Chapter 9 Water Quality

Transcription

1 Chapter 9 Water Quality

2 01: A glass of pure water. Source: Reprinted from US Environmental Protection Agency. Water on tap: What you need to know. Washington, DC: EPA Office of Water; 2003: back cover.

3 02: Residential uses for water in a Southern California community. Source: Data are from the Irvine Ranch Water District, Irvine, California.

4 03: A slum in Ecuador that was heavily affected by cholera due to its proximity to unsafe water sources. Source: Reprinted courtesy of CDC Public Health Image Library. ID #5323. Available at: Accessed March 15, 2010.

5 04A: Examples of surface waters.

6 04B: Examples of surface waters.

7 05: Types of aquifers, wells, and groundwater flow. Source: From Vital Water Graphics: Freshwater Resources, United Nations Environment Programme, 2002 United Nations. Reprinted with the permission of the publisher. Available at: Ac

8 06: The world s water cycle. The width of the arrows is proportional to the volumes of transported water. Source: From Vital Water Graphics: Freshwater Resources, by United Nations Environment Programme, 2002 United Nations. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. Available at: Acces

9 07: A world of salt. Source: From Vital Water Graphics: Freshwater Resources, by United Nations Environment Programme, 2002, United Nations. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. Available at: Acce

10 08: Global freshwater resources: quantity and distribution by region. (Estimates refer to standing volumes of freshwater.) Source: From Vital Water Graphics: Freshwater Resources, by United Nations Environment Programme, United Nations. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. Available at: Accessed A

11 09: The front of a basic water treatment plant. Source: Reprinted from CDC Public Health Image Library. ID #4887. Available at: Accessed March 15, 2010.

12 10: The stages of treatment at a water treatment plant. Source: Reprinted from US Environmental Protection Agency. Water on tap: What you need to know. Washington, DC: EPA Office of Water; 2003: 8.

13 11: Storage tank for aluminum sulfate used to coagulate solids in water. Source: Courtesy of Irvine Ranch Water District, Irvine, California.

14 12: Tanks used for additional skimming during secondary processing. Source: Courtesy of Irvine Ranch Water District, Irvine, California.

15 13A: Model of a sand and charcoal filter used in water processing. Source: Courtesy of Irvine Ranch Water District, Irvine, California.

16 13B: A chlorinator room for water disinfection.

17 14: Photograph of Dr. Frederick S. McKay, one of the pioneers in water fluoridation. Source: Reprinted from CDC Public Health Image Library. ID #4751. Available at: Accessed April 5, 2010.

18 15: Water filtration system for water from aquifer. A. Pump B. Bank of filters C. Samples of water before and after filtration Source: Courtesy of Irvine Ranch Water District, Irvine, California.

19 16: The urban water cycle: Man s impact on groundwater. Source: From Vital Water Graphics: Freshwater Resources, by United Nations Environment Programme, 2002 United Nations. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. Available at: Acces

20 17: In order to prevent water and other pollution, this sign admonishes city residents to pick up after their pets.

21 18: This illustration depicts the life cycle of different species of Cryptosporidium, the causal agents of cryptosporidiosis. Source: Reprinted courtesy of CDC Public Health Image Library. ID #3386. Alexander J. da Silva, PhD/Melanie Moser Content Providers. Available at: Accessed April 5, 2010.

22 19: Oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum. Oocysts are spheroidal objects, 4 to 6 microns (µm) in diameter. Source: Reprinted courtesy of CDC Public Health Image Library. ID #4384. Dr. Peter Drotman Content Provider. Available at: Accessed April 5, 2010.

23 20: The protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia, causative agent for giardiasis. Source: Reprinted courtesy of CDC Public Health Image Library. ID #8698. Janice Haney Carr Content Provider. Available at: Accessed April 7, 2010.

24 21A: A. Portable pipe filters are a convenient method for preventing Guinea worm disease. A young boy uses a portable pipe filter to prevent transmission of Guinea worm disease. Photo credit: Emily Staub/TCC.

25 21B: B. Traditional treatment of Guinea worm disease consists of wrapping the two- to three-foot-long worm around a small stick and extracting it: a slow, painful process that often takes weeks. The figure shows an emerging Guinea worm. Photo credit: Elizabeth Wolfe.

26 Photo credit: Annemarie Poyo. 21C: C. President and Mrs. Carter examine a pipe filter.

27 21D: D. Guinea worm disease incapacitates its victims so adults cannot work and children cannot play or attend school. Filters catch the microscopic water fleas that contain infective larvae. This woman is using Photo credit: Emily Staub/TCC. such a cloth filter.

28 22: Air conditioning cooling tower.

29 23: Human actions leading to coastal degradation. Source: From Vital Water Graphics: Coastal and Marine, by United Nations Environment Programme, 2002 United Nations. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. Available at: Accesse

30 24: Beach closing sign. With increasing levels of pollution in some areas, beach closings have become more frequent.

31 25: Sources of pollution that resulted in advisories and closings, Source: Reprinted from US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water. EPA s BEACH Watch Program: 2002 Swimming Season. EPA 823-F ; Available at: Accessed April

32 26: Ocean pollution evident in the harbor at the port town of Cobh in Ireland.

33 27: The Exxon Valdez oil spill. Upper left: Oil being removed (lightered) from the ship; upper right: Exxon Valdez surrounded by a boom; lower left: biologist measuring depth of oil penetration; lower right: workers using high-pressure, hot-water washing Source: Reprinted from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA s Ocean Service, Office of Response and Restoration. Image Galleries: Exxon Valdez Oil Spill. Available at: Access

34 28: Oil platform off the California coast.

35 2.9e+1: Deepwater Horizon fire Source: US Coast Guard, Visual Information Gallery. Deepwater Horizon fire. Available at: Accessed August 28, 2010.

36 T01: Cryptosporidiosis (Chronology)