Green Jobs and Decent Work

Transcription

1 Green Jobs and Decent Work ILO Green Jobs Programme for AP Methodologies and Tools - Enterprises ECOT-EGAT ILO Workshop Promoting ILO Global Experience on Business Social Responsibility and Decent Work Thailand, 27 May 2014 Lurraine Baybay Villacorta Environment and Decent Work Specialist Coordinator, Green Jobs Programme for Asia & the Pacific International Labour Organization (ILO)- Regional Office for Asia & Pacific Bangkok, Thailand

2 Outline of Discussion Definition of Key Terms & Concepts Relevance 2.1 Environmental Challenges 2.2 Economic and Employment Challenges The ILO Green Jobs Programme for AP 3.1 Objectives 3.2 Key Strategy & Priority Work Areas 4 Green Entrepreneurship Greening of Enterprises

3 Green Jobs and Decent Work ILO Green Jobs Programme for AP Methodologies and Tools- Enterprises 1 Definition of Terms

4 Key Terms/Concepts Green Jobs Current Policy Definition Green jobs are decent jobs in any economic sector that: Reduce consumption of energy and raw materials Limit green house gas emissions Minimize waste and pollution Protect and restore ecosystems (Source: Green Jobs: Towards decent work in a sustainable, low-carbon world UNEP/ILO/IOE/ITUC, 2008) help reduce environmental impact, ultimately to levels that are sustainable... jobs that help adapt to effects of Climate Change

5 Green Jobs Statistical Definition a subset of employment in the environmental sector that meets the requirements of decent work Job in any economic unit involved in the following: -Environmental protection activities (primary purpose to prevent, reduce, eliminate pollution and other forms of degradation of the environment) -Resource management activities (primary purpose to preserve and maintain the natural resources stock and safeguarding depletion) Source: ICLS Guidelines concerning a statistical definition of employment in the environmental sector

6 Employment in the Environmental Sector Total employment C- Decent Jobs A- Employment in production of environmental outputs B - Employment in environmental processes A. Employment in production of environmental outputs is defined as employment in the production of environmental goods and services for consumption outside the producing unit. B. Employment in environmental processes is defined as employment in the production of environmental goods and services for D: Jobs in nonenvironmental sector created thanks to greening consumption within the producing unit. Employment in environmental sector= A B Employment created thanks to greening = A B D Green jobs (Employment in Environmental Sector that is decent)= (A B) C

7 Key Terms/Concepts Decent Work Concept and Measurement It involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income, security in the workplace and social protection for families, better prospects for personal development and social integration, freedom for people to express their concerns, organize and participate in the decisions that affect their lives and equality of opportunity and treatment for all women and men. Decent work sums up the aspirations of people in their working lives its four pillars are indispensable building blocks for Sustainable Development

8 4 Elements of Decent Work Adequate incomes for basic needs Reasonable level of economic security Freedom, basic rights, opportunities Voice, self-esteem, self-fulfillment, dignity Employment + income Basic rights at work Social protection Social dialogue

9 Key Terms/Concepts Green Economy No Unique Definition one that results in improved human wellbeing and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities UNEP LOW CARBON, RESOURCE EFFICIENT, SOCIALLY INCLUSIVE

10 BUT the shift to the Green Economy -will involve major transformations of production and consumption patterns -will require the second greatest economic transformation in human history is not Socially Inclusive by Default

11 Transition to Green(er) Economy- Enterprises Product or Service Towards Zero impact Environmental improvement

12 Green Jobs and Decent Work ILO Green Jobs Programme for AP Methodologies and Tools -Enterprises 2 Relevance 2.1 Environmental Challenges 2.2 Economic and Employment Challenges

13 Relevance: Green Jobs in the context of poverty eradication, inclusive growth and sustainable development Key Environmental Challenges in AP -Contributing to global Climate Change (CO2 Emissions) -Particularly vulnerable to Climate Change Effects Asia s Economic Growth and Employment Challenges -Slowed economic growth/mixed employment trends -Poor quality jobs and lack of social protection -Poverty and Inequality

14 Key environmental challenges in AP Climate Change Mitigation to reduce emissions of green house gases (CO2 & others) inc. REDD+ Climate Change Adaptation to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change inc. to increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events Biodiversity Conservation to prevent biodiversity losses inc. Sustainable agriculture, eco-systems and land use management Prevention of Desertification to prevent/limit desertification, inc. river basin management, reforestation, erosion prevention, etc.; Pollution Prevention and Control to prevent pollution of environmental media such as air, water, waste, and soils (inc. Noise) Natural resource management to manage water, fish stock, etc.

15 Green House Gas Emissions gigatons of GHGs emitted In anthropogenic GHGs-> Energy, Industry, Transport (population & economic growth main drivers)

16 Million Tons of CO2 Equivalent Million Tons of CO2 The Asia & Pacific region now CONTRIBUTES significantly to the climate change problem The AP region was responsible for >50% of total Green House Gas (GHG) emissions in Global Warming Potential- Total GHG Emissions 30 GHG Emission- CO China Japan Korea Indonesia India Russia Australia Other AP Rest of the World Source: Statistical Yearbook-AP 2013 UN-ESCAP

17 AP is particular vulnerable to effects of CC Environmental Factors Occurrence of natural 1 disasters Between : Greatest # people affected & killed 3.2 x > Africa 5.4 x > LAC 9x > North America 67x > Europe Impact on GDP % [0.4% in others] Source: Statistical Yearbook-AP 2013 UN-ESCAP

18 AP is particular vulnerable to effects of CC Environmental Factors 2 Heavily populated coastlines and low-lying islands Coastal erosion, saline intrusion, land losses Red areas at risk to rising sea levels in Bangladesh

19 AP is particular vulnerable to effects of CC Environmental Factors X other complicating Factors 3 Demographics, urbanization; energy demand Exposure to price volatility (food and oil) Increasing demography (South Asia) and demographic transition changing age structure Home to almost half of global urban populationurbanizing faster than any other region [ B 46% of region s population live in urban areas; to reach 50% or + 500M in 2020] Booming energy demand - next 20 years 70 %

20 AP s Economic Growth and Employment challenges Dramatic recovery from the global financial crisis of with growth rate at 8.4% in 2010 But 1 Mixed employment trends, with deceleration in some key economies Employment, latest period 2013 & same period % A slow down in 2011 Greatest in South-East Asia (economies dependent on exports) 8.0% in 2010 to 4.5% in 2011 Source: Asia-Pacific Labour Market Update, ILO-ROAP

21 AP s Economic Growth and Employment challenges 2 Unemployment low overall but young people remain especially vulnerable Overall lowaround 5% or < Philippines % Indonesia (for 1 st time since 2005 ) 6.3% Pakistan- 6%- total 8.8% women Source: Asia-Pacific Labour Market Update, ILO-ROAP

22 AP s Economic Growth and Employment challenges 3 Job quality for many remains poor- high shares of own account [pervasive informality & rising casual jobs] Lao PDR Bangladesh Nepal India Bhutan Vanuatu Cambodia Pakistan Viet Nam Mongolia Indonesia Thailand Sri Lanka Philippines Malaysia Taiwan, China Singapore Share of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment (%) Source: National statistical offices; ILO: Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM), 7th edition; ILO: Global Employment Trends 2012.

23 AP s Economic Growth and Employment challenges 4 Low expenditures on social security Social security expenditure by region, weighted by population, latest available year (percentage of GDP) Sources: IMF, 2009; OECD, SOCX (OECD, 2009a); ILO Social Security Inquiry (ILO, 2009c); ESSPROS (European Commission, 2009a); WHOSIS (WHO, 2009a)

24 AP s Economic Growth and Employment challenges 5 Earnings for many remain too low to escape poverty Bangladesh India Nepal Afghanistan East Timor Lao PDR Myanmar Pakistan Papua New Guinea Cambodia Indonesia Bhutan Fiji Solomon Islands Philippines Viet Nam Mongolia Sri Lanka Share of workers living in poor households, most recent period (%) US$2 per day US$1.25 per day Billion Billion million people living in extreme poverty Source: ILO, KILM 7th edition; ILO: Global Employment Trends 2012 Statistical Yearbook AP 2013 UNESCAP.

25 Environmental Sustainability (Green Jobs) can be a driver of economic growth provide the critical response to the challenges -specifically jobs for the nearly 200 million unemployed (74 million youth) 500 million more job seekers over the next decade 397 million workers are living in extreme poverty

26 Transition to Green Economy: Impact on Sectors Emergence of new sectors (e.g. Renewable Energy, etc.) Change [decline] in most exposed sectors - Energy Intensive Industries (EIIs) (energy, pulp & paper, steel, chemical, etc.) Expansion of Green sectors (recycling economy, ecotourism, etc.) Evolution in most sectors (Manufacturing, Construction, Transport, etc.)

27 Transition to Green Economy: Impact on Jobs Created Substituted Eliminated (without direct replacement) Transformed and redefined greening Manufacturing of green technologies, green equipment, green services Shifting from fossil fuels to renewables Packaging materials are discouraged or banned and production is discontinued, mining of asbestos Skills sets, work methods and profiles of plumbers, electricians, metal workers, and construction workers greened

28 Transition to Green Economy: Impact on Jobs Impact on Jobs/ Employment New Jobs Created will offset (some) of those lost But those who will get the Green Jobs are not necessarily those who will have lost their jobs Source: ILO 2011 Skills for green jobs: A global view and other products from the EC and ILO joint management agreement Knowledge sharing on early identification of skill needs

29 Transition to Green Economy: A Positive Net Gain: Jobs and Productivity The resource-intensive development model of the past will lead to rising costs, loss of productivity and disruption of economic activity: productivity levels would lower by 2.4% in 2030 and 7.2% by 2050 in a BAU (ILO Global Economic Linkages model). Whereas a greener economy and more sustainable enterprises is creating tens of millions of green jobs: million potential additional jobs globally over the next two decades. At least half of the global workforce, the equivalent of 1.5 billion people, will be affected by the transition to a greener economy. 8 key sectors are expected to play a central role: agriculture, forestry, fishing, energy, resource-intensive manufacturing, recycling, building and transport. Source: ILO 2012, Working towards sustainable development. Opportunities for decent work and social inclusion in a green economy.

30 Green Jobs and Decent Work ILO Green Jobs Programme for AP Methodologies and Tools-Enterprises 3 The ILO Green Jobs Programme for AP 3.1 Objectives 3.2 Key Strategy & Priority Work Areas

31 Objectives: Green Jobs Programme-AP since 2009, worked to promote opportunity, equity, a just transition to a low carbon, climate resilient and environmentally friendly economy and inclusive growth for the world of work Three-fold objectives: To enhance the capacity of ILO constituents to take part in dialogue on green jobs at local, subnational and national levels by giving them access to quality data and information; To influence national policies and so contribute to an inclusive growth model that is job-centred, environmentally sustainable, and that promotes decent work; and To promote gender sensitive opportunities for green jobs by supporting demonstration activities and national programmes.

32 Major Challenges 102 nd ILC Conclusions Achieving Decent Work, Green Jobs & Sustainable Development economic restructuring, resulting in the displacement of workers and possible job losses and job creation attributable to the greening of enterprises and workplaces the need for enterprises, workplaces and communities to adapt to climate change to avoid loss of assets and livelihoods and involuntary migration adverse effects on the incomes of poor households from higher energy and commodity prices.

33 Major opportunities 102 nd ILC Conclusions Achieving Decent Work, Green Jobs & Sustainable Development net gains in total employment - significant numbers of additional decent jobs through investments into environmentally sustainable production and consumption and management of natural resources improvements in job quality and incomes on a large scale from more productive processes as well as greener products and services in sectors like agriculture, construction, recycling and tourism; social inclusion through improved access to affordable, environmentally sustainable energy and payments for environmental services, for instance, which are of particular relevance to women and residents in rural areas

34 Renewed Mandate: nd ILC Conclusions Achieving Decent Work, Green Jobs & Sustainable Development Key Intervention Areas 1 Creating more jobs -Providing evidence that greening will lead to net growth in employment 2 3 Ensuring quality employment -Ensuring that jobs created meet decent work criteria -Addressing issues specific to the informal sector Advancing social inclusion -Social protection policies, occupational changes, skills building and upgrading, retraining of workers

35 Key Strategy: Assessment of Green Jobs Actual/Potential More and better jobs Support to Policy Implementation Green Jobs Strategy and Policy Social Dialogue Pilot Projects Technical advice, Skills development, Entrepreneurship promotion

36 Priority Work Areas: supporting governments, employers and workers in 11 countries of Asia & the Pacific to collaborate on generating coherent policies and effective programmes that will lead to decent work for all in a greener economy Policy Development and Research Capacity Development and Programme Development Knowledge Sharing and Cooperation Country Region HQ 4 CO-Region-HQ Coordination RAS 176 Increased Capacity of members states re Green Jobs

37 Green Jobs and Decent Work ILO Green Jobs Programme for AP Methodologies and Tools- Enterprises 4 Green Entrepreneurship Greening of Enterprises

38 Initiatives on Green Entrepreneurship & Greening of Enterprises Start Your Green Business- Indonesia Green Business Philippines-Thailand Options-China

39 Business Start-up phase TRAINING PACKAGE I START-UP ToE Stage I START-UP Coaching Stage I START YOUR GREEN BUSINESS Business take-off phase TRAINING PACKAGE II TAKE-OFF ToE Stage II TAKE-OFF Coaching Stage II START YOUR GREEN BUSINESS Business expansion phase TRAINING PACKAGE III EXPAND ToE Stage III EXPAND Coaching Stage III SYGB- Green Entrepreneurship Training System information on legal framework and processes for business start-up, registration and employment; overview of market/ business climate Supports green economic and financial policies of Indonesia.

40 GBA- Training & Advisory Programme for Hotels: A people-centred solution for upgrading businesses and workplaces GBA can help enterprises move from: This: To this:

41 Enterprise-level results examples: GBA Better worker-manager cooperation, with wellfunctioning joint worker-manager teams Safer and better organized workspaces 30 % energy savings 42% reduction in food waste 18% reduction in laundry expenses Joining GBA has greatly benefited the hotel (...)Things have improved between the executives and operational staff because they have a chance to work together. This is narrowing and filling the gap that was once found between the two groups. K. Dao, Malisa Villa Suites All of this has made us even more determined and dedicated for future development. We have also been more engaged in hotel alliances, we can learn from our GBA partner hotels. K. Supattra, the NAP, Patong

42 DAY 1 CORE SESSIONS DAY 2 DAY 3 ELECTIVE SESSIONS Continual improvement and greener workplaces Workplace relations & mechanisms of cooperation People & workplaces for service excellence Energy efficiency Waste Management & Green procurement Changing Enterprises in a Changing World: Continual Improvement and Joint problem-solving for Sustainability Greener processes and workplaces Workplace cooperation, principles and practices The 5S Workplace relations, rights and equality Occupational Health 7 Safety Level 1 People for continual improvement and service excellence Green Improvement Planning Water Management Occupational Safety & Health Service Quality Improvement action implementation by teams & Follow-up Support Preparation of Green Improvement Plans by joint teams

43 General Approach & Methodology Workplace cooperation for effective change Integrated approach to improvement Focus on concrete changes Emphasis on the business case

44 General Approach & Methodology close collaboration with Social Partners In the case of ECOT Collaboration in the promotion of the GBA programme to member companies Conduct of Joint seminars and forums Collaboration in the development of information services on green business practices for ECOT member companies 44

45 Thank you! Lurraine Baybay Villacorta Join the Green Jobs Network! International Labour Organization- Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific: Green Jobs Programme (Asia-Pacific):