HISTORY OF PETROLEUM. Dr. Helmy Sayyouh Petroleum Engineering Cairo University

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1 HISTORY OF PETROLEUM Petroleum Engineering Cairo University

2 History 6,000 BC Shallow pits Bitumen Fire Temples Oil Lamps fed by Natural Sources

3 Egyptians found oil 3000BC - Bitumen Head - Medicine - Lubricant - Tomb Robber Fuel 2000 BC - Middle East-Crude Distillation - Europe -refined distillate - "early Kerosene for lamps

4 Asia Oil industry apparently began at least 5,000 years ago. This industry spread from the middle East to China. Spring-Pole Rigs 3000 ft deep Early Cable Tool Tool Strings

5 2000 BC China The Chinese developed an industry. While drilling wells for water they found oil. They transported water by pipelines for irrigation.

6 Europeans took the Chinese spring-pole concept And modified the process

7 Steam Driven Rig spring pole drilling evolved into steam powered cable tool drilling by the late 1800 s

8 Cable Tool Drill Rig

9 Cable Tool Drill Bits

10 Modern industry began 1859 in the US when a group of businessmen contracted with Col. Edwin A. Drake to drill for oil near Titusville in Pennsylvania.

11 Modern Era - Begins The first oil well was drilled by Drake in 1859 in depth 69.5 ft and producing 8 STB/D First cable tool rig to drill for oil

12 Through 1860s hundred of wells were drilled in North Western Pennsylvania. Transportation - Bbls by wagon - Wooden pipelines Initially 1866 Pipeline gathering system aligned to rail.

13 Anybody Seen a Barrel of Oil? The oil barrel as an actual container for petroleum was largely used in 1860's. Wooden Oil Barrels Many of those early barrels had different capacities (less or more than 42 gallons). In 1870's standardization at 42 gallons began to take firmer hold and a 42 gallon oil barrel became a unit of measure as well as a container.

14 Oil Creek, Pennsylvania

15 Barrel Factory

16 Through 1860s hundred of wells were drilled in North Western Pennsylvania.

A well at Spindle top was discovered in 1901

17 A well at Spindle top was discovered in ft Producing 100,000 STB/D. The well blowout.

18 SpindleTop - First Major Discovery in Texas 1st Gusher 200ft 100,000 STB (10 days) Increased Production World 20% USA 50% Created Million Bbl Lake

19 Oil Through The Ages 347 Oil wells are drilled in China up to 800 feet deep using bits attached to bamboo poles (Spring Pole Drilling) Oil wells are hand dug at Baku (Azerbaijan) up to 35 meters (115 ft) deep Fist natural gas well, hand dug; New York in Marcellus Shale First modern oil well is drilled in Asia, on the Aspheron Peninsula north-east of Baku- 21 meters

20 Oil Through The Ages 1854 First oil wells in Europe are drilled 30 to 50 meters deep in Poland First oil well in North America is drilled in Ontario, Canada First oil well in the United States is drilled 69 ½ ft deep at Titusville, Pennsylvania by Col. Edwin Drake. First recorded contract to drill for oil; considered by many to be the birth of the oil industry

21 In 1885 First oil well in Egypt: Debay #1; Ras Gemsa 10 BPD

22 In 1960s Oil Industry Becomes A World Industry The Arabian Gulf region has become the dominant influence on oil industry

23 THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

24 RESERVOIR LIFE CYCLE DELINATION DEVELOPMENT PRIMARY DISCOVERY RESERVOIR LIFE CYCLE SECONDARY EXPLORATION ABANDONMENT TERTIARY

E&P Life Cycle Components Exploration Delineation / Appraisal Development Maturity - Geology Studies - Concepts - Basin Modeling - New Seismic - Prospect

Seismic Reinterpretation - Prepare Field Development Plan - Integrated Development Studies & Res.

25 E&P Life Cycle Components Exploration Delineation / Appraisal Development Maturity - Geology Studies - Concepts - Basin Modeling - New Seismic - Prospect Evaluation - Exploratory Drilling - Integration & Interpretation - Static Modeling - Planning & Data Acquisition - Drill Discovery Well - Appraisal Drilling - Seismic Reinterpretation - Prepare Field Development Plan - Integrated Development Studies & Res. Modeling - Engineering Design And Construction - Development Drilling - Exploitation Geoscience & Modeling - Reservoir Development & Strategies - Production Optimization & Modeling - Well work Optimization Field Abandonment

26 World Oil Reserves/Production Ratio

27 World Oil Reserves

28 World Oil Production/Consumption

29 Historical Oil Prices

30 Current Status Production Rate: 717,000 b/d Consumption Rate: 813,000 b/d Proved reserves: 3.6 MMM bbl R/P: 13 Years Egyptian oil demand and supply

HIGH-TECH REDNECK. Past, Present, and Future Oil Field Technologies By Allen Castleman

HIGH-TECH REDNECK. Past, Present, and Future Oil Field Technologies By Allen Castleman HIGH-TECH REDNECK Past, Present, and Future Oil Field Technologies By Allen Castleman CHINESE DRILLING The Chinese have used oil and gas for many centuries. There is no record of when the Chinese began