DOE s Net-Zero Energy Commercial Building Initiative

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2 DOE s Net-Zero Energy Commercial Building Initiative Drury B. Crawley, Ph.D. U.S. Department of Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Dallas, Texas October 5, 2009

3 Buildings: Largest Energy Consumer Combined, the residential and commercial buildings sector is the largest energy consumer in the U.S. 39% of U.S. Primary Energy Consumption 73% of U.S. Electricity 34% of direct U.S. Natural Gas Source: Buildings Energy Data Book 2008, Tables 1.1.3, 1.1.9,

4 Environmental Footprint U.S. buildings contribute 9% of world s carbon dioxide emissions

5 Water Consumption Buildings account for 45% of U.S. water use, including electric generation Excluding electricity, 100 gallons is used per person for domestic use per day Approximately 140 billion gallons of water is used per day to provide electricity to buildings. Agricultural 34% Industrial/ Mining 5% Other 3% Buildings/ Public Uses* 11% Power Plants 47% Total Water Use: 408 Billion Gallons per Day *Does not include self-supplied water of approximately 4 billion gallons/day. Source: Hutson, S.S., Barber, N.L., Kenny, J.F., Linsey, K.S., Lumia, D.S., and Maupin, M.A., 2004, Estimated use of water in the United States in 2000: Reston, Va., U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1268;

6 Commercial Buildings Energy Share Commercial buildings account for: 18% of U.S. energy 18% of greenhouse gas emissions (~1000 MMT of CO 2 e) Slightly less than India s entire energy consumption and GHG emissions

7 Fastest Growing Energy Sector Energy consumption rose 70% between 1980 and 2005 Commercial buildings consume greater amounts of energy relative to other sectors

8 Why is the Federal Government involved? Because net-zero energy buildings will mean: Dramatic reductions in nation s carbon footprint, in ways that support healthy economy Lower operating expenses for building owners and tenants, more competitive U.S. businesses More sustainable communities, less strain on power grids, delayed needs for new power generation infrastructure Plentiful domestic energy from a clean new source: buildings that generate power back to the grid

9 DOE Buildings Strategy Targets: Affordable net-zero energy residential buildings (by 2020) and commercial buildings (by 2025) The investment in Buildings R&D yielded an ROI of 15:1 from 1978 to Source: "Energy Research at DOE: Was it Worth It, NRC 2001, Tables 3.1

10 Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 Called for development of Net-Zero Energy Commercial Building Initiative [EISA Section 422]: Commercial buildings newly constructed by % of commercial building stock by 2040 All commercial buildings by 2050 Authorized DOE to collaborate with national labs, private sector, other federal agencies, non-governmental organizations to advance high-performance commercial buildings Directed DOE to recognize High-Performance Green Building Partnership Consortia and competitively select Consortium

11 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 Set aside $16.8 billion for energy efficiency and renewable energy $2.5 billion of that allocated to Applied Research, Development, Demonstration, and Deployment

12 Net-Zero Energy Commercial Building Initiative Transforming the Built Environment Initiative that drives activities of DOE s Commercial Buildings Program Main components: public-private partnerships created to achieve and promote technology improvement and commercialization of advanced building technologies at an accelerated pace Goal is to enable market-ready, net-zero energy commercial buildings no later than 2025 in all climate zones

13 Commercial Building Energy Alliances (CBEAs) Informal associations among building owners and operators who want to reduce energy consumption Current CBEAs: Retailer Energy Alliance (launched February 2008) Commercial Real Estate Energy Alliance (launched April 2009) Hospital Energy Alliance (launched April 2009) Future CBEAs: Higher Education Energy Alliance State and Local Government Energy Alliance

14 Retailer Energy Alliance (REA) Informal association among building owners and operators who want to reduce energy consumption Launched Feb members 17.4% market share 2.54 Billion Sq. Ft. One in a series of sectorspecific alliances facilitated by DOE

15 Retail Has Most Immediate Opportunity to Realize Efficiency Savings Great opportunity to reduce energy intensity Restaurants, grocers have highest energy intensity per sq. ft.

16 Challenges and Opportunities for Retailers Challenges: Rising energy costs Smart energy use Building performance Opportunities: Multiple buildings, same design Replicable and transferable building design Influence over materials suppliers

17 What s New at REA? LED Lighting Walmart Superstore (Leavenworth, Kansas) First retail store to feature light-emitting diode (LED) parking lot lights based on REA specifications (July 2009) A test site for viability of LED lights at Walmart stores nationwide Commercial Lighting Solutions An interactive Web tool designed to help owners/tenants achieve 30%+ energy savings (Released May 2009)

18 CBEA Technology Procurement: LED Outdoor Area (Parking Lot) Lighting Why LEDs make sense for commercial parking lots Save energy Enhanced luminaire optical efficiency Better total system efficacy (lumens per watt) Control capability (e.g., dimming) Reduced maintenance costs Improved uniformity Environmentally friendly Timing REA working group established April 2008 Specifications completed early 2009 Installed at test site July 2009

19 Metal Halide Parking Lot LED Parking Lot Average: 3.5 Maximum: 9.0 Minimum: 0.9 Max : Min: W MH Average: 2.8 Maximum: 5.2 Minimum: 1.2 Max : Min: W LED

20 REA-GreenChill Collaboration Working with EPA s cooperative alliance with the supermarket industry to reduce refrigerant charges and emissions Reviewing GreenChill s Advanced Technology Guidelines and making recommendations for incorporating energy efficiency Collecting retailer feedback on GreenChill Case Study Template

21 Supplier Summits Forge a communication path between commercial building owners and operators and suppliers Summit Topics HVAC Lighting Renewable Energy

22 National Accounts DOE national labs teamed with 23 companies to: Build one new building at 50% less energy than Standard 90.1 Retrofit a building that uses 30% less energy than the CBECs baseline or 30% less than the mean of their building portfolio Labs provide technical assistance Targets going forward - 50% today, 70% in 2012, ZEB in 2015 The Recovery Act provides funding for more National Accounts solicitations. Know of a potential project? commercialbuildings.energy.gov

23 R&D Platform for Affordable Zero Energy Buildings Whole-building design and controls Increased efficiency of all plug loads and subsystems Integration of renewable onsite technologies (solar power and heating, storage, etc.) to meet remaining energy needs Envelope Phase change material enhanced thermal insulation Climatically tuned weather-resistive barriers Thermochromatic roof systems HVAC Air-source integrated heat pump Ground-source integrated heat pump High-efficiency electric water heating Windows Highly insulating windows Dynamic solar control Lighting Solid-state lighting (SSL) Buildings Systems Engineering Building Simulation Modeling

24 ZEB Database First Database of Net-Zero Energy Buildings: Building Location Floor Area (ft 2 ) Annual Purchased Energy (kbtu/ft 2 ) Aldo Leopold Legacy Center Baraboo, WI 11, Audubon Center at Debs Park Los Angeles, CA 5,020 Challengers Tennis Club Los Angeles, CA 3, Environmental Tech. Center, Sonoma State Hawaii Gateway Energy Center Rohnert Park, CA 2, Kailua-Kona, HI 3, IDeAs Z2 Design Facility San Jose, CA 6, Oberlin College Lewis Center Oberlin, OH 13, Science House St. Paul, MN 1,530 0

25 30% Advanced Energy Design Guides ASHRAE, IESNA, AIA, USGBC, and DOE developing series of energy design guides for achieving 30% lower energy than 90.1 Prescriptive tabular approach Small office, small retail, K 12 schools, small warehouses and self-storage, and highway lodging guides LEED points without simulation! Next up: Small healthcare 50% technical analysis under way

26 AEDG Development Objectives Provide a way, but not the only way, to achieve 30% energy savings relative to (probably 30% relative to as well) Provide recommendations (prescriptive measures) and design strategies ( how to implement tips) Use practical, off-the-shelf technology (or state-of-the-shelf) Develop user-friendly document targeting designers, design/build, and contractors for small buildings (mostly < 20K ft 2 ) LEED points: 4 E&A credits

27 Thanks! Questions? Dru Crawley Building Technologies Program U.S. Department of Energy DOE Building Technologies Program buildings.energy.gov Commercial Building Initiative commercialbuildings.energy.gov