Introduction To HORIBA On Board System For PEMS Project. December 2004

Transcription

1 Introduction To HORIBA On Board System For PEMS Project December 2004

2 Introduction To OBS-1300 System

3 Pre-PEMS OBS-1300 General Layout HORIBA On-board Emission System (OBS) CO, CO 2 HC >>> Wet type NDIR NOx, AFR >>> ZrO 2 type sensor Exhaust flow rate >>> Pitot flow meter Real time Total Mass Emission Exhaust temperature Exhaust pressure Ambient temperature Atmospheric pressure Ambient humidity Vehicle velocity Engine revolution GPS(latitude, longitude, altitude) Optional input(3ch)

4 Main features of OBS-1000 Low energy consumption >>Power consumption of all unit is less than 0.4kW Robustness for vibration >>Solid state detector is adopted for NDIR analyzer No operation gas required >>Wet-type NDIR and ZrO2 sensor doesn t need operation gas except for N2 gas (to calibrate and purge the NDIR analyzer) Fast response >>Response time(t90) of all components is less than 1.5sec. Wet measurement >>CO, CO2 and HC are measured by Wet-type NDIR(MEXA-1170HNDIR). >>NOx and AFR are measured by ZrO2 sensor(mexa-720nox). >>Exhaust flow rate are measured by Pitot flow meter. >>Fuel consumption by Carbon Balance and Exhaust Flow/AFR (cross check)

5 Use Of Heated Sampling Cooler unit Heated line H2O loss DRY-NDIR WET-NDIR Benefits of wet based measurement No correction of H2O removal required when using wet based exhaust flow rate No cooler unit required Faster response

6 Heated NDIR Configuration Light source Sample cell Chopper Heated region Solid state detector REF signal CO 2 signal CO signal H 2 O signal Gas outlet Gas inlet Band pass filter Solid-state detector >> robustness for vibration effect Minimum drift >> calculated by absorption ratio (absorption ratio) = (REF) - (COMP) (REF)

7 Heated NDIR! Integral H2O measurement allows correction in NDIR analyser for H 2 O coexisting effect (RS%) " Spectral Overlap " Molecular Interaction (collision energy transfer) Before compensation 4 3.7vol% CO2 7.6vol% CO2 20.1vol% CO2 3 4%rdg H 2 O concentration [vol%] After compensation 3.7vol% CO2 7.6vol% CO vol% CO H 2 O concentration [vol%]

8 Pitot Tube Exhaust Flow Meter Exhaust pipe SAO Flow rate [L/min] R= Gas flow ( Velocity V, Density γ ) Stagnation point (Pressure p0) Pitot static tube Static point (Pressure p) H Pitot Pressure sensor (Differential pressure h) Pressure sensor

9 Pitot Tube Calibration! Multiple exhaust tubes have been supplied for possible exhaust flow range of HDD vehicles :- " D / 56.5 mm (0 to 12 m 3 /min) " E / 72.3 mm (0 to 20 m 3 /min) " F / 97.6 mm (0 to 32 m 3 /min)! Each tube is calibrated by HORIBA on flow rig using SAO (sub-sonic) traceable flow standard (~ +/- 0.5% accuracy)! Calibration of OBS pressure/temperature sensors is required periodically! Procedures/utilities for exhaust flow meter calibration and verification are being reviewed

10 Installation of OBS-1000 (example)

11 Data logger screen(real time display screen)

12 Data logger screen(data check & analysis screen)

13 Original Target Application For OBS-1000 Series! Measurement of vehicle emissions for urban emissions modelling " Key goals for original development # Low power for extended operation on battery power # Small size and modular layout (one man installation) # No gases required inside the vehicle # No electrical connections to vehicle (power, ECU etc) # General purpose measurement for all vehicle types and fuels " Spec equivalent to MEMS plus (Univ W.Virginia) " Design changes are necessary for EU-PEMS* target specification ref certification/traceability traceability * PEMS is the Portable Emission Measurement System being considered by the EU Commission for In Use verification of HDD vehicles

14 Modifications Of OBS-1000 For PEMS Project

15 Modifications For PEMS - OBS! Supply of software for ECU communications / calculations! Supply of HCLA for NO x measurements! Supply of HFID for THC measurements! Defined data requirements for result comparison! Any necessary calculations required for the data evaluation or analysis! Provision of PM measuring instrument to be delayed until PEMS Phase II (commencing January 2005)! Barometric Compensation (not installed in the prototype version)

16 Use Of Heated FID / CLA! NDIR HC Limitations " Sensitivity " Correlation with certification principle " Replace with Heated FID! UEGO Nox Limitations " Correlation with certification principle " Sensitivity for low emitting engines (2007 +) " NH3 interference (in preparation for SCR) " NO2 sensitivity (in preparation for Oxi-Cat or CRT) " Replace with Heated CLA

17 ECU Communications Module! ECU communication capability is different from manufacturer to manufacturer! HORIBA is using two ECU communication devices to support the PEMS program (J1939 and J1708 interfaces and protocols)! HORIBA will finalise on a single module to cover (hopefully) all ECU variations in next phase of development

18 PEMS OBS Prototype Unit

19 PEMS-OBS Shipping Boxes

20 Verification Of PEMS-OBS System

21 Verification / Check Procedures! PEMS prototype system pre-delivery check was made on Horiba Europe Chassis Test Cell! Correlation testing was made for the gaseous components using LDD vehicles! Vehicle flow rate was too low for HDD exhaust flow tubes! PEMS HDD exhaust tubes were calibrated in HORIBA Japan! Unable to check ECU communications! Insufficient time for pre-delivery check on HDD engine test cell before JRC delivery

22 PEMS - OBS v MEXA-7100D! OBS analyser concentration data from vehicle tailpipe was compared directly with MEXA- 7100D analyser concentrations at the tailpipe.! THC concentration data is wet base! CO2, CO, Nox data is dry base! No analyser adjustment / optimisation was made for OBS or 7100! All data is as found! No re-labelling of span gases for OBS or 7100

23 CO2 Correlation

24 CO Correlation (Cold Start)

25 CO Correlation (Warm Start)

26 THC Correlation

27 Nox Correlation

28 UEGO NO2 Response Diagnostic 7100 CLA - Nox mode (blue) OBS CLA - NO mode (red) OBS UEGO - Nox mode (black)

29 Exhaust Flow Traces - Tube B Both tests are warm start

30 Exhaust Flow Traces (Integrated Flow) Blue trace - Cold Start Red/Yellow trace - Warm Starts

31 PEMS-OBS Production Model OBS-2200

32 Application & Target Market OBS-2100 Real World Research Environmental Modeling NIES, TNO, EPA,, Real World engine calibration Engine manufacture, OBS-2000 In-use compliance Certification HDD manufacture, OBS-2200 Regulation (CFR, ISO) CFR-1065 subpart J (Field testing) EPA, CARB, EC-DG ENTR, EC-JRC HDD manufacture,

33 System configuration of OBS-2200 LAN Controller-PC LAN OBD gas flow signal power Emission EIU (option) Ext. Input PM analyzer (option) Antenna Amb. temp. and GPS OBS V PSU V (option) humidity Exh. temp V Battery Tail-pipe attachment Exh. press. Atm. press. Pitot press. Analyzer (CO, CO 2, THC, NOx) 24V PCU (option) Vehicle battery (12/24V, 10A)

34 Multi-Protocol ECU Comms Module

35 Front panel of OBS-2200

36 Package design of OBS-2X00 330(H)mm 350(W)mm Dimensions 350mm(W) 330mm(H) 500mm(D) 30 Kgs 500(D)mm

37 Technical Improvement from OBS-1000 CLD for NOx measurement HFID for THC measurement Exhaust flow measurement #Improvement of root averaging error on pulsation flow measurement #Improvement of accuracy to measure backward flow #Increasing flow tube diameter and maximum flow rate #Improvement of dynamic range of flow measurement

38 Easier Connections

39 Easier to handle

40 Easier Access To All Components

41 Improved Software! Laptop PC Windows based! LAN connection (cable or wireless)! Automated sequences for simplified operation! Improved utilities for system support, data handling and calibration! NTE calculations (on current understanding)! Optional panels for driver inputs/events