Advanced systems for the enhancement of the environmental performance of WINEries in Cyprus

Transcription

1 Final Conference 19/10/2012 Advanced systems for the enhancement of the environmental performance of WINEries in Cyprus Ioannou Lida Chemical Engineer University of Cyprus GAIA Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus - Copyright All rights reserved.

2 The environmental impact of winery waste and wastewater is noticeable, due to: the high organic load, the large volumes and the pronounced seasonal variability Solid waste: (grape marc, filter waste, wastewater sludge after drying) Greenhouse gas and alcohol emissions Odour Soil and surface contamination Can be treated as Animal feed or compost

3 Winery wastewater: (Vinasse period) Reduce presence of O 2 in watercourses Eutrophication of water sources (e.g. natural streams, rivers, dams and wetlands) Salinity

4 Water consumption: Water is used to Clean Sterilize winery equipment As coolant

5 Energy Consumption: Winemaking requires significant energy inputs for: grapes crushing, must pressing, juice filtering, cooling/heating of fermentation tanks, and wine bottling.

6 Air emissions: Grape juice fermentation produces: CO 2, amyl-alcohol, n-propanol, isobutanol and esters

7 Winery wastewater Biological treatments Physicochemical treatments Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Heterogeneous

8 Sequential Batch Reactor SBR MBR??? Source: Membrane Bioreactor Source:

9 UV Η 2 Ο 2 /UV Electrochemical oxidation O 3 /H 2 O 2 /UV O 3 /UV HO E 0 =2.80 V Ultrasound Wet air oxidation Fe 2+ /H 2 O 2 Fe 2+ /H 2 O 2 /UV TiO 2 /UV

10 Solar Fenton Bench scale Semi-pilot scale Industrial scale SBR treatment MBR treatment MBR treatment WWW before any biological treatment MBR treatment Heterogeneous

11 Solar Fenton Bench scale Semi-pilot scale Industrial scale SBR treatment MBR treatment MBR treatment WWW before any biological treatment MBR treatment Heterogeneous

12 Solar Fenton SBR and MBR effluent Addition of Iron solution Addition of H 2 O 2 Irradiation of the system (time zero)

13 October 2010 The COD level of the wastewater effluent before the biological treatment was mg/l O 2 which reduced to 267 mg/l O 2 after the SBR treatment. This is an approval for the reduction of the organic strength through the biological treatment.

14 1. Optimum concentrations of catalyst (Fe 2+ ) and oxidant (H 2 O 2 ) 2. Optimum ph ( ) 3. Optimum T ( o C) 4. %COD removal, %DOC removal 5. Total phenols and color removal Heterogeneous 1. Optimum concentrations of catalyst (Fe SBA-15 ) and oxidant (H 2 O 2 ) 2. Optimum ph (2.8-8) 3. Optimum T (23-40 o C) 4. %COD removal, %DOC removal 5. Total phenols removal

15 Optimum [Fe 2+ ] & [H 2 O 2 ] Catalyst: 5 mg/l Oxidant: 500 mg/l % COD removal 69 % Optimum ph Optimum T T % COD removal % Total phenols removal 71 % % DOC removal 48 % % Color removal 53 %

16 Heterogeneous

17 Solar Fenton Bench scale Semi-pilot scale Industrial scale SBR treatment MBR treatment MBR treatment WWW before any biological treatment MBR treatment Heterogeneous

18 Preliminary treatment (screening, equalization / balancing tank, ph adjustment) Biological Treatment (pre-aeration /nitrification, membrane reactor, storage / irrigation tank) Advanced Oxidation Process (compound parabolic collectors) Storage tank Biological treatment Preliminary treatment Balance tank Solar pilot plant

19 December 2011 Parameters WW after MBR ph 8.6 COD (mg/l) 56 BOD 5 (mg/l) <5 TSS (mg/l) 3 TN (mg/l) 5 TP (mg/l) 0.5 Fats and Oils (mg/l) 0.3 The COD level of the wastewater effluent before the biological treatment was 4950 mg/l O 2 which reduced to 56 mg/l O 2 after the MBR treatment. This is an approval for the reduction of the organic strength through the biological treatment.

20 Optimum [Fe 2+ ] & [H 2 O 2 ] Catalyst: 3 mg/l Oxidant: 250 mg/l % COD removal 70 % Optimum ph Optimum T T % COD removal % DOC removal 53 % % Color removal 75 %

21 Toxicity Daphnia magna Sinapis alba Phytotoxicity Lepidium sativum Sorghum saccharatum

22 D. magna species Standard deviation < 4% in all 100% SBR MBR 53% 45% 46.7% 0% Toxicity to D. magna reduced with treatment

23 Phytotoxicity Inhibition SBR effluent MBR effluent Seed germination 10-15% 0-6.7% Shoot 38-91% % Root 19-61% 12-45%

24 Solar Fenton Bench scale Semi-pilot scale Industrial scale SBR treatment MBR treatment MBR treatment WWW before any biological treatment MBR treatment Heterogeneous

25 Min operating volume: 60 L Irradiated volume: L Max volume: 100 L 35 o OPERATING SYSTEM reservoir tank centrifugal pump air diffuser reagents tanks flow meters piping and valves CPCs collectors control panel

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27 Semi-pilot scale Parameter MBR effluent ph (20 o C) Total Solids (mg L -1 ) Suspended Solids (mg L -1 ) 7-12 Total Nitrogen (mg L -1 ) COD (mg L -1 ) Soluble BOD 5 (mg L -1 ) <5 March - May 2012 Total Phosphorous (mg L -1 ) Fats and oils (mg L -1 ) 0.2

28 Photolysis 12 % Optimum [Fe 2+ ] & [H 2 O 2 ] Catalyst: 3 mg/l Oxidant: 500 mg/l % COD removal 85 % % DOC removal 68 % % Color removal 92% Toxicity Phyto-toxicity Decrease to zero (240 min) Decrease

29 Solar Fenton Bench scale Semi-pilot scale Industrial scale SBR treatment MBR treatment MBR treatment WWW before any biological treatment MBR treatment Heterogeneous

30 Irradiated volume: 85.4 L Compound parabolic collectors Feed pump Max volume: 250 L Air blower Tank OPERATING SYSTEM reservoir tank centrifugal pump air diffuser piping and valves CPCs collectors control panel

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32 Photolysis 4.8 % Optimum [Fe 2+ ] & [H 2 O 2 ] Catalyst: 3 mg/l Oxidant: 500 mg/l % COD removal 84 % % DOC removal 58 % % Color removal 82% Toxicity Phyto-toxicity Decrease to zero (180 min) Decrease

33 Production of large volumes of winery wastewater need treatment Biological treatment good solution for organic load removal of www Chemical oxidation - for complete mineralization Combined biological + AOPs, proved to be promising alternative Optimization of bench semi-pilot industrial scale

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35 Thank you for your attention