GRANULAR ACTIVATED SLUDGE

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Oscar Bryan
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1 CLARKE PRIZE CONFERENCE ON WATER SUSTAINABILITY GRANULAR ACTIVATED SLUDGE THE FUTURE OF BIOLOGICAL NUTRIENT REMOVAL JAMES BARNARD

2 CONTENTS Early observations of granular sludge Selection processes in activated sludge Development of process at Delft University Advantages of granular sludge Some information on applications Relevant observations Pilot work at Leawood KS

3 DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS The activated sludge process came about and improved over the years as a result of a selection of desirable organisms In 1914, Arden & Lockett retained bio-mass that will settle after aeration for subsequent treatment cycles, washing out those that that did not settle readily Using batch reactors they observed granular sludge formation 90 years later scientists discovered how to select for such granular forms by washing out all flocculent sludge 3

applications Disadvantages Low biomass concentration Large

4 CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT Advantages More than 100 years of experience High quality effluent Selection for many applications Disadvantages Low biomass concentration Large foot print Higher energy requirements Complex design and operation 4

OBSERVED IN CONTACT-STABILIZATION PLANT Observed in C-S bench-scale plant in 1972 fed with primary effluent Contact phase 15 minutes No sludge wasting, only waste

5 OBSERVED IN CONTACT-STABILIZATION PLANT Observed in C-S bench-scale plant in 1972 fed with primary effluent Contact phase 15 minutes No sludge wasting, only waste through overflow Mixed liquor concentration in Stab. Zone 22,000 mg/l Looked like very coarse sand MLSS reduced when hooked up to nitrification system Very high F/M ratio 5

6 VIEW OF DUBLIN RINGSEND SBR PLANT CONVERTED TO FEED DURING DECANT SVI dropped from 180 ml/g to 50 ml/g within days

7 SMALL PLANT IN WASHINGTON STATE WITH HIGH F/M USING SURFACE WASTING OF MIXED LIQUOR Anoxic Zone 7

8 ENLARGEMENT OF BIOSOLIDS Black & Veatch Granular sludge presentation 8

9 GRANULAR SLUDGE Methanogenic Gatze Lettinga Sulphate Reducing Anammox Aerobic With permission Prof. Mark van Loosdrecht

10 Aerobic Granular Sludge With permission Prof. Mark van Loosdrecht

11 Granule: Biofilm or Activated Sludge Microbiology: Biofilms Process Engineering: Activated Sludge With permission Prof. Mari Winkler,UW

12 OPERATION FOR GRANULAR ACTIVATED SLUDGE 12

13 FROM GRANULES TO PROCESS Screened granules Even flow distribution 13

14 GANSBAAI SOUTH AFRICA SVI< 40 ml/g MLSS 8 g/l SS effluent < 10 mg/l 14

15 CLOSE UP VIEW After 3 min settling 15

16 EPE - NETHERLANDS

17 COMPARATIVE SETTLING AFTER 10 MINUTES 17

18 EPE PLANT PERFORMANCE EFFLUENT GUARANTEE TEST 2012 Parameter (mg/l) Influent Effluent Efficiency (%) COD BOD 333 <2 >99 TKN TN TP TSS >98 Information supplied by DHVHaskoning 18

19 MUNICIPAL WWTP GARMERWOLDE Extension of A-B system (2005) Extremely sensitive project with many participants over the years Design called for alternatives to treat 40% of plant load Nereda was lowest of 20 tenders considered by the consultants Information supplied by DHV 19

20 NEREDA REFERENCES 1 mgd = 3785 m 3 /d Peak flow in 3 rd column 20

21 SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT

22 GRANULES IN GARMERWOLDE PLANT Photos by James L Barnard 22

23 PILOT WORK FOR FEASIBILITY STUDY Tomahawk Creek plant, Leawood KS needs upgrading to BNR Footprint important since in flood plant of Indian Creek High rate of peak to average flow required Considering GAS, MBR, BioMag and IFAS Pilot work for GAS ongoing working with Prof. Belinda Sturm 23

24 LABORATORY SCALE PILOT USED AT KANSAS PLANT Laboratory-scale units presently used at Lawrence and Leawood KS Granular sludge observed in Lawrence plant Very good settling in Leawood plant Used for proof of concept 24

25 GRANULE FORMATION AT TOMAHAWK CREEK PILOT 25

26 SUMMARY Granular activated sludge is the product of selecting for organisms that form granules which act like attached growth membranes Proven technology for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification and phosphorus removal Simple process to design and operate no moving parts in tanks Lower energy cost 60 to 70% of BNR Low footprint 40% of BNR Results so far shows a stable process but more information is needed for operation under adverse conditions

AquaNereda Aerobic Granular Sludge Technology

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