Feasible Solutions for Application of the Biogas Production from the Agriculture Waste in Armenia

Transcription

1 RA Ministry of Nature Protection Development of Armenia s Fourth National Communication to the UNFCCC and Second Biennial Update Report UNDP-GEF/ Project and Czech Trust Fund Feasible Solutions for Application of the Biogas Production from the Agriculture Waste in Armenia Armenia Marriott Hotel, Ararat 1 Hall

2 BIOGAS OPPORTUNITY FOR ARMENIA Jan Pavlík UNDP Armenia,

3 Biogas plants 3

4 Why to utilize biogas? Purchase guarantee FIT (Feed In Tariff) Production of electricity and heat and their own consumption for energy saving Utilization of organic wastes Production of natural fertilizer for agriculture Synergies with other farm processes Stabilization of company economics - source of income Eco-friendly (CC mitigation arrangement) 4

5 Biogas plant what does it mean? 5

6 BGP scheme 6

7 The origin of the biogas Biogas production is implemented in anaerobic systems. This is a controlled process of biogas production from different types anaerobic microorganisms where the quantitate ratio between each other depends on the materials forming them as well as from рн, the temperature and influences the methane formation process. According to the current knowledge four successive respectively parallel running biochemical processes are differentiated leading to anaerobic decomposition of organic matter 7

8 4 phases of methane-genezis Hydrolysis During hydrolysis biopolymers are decomposed to monomeric building blocks or other dissolvable basic products. Fats decompose to fatty acids, carbon hydrates as for example polysaccharides are transformed in monosaccharides or oligosaccharides and the proteins in pectins, respectively to amino acids, i.e. the biopolymers in long chains are converted in short chains. Catalyst of this reactions are certain anaerobic microorganisms which acting as reagents hydrolyze the exoenzymes. Acidogenesis Within the acidogenesis /or fermentation/, which starts immediately after the hydrolysis, simple monomers are converted into fatty and carbon acids, as for example butyric, propionic and acetic acid, then in lower alcohols - ethanol. Acetogenesis A biological reaction where the lower fatty and carbone acids as well as the lower alcohols are converted in acetic acid. Methanogenesis A biological reaction where the acetic acids are converted in methane 8

9 Types of BGP 9

10 CCF ( circle in circle ) => Heat utilization, subsequent increase in performance Thermophilic operation (control of temperature optima, heat consumption) Mixing system (more intense) Possibility of additional power boost 10

11 CCF ( circle in circle ) => Reduce costs (construction, technology) Lower construction costs (soft membrane cover of the digester) Lower cost of technology (mixer PD) The larger gas tank capacity 11

12 SF ( separate digester ) => Low powers, atypical solution For low power Versatility Single-stage fermentation Integrated gas tank 12

13 What is needed for BGP 13

14 Minimun requirements on raw materials Min. raw materials for BGP 250kW 500pcs cows 800pcs pigs Min raw materials for BGP 40kW 150 pcs cows 300 pcs pigs Individual combinations of substrates according to farm production (beet pulp, grains, grass silage, manure, etc....) In general waste from agricultural, food and feed production 14

15 CHP unit gas engine with generator 15

16 Biogas yield Type of input Dry matter content Organics in dry matter Average yield of biogas Average yield of biogas Specific el. energy production (%) (%) (m3/t org.dry.matt) (m3/t) (kwhe/t) Solid cow manure Poultry manure Beet silage Grass silage Dry grass silage (hay) Corn silage Liquid cow manure Pig manure

17 Investment costs 17

18 Investment costs Based on data from hundreds of projects it can be estimated 4500 EUR per 1kWe installed It means approx AMD/1kWe installed (ex. rate 563 AMD/EUR) 40kW plant will cost approx EUR/ AMD 250kW plant will cost approx EUR/ AMD 18

19 Specific conditions in Armenia Greenhouse BGP Mainly tomato and cucumber production Usually 2 harvests 270 t of waste per 1 ha of production + utilization of all heat production - lower space for installation Livestock BGP Cattle, pig, poultry production Big farms average 400 pcs + space for installation + capability to utilize fertilizer in case of fields planting operation - Lower demand for heat (except poultry) Natural gas price 101 AMD/m3 Electricity price 48 AMD/kWh Feed in tarrif 42,645 AMD/kWh 19

20 Case study 40kWe in small greenhouse 1 ha of production greenhouse, 270 t/year of green waste 270 x 157 = m3 of biogas (approx AMD spared in NG) 270 x 343= kwh/y of electricity; AMD with FIT 42,645 AMD/kWhe Investment approx EUR/ AMD Income from spared gas + electricity sold + spared/sold fertilizer gives simple payback around 10 years Potential for higher production by mixing with manure (purchased from low cost from the neighbourhood farms) Lower construction works costs (44 % of costs!) The results could be payback period around 8 9 years 20

21 Example BGP Vrahovice, Czech Republic 21

22 Basic data investor: ZD Vrahovice start of construction 11/2011 cold start 08/2012 warm start co-generation unit JENBACHER declared power: 558kW Feedstock Pig manure Corn silage Beet pulp 22

23 Digester 23

24 Digester, feed-in system 24

25 Digester 25

26 Agitators ARMATEC 26

27 Agitators PAULMICHL 27

28 The inner space of the solid feedstock feed-in system FLIEGL POLYPRO 30 +RONDOMAT 28

29 Conveyer screws of feed-in system 29

30 The pumping center 30

31 Gas tank Digester with integrated gas tank Volume: m3 Working pressure: 500 Pa Safety pressure: 650 Pa Membrane diameter: 29,27 m 31

32 Gas tank - detail 32

33 Gas tank 33

34 Separator 34

35 Operation building 35

36 CHP Jenbacher 36

37 Software BGP 37

38 Gas analyzer SIEMENS 38

39 Heat distribution 39

40 The residual gas burner 40

41 Conclusion Improvement of environment Guaranteed purchase price Longterm income stability of the company Average payback period Low developer market with technology, service availability etc. Tool how to reach country targets in CC/RES 41

42 Thank you for your attention. Ing. Jan Pavlík Division director ENVIROS, s.r.o. Dykova 53/10, Praha 10, Česká republika (+420)