Environmental Radiation Monitoring in Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. Yuliya Balashevska Central analytical laboratory SSE Ecocentre Chernobyl, Ukraine

Transcription

1 Environmental Radiation Monitoring in Chernobyl Exclusion Zone Yuliya Balashevska Central analytical laboratory SSE Ecocentre Chernobyl, Ukraine

2 Three Questions We Must Answer Today to monitor?

3 26/ Chernobyl accident: Technogenic Humanitarian Environmental Consequences: Social Economic Political

4 WHAT TO MONITOR?

5 With courtesy of De CortIt et cannot al. (1998): "Atlas be reproduced of Caesiumor Deposition communicated on Europe after without the Chernobyl its prior Accident", permission. EUR report nr , EC, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg

6 Chernobyl Exclusion Zone today Brief facts about ChEZ Area: sq. km Uninhabited (population evacuated in 1986)? Has its own government (SAEZM) Largest radioactively dangerous object (NSC) All radioactive waste management infrastructure 6000 people personnel Chernobyl (town) as a place of temporary stay 6

7 Chernobyl Exclusion Zone today 7

8 Chernobyl Exclusion Zone today In all conditioned radioactive waste in Ukraine: 6000 Ki Leakage of Sr-90 from Fukushima LRW storage tank: 1300 Ki

9 The town of Chernobyl ヨモギ

10 Self-settlers (returnees) 1038 people returned to ChEZ (14 villages): Inability to accept new lifestyle; - Concerns about their property; - Lack of understanding of radioactivity and consequences of exposure to radiation; - Lack of regulation. Residence in ChEZ is considered illegal since 1991

11 Self-settlers (returnees)

12 Activities in ChEZ Radiation protection Radioactive waste management Decommissioning of ChNPP Water conservation activities Wildfire prevention Forestry activities Ensuring security 12

13 HOW TO MONITOR?

14 System establishing Radiation Environmental Monitoring = data collecting + data processing + data transfer + long-term storage and analysis of data + prognosing + making recommendations for managerial decision-making

15 System establishing Radiation environmental monitoring in ChEZ is: An important part of the National system of environmental monitoring; Obligatory under any circumstances; Based on prioritizing; Performed by an independent organization.

16 System establishing Development of scheduled monitoring system Operation of System upgrade monitoring system Evaluation of structure of radioactive contamination Evaluation of composition and scale of radioactive contamination 16

17 Monitoring Schedule A document which determines: The objects covered under REM; Places of sampling/field measurements; Scope and frequency of REM; Types of measurements/parameters; Sampling & measurement methodologies

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19 Monitoring structure and modes 19

20 Monitoring capacity Surface Water 645 samplings; 1630 measurements Groundwater 138 boreholes; 2 water supply points; 680 samplings, 1100 measurements. Soil 1096 samplings 2944 measurements

21 Monitoring capacity Air 9 stationary aspirating systems in the far field; 900 samplings, 1890 measurements per year 26 plates to collect the fallouts; 600 samplings, 1000 measurements per year Vegetation 213 samplings per year 394 measurements per year

22 Components of monitoring Ongoing measurements Sampling and field measurements Laboratory measurements Data analysis & reporting

23 Ongoing measurements Automated system for radiation control System for non-proliferation control 23

24 Monitoring stations Схема розміщення спостережних свердловин Cхема розміщення пунктів радіаційного контролю в районі ПЗРВ Буряківка Схема розміщення пунктів радіаційного контролю в районі ПЗРВ Підлісний 24

25 Automated system for radiation control and early warning Dibrova Radiation Checkpoint Real-time control room, Paryshiv Radiation Checkpoint 25

26 Sampling Air Sampling Groundwater level measurement Groundwater Sampling

27 Sample preparation* Object Before sample preparation After sample preparation GROUNDWATER VEGETATION WATER BIIOCENOSIS

28 Laboratory measurements

29 Data analysis Providing on-line information Modeling & prognosing Decision making Raising public awareness WISDOM Managerial decisions of SAEZM KNOWLEDGE Product of Ecocenter INFORMATION Product of Dept.of Info&Science DATA Product of Laboratory DEVELOPMENT OF NEW, PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE = WHY TO MONITOR

30 What kind of knowledge can be created?

31 1. Data for Radiation Mapping

32 Contamination of ChEZ by Cs

33 Contamination of ChEZ by Pu isotopes 33

34 Predicted contamination of ChEZ by Am-241 in

35 2. Assessment of RA contamination

36 Balance of radioactivity in various objects of ChEZ Object TOTAL Activity, n Bq 137 Cs 90 Sr TUE Territory of ChEZ Cooling pond RAW Disposal facility RAW Temporary storage facility TOTAL The Shelter

37 Contamination of products consumed by self-settlers (returnees) Product Permissible activity of radionuclides, Bq/kg Excess contamination (times) 137 Cs 90 Sr 137 Cs 90 Sr Potatoes Other vegetables Fruit Fish from river Pripyat Fresh mushrooms Bush meat

38 3. Risk Assessment and Safety Assurance

39 Risk assessment 39

40 Demarcation of the Ukraine-Belarus State border

41 Demarcation of the Ukraine-Belarus State border

42 4. Obtaining Information about Nuclear Incidents

43 05/01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /04/ /04/ /04/ /04/ /04/ /04/2011 Fukushima Accident in March, Объемная активность радионуклидов, Бк/м CS_134 CS_136 CS_137 TE_132 I_

44 Europe, October 2016 I-131 detected in the near-surface atmospheric layer. 25th October: Norwegian Institute for Energy Technology reported a small leakage of radioactivity from Halden Research Reactor

45 Conclusion ChEZ is an open area source of radiation with a specific distribution of radionuclides. Personnel working in ChEZ is exposed to a potential radiation risk. Environmental radiation monitoring is a complicated system involving considerable amount of resources. Environmental radiation monitoring is a vital part of radiation safety not only for EZ, but also for the whole country. Observing the trends is only one of the many tasks of the environmental radiation monitoring. 45

46 Thank you for your attention! Questions?