Disaster Reduction Programme in Myanmar

Transcription

1 Disaster Reduction Programme in Myanmar Dr. Toe Toe Win Associate Professor Civil Engineering Department Yangon Technological University Yangon Union of Myanmar

2 Myanmar Overview The Union of Myanmar is the largest country of South-East Asia located between N & N Latitude and E & E Longitude. It has been administratively divided into 7 Divisions and 7 states. The divisions and states have been divided into Districts which in turn have been divided into Townships.

3 Myanmar is regarded as an agriculture based country as it accounts for 40.2 percent of the GDP. It has a tropical climate with three seasons namely Rainy (mid-may to mid-october), Winter ( mid-october to mid- February ) and Summer ( mid-february to mid-may ). There is large variation in average precipitation as coastal areas receive average precipitation in the range of 4000 mm to 5600 mm while central dry zone receives precipitation in the range of 600mm to 1400mm.

4 Key Indicators of Myanmar Indicator Value 1 Total Area 676,578 kms 2 2 Coastline 2400kms 3 Number of Districts 67 4 Number of townships Estimated population( ) 56.52mn 6 Percentage of population in rural areas 70 7 Population Density( sq- kms ) 77

5 8 Percentage work force in agriculture 9 Gross Domestic Product ( at current producers price ) 10 Per capital GDP Product ( at current producers price ) ,286,765.4 mn Kyats 221,799 Kyats

6 Intended Purpose To save the lives of humanbeings, animals, properties etc. To share experiences from Japan and ASEAN countries To provide opportunities for young researchers to meet with their overseas peers and engage in intensive discussions. To wholesome development while building an infrastructure for peace within human society.

7 Some Workshops in Myanmar

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9 Relief and Resettlement Department Capacity Building Needs for the Personnel and Institutions

10 Cyclonic Storm NARGIS & Storm Surge Prediction Department of Meteorology and Hydrology MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT Myanmar

11 Global Telecommunication System(GTS) DEPARTMENT OF METEOROLOGY AND HYDROLOGY

12 Department of Meteorology and Hydrology Myanmar

13 Relief and Resettlement Department Early Rehabilitation from Cyclone Nargis

14 Impact of Cyclone Nargis Cyclone Nargis struck Myanmar on 2 nd and 3 rd May 2008 with wind speed of mph. Height of storm surge was feet. The most affected areas were 7 townships in Ayeyawaddy division and 40 townships in Yangon division.

15 Damage and Loss Death toll Missing Injured Totally damaged houses Partially damaged houses Affected population Total damage and Loss 2.4 million 11 trillion (Kyat)

16 Workshop on Disaster Risk Reduction Basic Terms and Concepts in Disaster Management Facilitator:Mr. Sudhir Kumar, Programme Coordinator Daw Lat Lat Aye, Project Coordinator Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) Mandalay Hotel, Mandalay, Myanmar September, 2009

17 Agencies such as, Forest Department, Department of Meteorology and Hydrology [DMH], Technological Universities [Ministry of Science and Technology ] Irrigation Department, Relief and Resettlement Department [RRD], Fire Services Department, Myanmar Engineering Society [MES], Myanmar Geosciences Society [MGS], Myanmar Information Management Unit [MIMU] and Asian Disaster Preparedness Center [ADPC] were involved.

18 Basic Definitions & Terms Learning Objectives At the end of this session, we should be able to define: Disaster, hazard, risk, elements at risk, vulnerability, capacity, Disaster Management Cycle : Response, Relief, Rehabilitation, Reconstruction, Mitigation, Preparedness and Prevention, DM, DRR & CBDRR

19 Hazard There is a potential for occurrence of an event Phenomenon or situation, which has the potential to cause disruption or damage to people, their property, their services and their environment,

20 Disaster The serious disruption of the functioning of society, causing widespread human, material or environmental losses, which exceed the ability of the affected people to cope using their own resources. An event, either man-made or natural, sudden or progressive, causing widespread human, material or environmental losses

21 Vulnerability The condition or sets of conditions that reduces people s ability to prepare for, withstand or respond to a hazard

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23 Capacities Those positive condition or abilities which increase a community s ability to deal with hazards.

24 Risk The probability that a community s structure or geographic area is to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a particular hazard, on account of their nature, construction, and proximity to a hazardous area.

25 Hazard x Vulnerability = Disaster Risk Capacity

26 Elements at Risk who and what can be damaged people (their lives& health) household and community structures Community facilities & services (houses, access roads, bridges, schools, hospitals) livelihood & economic activities (jobs, crops, livestock, equipment) the environment

27 Disaster Management Cycle Disaster PREPAREDNESS RESPONSE/RELIEF MITIGATION REHABILITATION PREVENTION RECONSTRUCTION

28 Recovery phase Recovery Phase. Disaster impact Preparedness Mitigation Response / Relief Rehabilitation Prevention Reconstruction

29 Prevention Measures taken to avert a disaster from occurring, if possible (to impede a hazard so that it does not have any harmful effects).

30 Mitigation Measures taken prior to the impact of a disaster to minimize its effects (sometimes referred to as structural and non- structural measures).

31 Mitigation Measures taken prior to the impact of a disaster to minimize its effects (sometimes referred to as structural and non- structural measures). Prevention Measures taken to avert a disaster from occurring,, if possible (to impede a hazard so that it does not have any harmful effects).

32 Preparedness Measures taken in anticipation of a disaster to ensure that appropriate and effective actions are taken in the aftermath.

33 Prevent, reduce, transfer or live with disaster risk Public safety, disaster resilience, sustainable development for all

34 Disaster Management is the collective term for all activities that contribute to increasing capacities and will lead to reducing immediate and long-term vulnerabilities. It covers activities before, during and after a disaster.

35 Disaster Risk Reduction Is the conceptual framework of elements considered with the possibilities to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) the adverse impacts of hazards, within the broad context of sustainable development.

36 Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction CBDRR A process of disaster risk reduction in which at-risk communities are actively engaged in the identification, analysis, treatment, monitoring and evaluation of disaster risks in order to reduce their vulnerabilities and enhance their capacities. This means that people are at the heart of decision making and implementation of disaster risk reduction activities.

37 Cyclone Drought / Dry zone Earthquake Fire Floods Forest fire Landslide Storm surge Tsunami

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39 Country MRI Tropical Cyclone Earthquake Flood Land slide Bangladesh China Colombia India Indonesia Myanmar

40 Disaster PREPAREDNESS RESPONSE/RELIEF MITIGATION REHABILITATION PREVENTION RECONSTRUCTION

41 Future Plan We need to study the Potential of these Hazards We need to Identify what the Risks we have Study and Research To Plan for the Effective Disaster Management Development of Hazards Maps for the Natural Disaster is first and foremost requirement

42 What Myanmar Engineering Society has done so far- We have Myanmar Earthquake Committee We have developed, Earthquake Zoning Map with our limited resources,but at least due to our devoted Geologist we have done it, this is just a First Generation Hazard Map. We need to do a lot.

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45 Myitkyina MANDALAY Earthquake Sources: Active faults in Myanmar YANGON

46 Taungdwingyi Earthquake 22 September, :46:54 MST 6.8 on magnitude Scale 7 death, 42 Injure, 180 houses damaged, 182 Pagodas collapsed

47 NDPCC had drafted the Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction, Preparedness, Relief and Rehabilitation. In response to the damage caused by Cyclone Nargis NDPCC issued a Programme for Reconstruction of Cyclone Nargis affected Areas and Implementation Plan for Preparedness and Protection from future Natural Disasters.

48 Natural and man-made made barriers and shelters are planned to provide in hazardous area for safety from high winds, floods and storm surges. These may be natural barriers such as mangrove forests, men-made made high ground and cyclone shelters. Now, the cyclone shelters of varying sizes to accommodate 300,500 and 1000 persons complete with utilities and provisions have been planned and construction works are started and

49 Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement with technical collaboration of Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre formulate the MAPDRR. The MAPDRR has been prepared with consultative and partnership approach. It has identified projects and activities which need to be taken to meet the HFA and ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response Commitments.

50 What we have and What we Need Codes and Specifications Building Codes Building Bye-Laws Are we focus on Disaster Risk Reduction? Disaster Related Law and Regulation What other countries are doing.

51 Educational Institutions Systems National Accreditation System National Certification System National Innovation System Research Centres-Industries Industries-InvestorsInvestors

52 Universities Technological Universities Research Institutions

53 Professional Engineers National Level Regional Level International Level

54 Certification System for Technicians National Level Regional Level International Level

55 Disaster Management related Acts National Level Divisional and State ( eg- Shan, Kachin,etc) Level Township Level Building Rules and Regulation Land use Rules and Regulation

56 We have Engineers, Technicians,Rules and Regulations,but one more most important thing is Enforcement Enforcement need inspection and non- partiality.

57 Very first thing for the Disaster Risk Reduction is awareness of ALL. When I say ALL, it means from the very top to local community. We all must involved in this very important and Nobel Deeds for our country.

58 Rapid Urbanization Urban easement Unsafe Construction Frequent Disasters Fixing Responsibilities Transforming Technical Guidelines into Legal Provisions

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60 High-rise building construction were started in 2003 under Government s initiatives with the participation of Developers. One or two High-rise buildings in Yangon before but due to Government s s support many High-rise building Projects were planned in Yangon For Quality control of these Projects the committee was formed by Government in August

61 Two main bodies that provide housing for the public sector in Yangon are: - Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) which is responsible for administrating housing on private land - Department of Human Settlement and Housing Development (DHSHD) which is responsible for administrating housing on public land

62 Background of the Committee for Quality Control of High-Rise Building Construction Projects (CQHP) -To get high rise buildings of good quality with seismic resistant design, some technical problems need to be solved -CQHP was commissioned in 2003 by government aiming to check the designs of High rise buildings and give advice where necessary -Committee defines that high rise buildings are buildings having more than eight stories -The committee is constituted of eleven senior professional engineers who are from Ministries, from Myanmar Engineering Society and from Yangon Technological University and there are seven civil engineers, two electrical engineers, a mechanical engineer and an architect in the committee. 2009/11/

63 Organization Chart of CQHP Chairman (Civil Eng:) Deputy Chairman(1) (Civil Eng) Deputy Chairman(2) (Electrical) Seretary(1) (Civil Eng:) Secretary(2) (water & sanitation Eng:) Members (Civil Eng:) Member (Architect) Members (Electrical Eng:) Member (Mechanical Eng:) Members (water & sanitation Eng:) 2009/11/10 Checkers & Office Staff Engineers

64 Responsibilities of CQHP (a) To specify guidelines for the design calculations of the high-rise buildings that are to be built in Myanmar. (b) To specify guidelines for the quality control of the high rise buildings that are bound to be observed by the project superintendents and site engineers. (c) To check that the design calculations submitted by the respective structural designer are in accordance with the CQHP's guidelines and that they are acceptable according to the international codes of practice and, if necessary, to give advice on how to perform the corrections. (d) To go to the construction sites regularly (and necessarily) and to check whether or not they follow the CQHP's guidelines and to give advice on quality control. (e) To cooperate with all other relevant departments and organizations to get high-rise buildings of good quality. CQHP accomplishes its responsibilities hand in hand with DHSHD and YCDC. 2009/11/

65 Myanmar is Earthquake prone Country Sagaing Fault is the source of past earthquakes in our history Sagaing Fault passing through most of our major cities Cities are not like before, population is increasing and more concrete and masonary buildings, if not well built,it is danger for loss of lives

66 We have saying Earthquake does not kill, buildings kill. In most of the past earthquake in developing countries, causalities are from low-rise buildings as they are not well design and built It is necessary to follow the proper design and construction practice in our building industry

67 Disaster awareness is important in Myanmar, we have all kinds of Disasters. Concerning Earthquake, we all should learn and study,how to mitigate earthquake disaster Building in right way is the first step we need to follow- in Non-Engineered buildings and Engineered buildings

68 Myanmar has many Natural Hazards. Myanmar needs a lot of things to do. Now, we are aware of Disasters. For successful building of Resilience Myanmar and her communities,techno- Legal Regime must be set-up.

69 Thank You