuclear Safety Assessment Division on NPP Systems and Equipment safety

15 The problem is Two regulatory authority Gosatomnadzor and Sanitary service have not clearly divided functions. Somewhere these functions are overlapped. Is it problem? But it s better than to omit. Effective interaction is the goal!!!

16 Licensing Before 2011 Presidential Decree On Licensing of Certain Activities (2003) Regulation on licensing of activities for industrial safety (as amended by Government ) Licences are issued by the licensing service of Gospromnadzor [Department for Supervision of Industrial Safety of the Republic of Belarus] based on the documentation submitted and an expert assessment by the expert service of Gosatomnadzor. From 2011 Presidential Decree On Licensing of Certain Activities (2010) The order of licensing under construction

17 Licensing Licence holders: SEP Radon SEP Poles e Licence is not necessary Republican team for special functions under Ministry for emergencies

18 Licensing Potential problem Both Gosatomnadzor and Republican team for special function are under Ministry for emergencies

19 Chernobyl affected areas

20 Regulation of activities on areas contaminated in result of Chernobyl disaster Law of The Republic of Belarus On Legal Status of the Territories Suffered from Radioactive Contamination Due to the Accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (adopted in 1991) The State programme on mitigation Chernobyl NPP disaster consequences (now for the period )

21 The State programme on mitigation Chernobyl NPP disaster consequences Chapters 1. Decontamination of institution for children, hospitals 2. Decontamination of territories of settlements 3. Decontamination industrial objects (ventilation systems) 4. Burial of buildings in the exclusion zone 5. Operation of disposal sites

22 The State programme on mitigation Chernobyl NPP disaster consequences for the period Burial of buildings on the evacuated territories in rehabilited villages Completion of decontamination of ventilation systems in 2011

23 Organization of works Institutions are involved: Department for mitigation Chernobyl NPP disaster consequences SEP Radon SEP Poles e Local authorities Design institutes Research institute Sosny as TSO Sanitary-epidemiological service as regulator

24 Organization of works Stages radiation survey of contaminated sites in general definition of objects of interest preliminary radiation survey to confirm non compliance with criteria design stage including detail radiation investigation project implementation, sorting of waste acceptance of works by special commission disposal of waste

25 Decontamination waste of Chernobyl origin (Disposal facilities for decontamination waste) The waste originated from works on decontamination of the inhabited localities, facilities and installations in the area of radioactive contamination of Chernobyl NPP are stored in the disposal facilities for decontamination waste (DFDWs).

26 Decontamination waste of Chernobyl origin cont. Taking into account the formation history, control requirements and operation regulations, these facilities are subdivided into three categories: DFDWs-I are near-surface facilities with special engineering barriers intended for waste with the activity more than 96 кbq/kg of Cs-137. Currently there is only one disposal facility of such kind Khatki. It is situated in the South of Chernobyl zone several kilometres away from the border with Ukraine. It constitutes 9 trenches, equipped with concrete cells (3x3x3 m), where 3088 tons of radioactive meat with the total activity of 74,5*1010Bq (20,1488 Ci) were disposed in 1991.

27 Decontamination waste of Chernobyl origin cont. DFDWs-2 are near-surface disposals with clay bottoms, which were constructed in for waste, originated from decontamination of contaminated areas. The waste (predominately soil, construction wastes) are of low or very low level of activity (less than 96 kbq/kg according to Cs-137). There are 8 disposal facilities belonging to DFDW: 4 - in Mogilev Region, 3 - in Gomel Region, 1 - in Brest Region.

28 Decontamination waste of Chernobyl origin cont. DFDWs-3 are facilities formed as temporary units while mass decontamination of inhabited localities carried out by civil defence forces in Gomel Region ( ). The total number of DFDW-3 is 82. Almost all of them were created in extreme conditions and equipped spontaneously as a rule without projecting, in former pits, ravines, lowlands, sometimes in the specially dug trenches or on flat sites. Only three of them have base protection in the form of clay layer or plastic foil, 11 of them have test bore holes for control over contamination of ground water.

29 Disposal areas for decontamination waste of Chernobyl origin - cont

30 Disposal areas for decontamination waste of Chernobyl origin - cont

31 Facilities at sites of former dislocation of military units The known radioactive waste storage facilities at sites of former dislocation of Soviet Union military units are located in Gomel region (disposal facility Gomel-30 ) and in Minsk region (disposal facility Kolosovo ). There is not any documentation on the construction and the contents of these facilities. According to the results of preliminary examination, they represent concrete wells, loaded with sealed control, diagnostic or calibration radioactive sources (Cs-137, Sr-90, Co-60).

32 DF Gomel-30

34 Organization of works Parties are involved: Ministry for emergencies Gosatomnadzor Republican team for special functions Research institute Sosny as TSO Local authorities Sanitary-epidemiological service

35 Council of Ministers Governmental commission for emergencies situations National academy of sciences Research institute Sosny Ministry for Emergencies Ministry of health Gosatomnadzor Department for mitigation chernobyl consequencies Sanitaryepidemiological service Republican team for special functions

36 Disposal facility Kolosovo Within the framework of the technical project BYE/3/002 Minimization of the Radioecological Threat from the Disposal of Radioactive Waste at Former Soviet Union Military Sites sources from military radioactive waste repository Kolosovo have been extracted and relocated to Ekores facility.

37 General view of DF Kolosovo

38 Upper part of DF Kolosovo

43 Upper part of DF Gomel-30

44 Visit on site Gomel-30 (April 2010)

45 Planned activity Development of methodology Provision of the long-term safety of the facilities at sites of former dislocation of the Russian Federation military units; Perfection of the legislative basis

46 Enforcement Code of the Republic of Belarus on administrative offences Violation of the order of disposal of radioactive waste Violation of the requirements of the regime of radiation safety in the areas affected by radioactive contamination Violation of rules and norms of radiation safety

47 Articles of the Criminal code of the Republic of Belarus regulating responsibility for breaches in the field of radiation safety 268 Hiding or deliberate distortion of the information concerning with environmental contamination 278 Breach of safety rules while managing ecologically dangerous substances and waste 301 Breach of industrial and technical discipline rules or safety rules at the facilities concerned with the use of nuclear energy 322 Illicit acquisition, storage, sale or destruction of radioactive material 323 Theft of radioactive materials 324 Threat of the dangerous use of radioactive materials 325 Breach of rules of managing radioactive material 326 Breach of rules of radiation control

48 Enforcement It seems the legal base for enforcement exists There is no real practice of enforcement of offence

49 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Zoia Trafimchik Department for Nuclear and Radiation Safety of the Ministry for Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus

Zoia Trafimchik Department for Nuclear and Radiation Safety of the Ministry for Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus Ministry for Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus (MES) National