Energy Around the World

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1 What is electricity? Where does it come from? Who discovered it? When is it dangerous? You will find the answers to all of these questions and many more when you explore this section. Energy Around the World Did you know? In Brazil they grow a special type of sugar-cane (called energy-cane) that they use to produce ethanol. Ethanol is a kind of fuel that can be used in cars. Corn can also be used to create ethanol. Did you know? In 1859, Colonel Drake invented the first oil well in Titusville, Pennsylvania. Today, 40% of our energy comes from oil. Did you know? In 1998, 606 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas) were released into the United States just from producing electricity. If you're not sure how much that is, think of it this way, that's the same weight as 112 million elephants! Did you know? Because Iceland has the largest number of hot springs out of every country, it is the perfect place to use geothermal energy. In Iceland, 7% of the energy comes from geothermal sources, 93% comes from hydropower, and only 0.1% comes from oil. Did you know? If you traveled as fast as electricity, (about 300,000 kilometres per second - the speed of light), you could go around the world 8 times in the time it takes to turn on a light switch. Did you know? If you had a light bulb on the moon connected to a switch in your bedroom, it would take only 1.26 seconds for that bulb to light up, 384,403 kilometres (238,857 miles) away. What is electricity? Energy & Electricity Electricity is an essential part of our daily lives. We use electricity for almost everything we do, whether it's turning on the lights in our house, playing our favorite video game, or even blow drying our hair. Did you ever stop to think about where this electricity comes from? Electricity is a form of energy. Electricity begins with the smallest of all particles, the atom. Atoms, although too small for our eyes to see, are in everything. Atoms also contain protons and neutrons in their nucleus (the centre of the atom). Electrons are contained around the protons and neutrons, and move quickly around them. This quick movement is what makes the energy in electricity.

2 Other Types of Energy There are other types of energy as well: Mechanical Energy is the energy of motion that does the work. An example of mechanical energy is the wind as it turns a windmill. Heat energy is energy that is pushed into motion by using heat. An example is a fire in your fireplace. Chemical Energy is energy caused by chemical reactions. A good example of chemical energy is food when it is cooked. Electrical Energy is when electricity creates motion, light or heat. An example of electrical energy is the electric coils on your stove. Gravitational Energy is motion that is caused by gravity. An example of gravitational energy is water flowing down a waterfall. Électricité statique Comment cela marche-t-il? Toute la matière, tous les objets qui nous entourent, et même l'air que nous respirons sont faits d'atomes. Les atomes sont de minuscules particules invisibles à l'œil nu, qui possèdent un noyau et des électrons qui tournent autour du noyau. Le noyau possède de l'électricité dite positive, et les électrons possèdent de l'électricité dite négative. Les deux se complètent, on dit que l'atome est neutre, il ne porte pas d'électricité. Cependant, certains électrons sont libres, c'est-à-dire qu'ils peuvent se séparer de l'atome. C'est ce qui arrive quand on frotte une règle en plastique sur un vêtement en laine. Les électrons libres de la règle sont arrachés et vont rejoindre les atomes du vêtement en laine. Il n'y a plus autant d'électrons dans l'atome que de charges dans le noyau, l'atome n'est donc plus électriquement neutre, c'est pourquoi on peut ressentir une petite décharge électrique. Activity #1: Padlet/Wallwisher a. In your reading groups, post your ideas to the question posted to Padlet/Wallwisher. b. You may use this information to add to your written work. c. Be prepared to fully discuss your information and opinions.

3 ADVERTISING & Static Electricity Commercials To demonstrate your understanding and appreciation of static electricity you will use your knowledge to create a product, tool, toy, invention that uses the principal of static electricity. Once you have decided on a product, tool, toy, invention that uses the principal of static electricity you will then promote your invention by creating a commercial/infomercial (slap shop). FIRST we all need to learn about commercials and advertisement. Activity 2: 1. In your groups, you will go to a computer and visit the following web site: 2. In table 1: Be The ad detective write in the appropriate information from the slides you ll view from the above website 3. You ll also be shown a video clip: 4. In table 2: Wayne s World write in the appropriate information from the video clip you ve watched. Table 1: Be The ad detective Slide 1 Slide 2 Slide 3 Slide 4 Name of the Product Name of the Product Name of the Product Name of the Product Product Information Product Information Product Information Product Information

4 Table 2: Wayne s World 1 st Product 2 nd Product 3 rd Product 4 th Product Name of the Product Name of the Product Name of the Product Name of the Product Product Information Product Information Product Information Product Information Activity 3: Writing Gathering your Information Remember: A new electrical power plant will be installed in your new town As mayor of this town, you must write a letter to the Prime Minister of Canada to convince him/her which specific type of power plant would be best suited for the city of Halifax. 1. What choice have you made for your Power Plant? 2. What are some of the benefits/advantages of having chosen this type of Power Plant?

5 3. What are some of the drawbacks/disadvantage of having chosen this type of Power Plant? 4. What kind of fuel will be used in your Power plant? (Renewable/non-renewable and further description). 5. What would be the overall cost of your type of Power plant, along with the yearly cost of your fuel? 6. What are the effects on the environment? 7. What kind of accidents may occur in the usage of this type of power plant and fuel?

6 Activity 4: Organizational Chart Your Power Plant Benefit/Advantage #1 Benefit/Advantage #2 Downfall/disadvantage Evidence for #1 Evidence for #2 Solution and evidence for disadvantage Evidence for #1 Evidence for #2 Solution and evidence for disadvantage Evidence for #1 Evidence for #2 Solution and evidence for disadvantage

7 Writing your Rough Draft I. Benefit/Advantage #1 a. Start with your main idea for this paragraph. b. Write your related, relevant justification and evidence for your main idea (Benefit/Advantage #1) II. Benefit/Advantage #2 a. Start with your main idea for this paragraph. b. Write your related, relevant justification and evidence for your main idea (Benefit/Advantage #2) III. Downfall/Disadvantage & Solutions a. Start with your main idea for this paragraph. b. Write your related, relevant justification and solutions (Benefit/Advantage #2)

8 Introduction Electricity generated in a cheap and environmentally friendly way is a possibility. For the future of Halifax, I think geothermic energy ought to be our choice for a better tomorrow. Geothermic energy is the best choice for Halifax as it leaves very little environmental footprint and it is a very cheap way of producing electricity. Also, geothermic energy makes use of a renewable resource, which is also cheap and good for the environment. It is for these reasons I think geothermic energy is the best choice for the future of Halifax. Grabber sentence The thesis/subject/to pic Opinion. Main Ideas (3) Restate the topic Conclusion: No new information Repeat Main ideas without too much detail and using a different way of retelling them. It is to end your essay. It is a synopsis of the main points of your essay. Geothermic energy is the best idea and choice Haligonians can make for the future of the city of Halifax. Geothermic power plants do not release any carbon emissions or other such pollutants in our environment. The costs of producing electricity by this method are also considerably cheaper compared to the other types of power plants. Finally. Steam from ground water does not hurt our environment and is renewable. It is for these reasons that I think geothermic energy is the wave of our future in Halifax.