PRESENTATION INTEGRATED SEWAGE AND SOLID ORGANIC WASTE-T0-ENERGY PROJECT.
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1 PRESENTATION ON INTEGRATED SEWAGE AND SOLID ORGANIC WASTE-T0-ENERGY PROJECT
2 WASTE GENERATION SOURCES AND CHARACTERISTICS
3 SOURCES OF SEWAGE AND SOLID ORGANIC WASTE GENERATION SEWAGE Students Population, Teaching Staff And Dependants Auxiliary Staff And Outsiders Visitation To Campus Chapel SOLID ORGANICS General Domestic Waste Kitchen Organic Food Leftovers)
4 CURRENT HANDLING PRACTICES OF SEWAGE AND SOLID ORGANIC WASTE WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
5 SEWAGE HANDLING SEPTIC TANK COLLECTION, STORAGE, AND IMPACTS
6 Septic Tank Storage and Handling of Sewage (With Methane emission vent)
7 Septic Tank Storage and Handling of Sewage (Without Methane emission vent pipes)
8 Effect of Delays in Cesspool Emptying and Impermeable Soils
9 Aerobic Handling System
10 CHARACTERISTICS OF SEWAGE Inherent Health Hazards BACTERIA TYPES IN SEWAGE Salmonella Shigella Polioviruses Schistosoma Ova Hookworm Ova Ascaris Ova Typhoid Paratyphoid Cholera Dysentery Bacteria Bilharzias
11 Final Disposal of Sewage OFF-SITE DISPOSAL Water bodies (Rivers, Lakes, Lagoons, etc.) Sea Stabilisation ponds
12 Final Disposal of Sewage in Water Bodies: Impacts Degradation of water bodies Discharge of pathogens Reduce marine ecosystem productivity Odour Nuisance
13 CURRENT HANDLING OF SOLID WASTE AND IMPACTS
14 Municipal Solid Waste Handling Collected in steel containers and transported to : Dump sites Landfill sites Incineration NOTE: 65% of MSW is organic
15 CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLID ORGANIC WASTE Inherent Health Hazards BACTERIA TYPES IN SOLID ORGANIC WASTE Schistosoma Ova Ascaris Ova Typhoid Paratyphoid Cholera Dysentery Bacteria Malaria Parasite
16 Final Disposal of Solid Organic Waste OFF-SITE DISPOSAL Landfill Sites Dump Sites Incineration (where applicable)
17 Final Disposal of Solid Organic Waste: Impacts Degradation of the Environment Distribution of communicable Diseases Odour Nuisance
18 THE BIOGAS TECHNOLOGIES, WEST AFRICA LIMITED (BTWAL) / ANAEROBIC DIGESTION SYSTEM (ADS) SUSTAINABLE INTERGRATED APPROACH WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
19 BTWAL/ADS WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGY An integrated solid organic waste and Sewage Treatment Plant An anaerobic digestion system (ADS) with biogas generation Combines solid organic waste to increase biogas generation Sustainable by addressing sanitation, health and environmental impacts of septage and landfills Economical over time (income generation) from water recycle, use of treated effluent biogas gas utilization and use Avoidance of septic tanks installation cost Cesspool emptying and its impacts
20 Components of BTWAL/ADS Waste-to to-energy Plant The Bio-digester The Expansion Chambers Filtration Beds Treated Effluent storage Biogas Recovery Balloon Biogas end-use accessories
21 THE TECHNOLOGY The Digester (s) BIOGAS DIGESTERS UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN A WATER LOGGED AREA
22 A TYPICAL TWIN DIGESTER UNDER CONSTRUCTION
23 A COMPLETED BIOGAS DIGESTER AND FILTRATION BED
24 A COMPLETED BIOGAS DIGESTER
25 The Filtration Beds
26 A COMPLETED FILTRATION BED
27 BY-PRODUCTS OF THE BTWAL/ADS PLANTS BIOGAS EFFLUENT SLURRY
28 Biogas Capture and Storage Biogas Collection Balloon 1
29 Biogas Meters
30 12,000 Typical Monthly biogas generation Metering Data, ` - St Dominic s Hospital Plant. Akwatia, Ghana 10,000 8,000 Liters Biogas 6,000 4,000 2,000 - Dec. 94 Apr. 95 Aug. 95 D ec- 95 Apr. 96 Aug. 96 D ec- 96 Apr. 97 Aug. 97 D ec- 97 Apr. 98 Aug. 98 D ec- 98 Apr. 99 Aug. 99 D ec- 99 Apr- 00 A ug- 00 D ec- 00 PLANT NO 1 PLANT NO 2 PLANT NO 3 PLANT NO 4 PLANT NO 5 Apr- 01 A ug- 01 D ec- 01 Apr- 02 A ug- 02 D ec- 02 Apr- 03 A ug- 03
31 Typical Annual biogas generation Metering Data, ` - St Dominic s s Hospital Plant. Akwatia,, Ghana Annual Biogas Generation, Liters Biogas 100,000 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10, PLA NT NO 5 (Liters) 13,478 12,059 12,266 9,105 13,237 15,015 16,790 14,023 12,310 PLA NT NO 4 (Liters) 18, ,224 18,393 23,903 25,920 31,387 20,726 15,845 12,866 PLA NT NO 3 (Liters) 19, ,644 19,622 16,189 23,608 20,144 25,808 33,817 25,307 PLA NT NO 2 (Liters) 15,335 12,303 15,709 12,814 15,155 17,119 17,262 15,155 8,255 PLA NT NO 1 (Liters) 15, ,065 16,588 18,924 14,359 14,047 13,964 15,898 14,377
32 Annual biogas generation and Equivalent in other fuel types, St Dominic s Hospital Plant. Akwatia, Ghana Biogas Generation Equivalent to Other Fuel Types TOTAL BIOGAS (m3/year) LPG Equivalent (kg/year) LPG Equivalent (Cylinders/year) Wood Fuel Equivalent Charcoal Equivalent
33 Gas Filtration System (Hydrogen Sulphide)
34 Biogas Utilization Equipment for Gas Combustion STOVE REFRIDGERATOR ELECTRICITY GENERATOR
35 COOKING EQUIPMENT Biogas Stoves 1
36 COOKING EQUIPMENT Biogas Stove 2
37 BIOGAS REFRIDGERATOR
38 ABSORPTION DIFFUSION GAS REFRIDGERATOR
39 BIOGAS ELECTRICITY GENERATOR
40 THE TREATED EFFLUENT SLURRY Nitrogen Rich Liquid Slurry (Fertilizer)
41 THE TREATED EFFLUENT SLURRY FOR NON-CRITICAL APPLICATION W. C. FLUSHING AFFORESTATION LANDSCAPING
42 THE TREATED EFFLUENT STORAGE FOR RE-USE IN TOILETS
43 Alternative uses of Treated water for Woodlot Plantation Irrigation
44 Alternative uses of Treated water for landscaping
45 THE DIRECT ECONOMIC BENEFITS Avoidance Cost of Constructing Septic Tank Water Savings (Cistern Methods) Treated Effluent (water) Utilization Alternative Uses Water use reduction Treated Effluent for re-flushing Biogas Generation
46 Community and Health Benefits Pathogen Destruction Sanitation and Health Benefits Avoidance of odour nuisance from Septic Emptying Elimination of seasonal overflows of septic tanks
47 SURVIVAL TIME OF PATHOGENS IN BIOGAS PLANTS (ANAEROBIC DIGESTION) BACTERIA THEMOPHILIC FERMENTATION o C Fatality Days Rate (% ) MESOPHILIC FERMENTATION o C Fatality Days Rate (% ) Salmonella Shigella Poliviruses Schistosoma Ova Hours Hookworm Ova Ascaris Ova Typhoid Para yphoid 10 days Cholera Dysentery Bacteria Bilharzia
48 c) Effluent Water Quality Analysis Sample Code: VALLEY VIEW UNIVERSITY Sample Size: 2 Litres Sampling Date: 13/8/2004 Date of Report: 21/8/2004 Sampling Time: a.m a.m. Date of Analysis: /8/2004 Source/Purpose: Valley View Effluent Quality Evaluation Parameters Temperature ( o C) PH Conductivity (µs/cm) Dept Salinity (%) Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) COD (mgo 2 /l) BOD (mgo 2 /l) Sulphate (mg/l) Nitrate-Nitrogen (mg/l) Iron (mg/l) Ammonium Nitrogen Total coliforms (MPN/100 ml) Zinc Lead Site 1:BIOGAS Effluent meters E.P.A. Guideline Values <3 o C above ambient *Exceeds Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Quality Guidelines Submitted by MR. EMMANUEL APPOH (ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTIST) E. P. A.
49
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