Rural Solar Electrification in Nigeria: Renewable Energy Potentials and Distribution for Development

Transcription

1 Rural Solar Electrification in Nigeria: Renewable Energy Potentials and Distribution for Development Presented by: Usman Muhammad Program Officer Centre for Energy and Environment Gusau, P.O. Box 379, Zamfara State, Nigeria Presentation made at the World Renewable Energy Forum, Denver, Colorado, United States on 15 th of May, 2012

2 Outline Introduction Renewable Energy Potentials in Nigeria Application of Solar Technology in Nigeria Solar Energy Needs in Rural areas Solar Energy Electrification for Rural Development in Nigeria The Socio-Economic Impact of Rural Solar Off-Grid Recommendations Conclusion

3 Nigeria is situated in West Africa, on the Gulf of Guinea, south of Niger, it became independent in 1960 The current population is about 170 million three times as many people as South Africa and half that of US and its expected to grow 350 million by 2050, the country has 923,768 sq km/356,669 sq mi The country is endowed with abundant renewable energy resources, yet the economy rely heavily on crude oil, although in some decades to come, the sun will slowly but certainly take over as Nigeria s main source of power generation Introduction

4 Renewable Energy Potentials in Nigeria Source: Solar GIS Solar Solar energy is the most promising of the renewable energy sources in view of its apparent limitless potentials Nigeria is endowed with daily sunshine of averagely 6.25hrs in the northern region and 3.5 in the southern region the country also has daily radiation of 7.0kWm 2 /day in the northern region and 3.5kWm 2 /day in the southern part

5 Renewable Energy Potentials in Nigeria If 1% of the country s surface will be covered with solar energy appliances of 5% efficiency then 2.54X106MWh of electricity can be obtained, this amount of electrical energy is equivalent to 4.66million barrels per day Nigeria envisions a country that will be significantly be less dependent on hydrocarbons Cont...

6 Renewable Energy Potentials in Nigeria Wind It was calculated that 1 wind turbine can provide power to about 300 homes during its life span In Nigeria, annual wind speed ranges from 3.89 m/s for Sokoto in the north to a figure of 2.32 m/s for Port Harcourt in the south The energy obtainable from a 25 diametre wind turbine that has an efficiency of 30% put at 25m height is to be about 97MW per year in Sokoto and 25.7MW in Lagos Cont...

7 Renewable Energy Potentials in Nigeria Cont... Hydro Hydro power energy potentials of Nigeria is high and it currently accounts for about 29% of total electricity power supply. The largest hydro power stations are located in Niger State. Kainji 836MW with provision for more expansion to 1,156MW, Jaba 540MW and there are also hydro power stations in Cross River, Benue, and Taraba States respectively In twelve states there are over 278 unexploited Small Hydro Power Stations SHPs that have an estimated capacity of 3,500MW

8 Renewable Energy Potentials in Nigeria Biomass: The country is using 80million cubic metres (479.7kg) of fuel wood every year for cooking and other domestic purposes The country also produces about 227,500 tons of fresh animal waste daily 1 kilogram of fresh animal wasted produce 0.03m 3 of gases Cont...

9 Application of Solar Technology in Nigeria Pilot Water Heater at UDUTH by SERC, Sokoto State As a result of R&D in universities and research centres, large number of solar devices have been developed Solar Technology for Local Adoption: Solar Dryers, Solar Cookers, Solar Water Heaters, Solar Water Pumping Machines, Vaccines and Drug Storage using solar technology, Solar Stills, and Solar Traffic Controllers

10 Solar Energy Needs in Rural Nigeria S/N ACTIVITY USE KW 1. Agro-Processing Flour grinding Oil expelling Crop drying Threshing Small-Scale Industry Saw-milling Wool and Cotton Processing Stone Crushing 3. Household Lighting Refrigeration Cooking Water-pumping Ironing Radio/TV Economic Activities & Energy Requirements in Rural Areas (heat storage cooker) Energy needs in the rural and semi urban areas of Nigeria can be categorised as: Domestic Needs- Cooking, water heating, refrigerating, house lighting, radio powering Agricultural Needs- Drying, Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, irrigation, oil expelling and flour grinding Commercial Needs- Small Businesses, Stone Crushing, Saw Milling, Wool Cotton, Charging of Mobile Phones and its Batteries Community Needs- Hospitals, Clinics, BHCs, PHCs, Schools both Almajiri (Qur anic) and Western Education Schools, Barracks, Prisons, Mosques and Churches

11 Solar Energy Electrification for Rural Development in Nigeria Sources: Mera Gawo Micro Grid Power How Rural Solar Mini Off-Grid Works It consist of solar panels, thus, four to five panels are sufficient to power an entire village of 100 households Then use battery bank to generate power during the day which is consumed at night The light is distributed using poles, these poles usually each carry a street light on it which pass through a village over a short distance then to household

12 Solar Energy Electrification for Rural Development in Nigeria Cont.. In Nigeria, there are hundreds of densely populated rural communities that were cut-off from the national grid and have never enjoyed one minute of electricity supply especially in rural remote corners of the north. Solar Arrays at Makera Village in Zamfara State

13 Solar Energy Electrification for Rural Development in Nigeria Cont.. There are particular communities that are now enjoying electricity supply using solar mini offgrid In Zamfara State there are 22 communities with combined population of over 70,000 people enjoying solar electrification in their remote areas A school at Shamushalli Village enjoying solar street light connected from Mini Off-Grid

14 Solar Energy Electrification for Rural Development in Nigeria Cont.. S/N Location/Date of Installation Power Rating in kw Type of Inverter 1. SERC No. of 2.5kW 2. Kwalkwalawa Nos of 2.5kW 3. 1 Div. HQ. Kaduna Nos of 1.Kw & 500W 4. 3 Mechanized Brig. Kano Nos of 500W 5. Giginya Barracks Sokoto Nos of 500W Source: Energy Commission of Nigeria Some Solar Electrification Projects have executed by Sokoto Energy Research Centre In Kwalkwalawa, Sokoto State Giginya Barracks in Sokoto State Mechanized Brigade in Kano State School for the Deaf, Kaduna State Agbashi Village in Nasarawa State Sayya Gidan Gada also in Sokoto State

15 Solar Energy Electrification for Rural Development in Nigeria Cont.. 5 kwp Solar PV Plant at Laje in Ondo State

16 Socio-Economic Impact of Rural Solar in Nigeria The system allows children to study at home or at night especially the Almajiri (Qur anic) Schools and western education schools Solar power allow these communities to feel safe and interact with one another Local vendors and shop keepers are able to conduct business longer and sale in the night

17 Socio-Economic Impact of Rural Solar in Nigeria Cont.. Solar lighting improves visibility on the ground as well as around the area which provides a safer and secure environment for the local community that is, it provides perimeter security for communities clinics/hospitals have solar systems that make it easier to operate in the night, it also help in refrigerating vaccines the high cost of bringing the electric wire, metering, and transformer to the points where the lights are needed makes solar off-grid cheaper

18 Recommendations Legislation and flexible approaches on renewable energy are needed Promotion of energy efficiency and afforestation Creating enabling environment to attract investment and services of professionals and consultants Capacity building and training on renewable energy sector Establish renewable energy funding machinery agency

19 Conclusion Going by Nigeria s population and abundant land resources: The country suffices in order in order to provide affordable and efficient electrification to its citizen. It is a pact that none of the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) can be achieved without addressing key dimensions of energy issues simultaneously. Legislation on renewable energy therefore collective efforts are needed and encouraged so as to help Nigerians out of energy poverty. Transformative ideas need to be discussed while transformative decision taken.

20 Together We Build Sustainable and a Better Future Thank You All