Table of Contents Green Associate Study Guide LEED v4 First Edition

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CHAPTER 1 1 Introductory conversations into sustainable design and construction and the associated benefits of the roles of the LEED AP and LEED rating systems Introduction 1 About the Studio4 LEED

CHAPTER 2 11 An analysis between traditional design and construction practice versus green building strategies and the environmental impacts associated with each Green Buildings and Communities 11

1 CHAPTER 1 1 Introductory conversations into sustainable design and construction and the associated benefits of the roles of the LEED AP and LEED rating systems Introduction 1 About the Studio4 LEED Green Associate Study Guide 2 The Studio4 LEED Green Associate Study Guide Format 2 A Bit of Housekeeping 4 A Bit of Study Advice 5 Commentaries: the Value of LEED 5 Recommended Reference Links 5 CHAPTER 2 11 An analysis between traditional design and construction practice versus green building strategies and the environmental impacts associated with each Green Buildings and Communities 11 Green Building: Past, Present, Future 12 Green Building Core Principles 13 Traditional Thinking 13 Sustainable Thinking 14 Green Building Benefits 15 Economic Benefits 15 Social Benefits 15 Environmental Benefits 15 The Triple Bottom Line 16 Climate Change and Sustainable Communities 16 Green Building Costs 17 Hard Costs 17 Soft Costs 17 Life Cycle Costing 17 Value Engineering 17 Green Building Core Design Principles 18 The Sustainable Structure of Green Design 18 Integrated Design Approach 19 The Building Program 19 Design Flexibility for the Future 19 Location, Location, Location 20 Credit Interactions 21 Building Commissioning 21 Operations & Maintenance Program 22 Energy Audit 22 iii

2 Green Codes 23 Green Building Incentive Strategies 23 The Smarter Approach 23 Chapter Recap 23 Recommended Reference Links 25 CHAPTER 3 27 A review of the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI), Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and the processes required for, and associated with, LEED certification USGBC, GBCI & LEED 27 Introduction 28 U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) 28 USGBC s Mission 28 USGBC s Vision 28 Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI) 29 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) 29 USGBC s Guiding Principles 30 The Goals of LEED 30 The Flexibility of LEED 30 The Benefits of LEED Certification 30 The Benefits of LEED Accreditation 30 Accreditation vs Certification 31 LEED Rating Systems 31 Rating System Organization 32 LEED for Building Design and Construction 33 LEED for Interior Design and Construction 33 LEED for Building Operations and Maintenance 33 LEED for Neighborhood Development 33 Choosing Between LEED Rating Systems 35 Multiple Certifications 36 LEED Reference Guides 36 Reference Guide Structure 36 Minimum Program Requirements (MPRs) 38 Impact Category and Point Allocation 38 Credit Harmonization 39 Credit Synergies and Trade-offs 39 LEED Pilot Credit Library 39 LEED Committees 39 Project Certification Process 40 Credit Interpretation Ruling (CIR) 44 LEED Interpretations 44 iv

3 Alternative Compliance Path (ACP) 44 Global Alternative Compliance Paths (Global ACP) 44 LEED Credentialing & Credential Maintenance 44 USGBC Trademark Policy and GBCI Logo Guidelines 45 Recommended Reference Links 48 CHAPTER 4 51 A review of the Integrative Design Process that gives teams an opportunity to be rewarded for holding charrettes, having a certain number of team meetings, conducting a thorough site assessment and having a LEED AP as a team member Integrative Process (IP) 51 Integrative Process (IP) Credit Matrix 52 Integrative Process (IP) Overview 52 Integrative Process (IP) Prerequisite and Credit 53 Integrated Design Process 54 Holistic, Whole Building Design Objectives 55 Key Project Team Stakeholders and Disciplines 57 Design and Construction Phase Plan 58 Design Charrette 58 Credit Interactions 59 Building Commissioning 59 The Systems Thinking Approach 60 The Goal 60 Systems Thinking Approach 60 Systems Thinking 60 Systems 61 Leverage 66 Measuring Sustainable Building Performance 67 The Life Cycle Approach 67 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) 67 Life Cycle Costing (LCC) 68 Externalities and the Environment 69 Planning for the End Game 69 Integrative Process (IP) Referenced Standards 71 Integrative Process (IP) Related Synergies and Trade-offs 71 Integrative Process (IP) Related Terms 71 Integrative Process (IP) Chapter Recap 71 Integrative Process (IP) Recommended Reference Links 73 Studio4 Project: IP Schematic Design Phase 74 v

4 CHAPTER 5 77 The sustainable goals of the Location & Transportation category addresses the site location relative to existing infrastructure, services, and transportation Location and Transportation (LT) 77 Location and Transportation (LT) Credit Matrix 78 Location and Transportation (LT) Overview 78 Location and Transportation (LT) Category Goals & Objectives 79 Location and Transportation (LT) Category Documentation/Cross-Cutting Issues 80 Location and Transportation (LT) Strategies 82 Site Assessment 82 Locate in a LEED for Neighborhood Development Location 82 Sensitive Land Protection 83 High Priority Site 84 Surrounding Density and Diverse Uses 84 Access to Quality Transit 86 Bicycle Facilities 86 Reduced Parking Footprint 88 Green Vehicles 89 Location and Transportation (LT) Triple Bottom Line 90 Location and Transportation (LT) Referenced Standards 91 Location and Transportation (LT) Related Synergies and Trade-offs 91 Location and Transportation (LT) Related Terms 91 Location and Transportation (LT) Chapter Recap 92 Location and Transportation (LT) Recommended Reference Links 95 Studio4 Project: LT Schematic Design Phase 96 CHAPTER The sustainable goals of the Sustainable Sites category addresses the development of and construction on the project site Sustainable Sites (SS) 101 Sustainable Sites (SS) Credit Matrix 102 Sustainable Sites (SS) Overview 102 Sustainable Sites (SS) Category Goals & Objectives 103 Sustainable Sites (SS) Category Documentation/Cross-Cutting Issues 103 Sustainable Sites (SS) Strategies 104 Site Assessment 104 Construction Activity Pollution Prevention 105 Environmental Site Assessment (Schools and Healthcare) 105 Site Development Protect or Restore Habitat 106 Open Space 106 vi

5 Rainwater Management 107 Light Pollution Reduction 111 Site Master Plan (Schools only) 114 Joint Use of Facilities (Schools only) 114 Tenant Design and Construction Guidelines (Core and Shell only) 115 Places of Respite and Direct Exterior Access (Healthcare only) 115 Sustainable Sites (SS) Triple Bottom Line 116 Sustainable Sites (SS) Referenced Standards 117 Sustainable Sites (SS) Related Synergies and Trade-offs 117 Sustainable Sites (SS) Related Terms 117 Sustainable Sites (SS) Chapter Recap 118 Sustainable Sites (SS) Chapter Recommended Reference Links 121 Studio4 Project: SS Schematic Design Phase 122 CHAPTER The sustainable goals of the Water Efficiency category address the following areas: Indoor potable water reduction; outdoor potable water reduction; water efficiency as a teaching tool Water Efficiency (WE) 127 Water Efficiency (WE) Credit Matrix 128 Water Efficiency (WE) Overview 128 Water Efficiency (WE) Category Goals & Objectives 129 Water Efficiency (WE) Category Documentation/Cross-Cutting Issues 130 Water Efficiency (WE) Strategies 130 Outdoor Water Use Reduction 130 Indoor Water Use Reduction 132 Fixture and Fitting Types 133 Cooling Tower Water Use 134 Metering Water Use 135 Water Efficiency (WE) Triple Bottom Line 137 Water Efficiency (WE) Referenced Standards 137 Water Efficiency (WE) Related Synergies and Trade-offs 138 Water Efficiency (WE) Related Terms 138 Water Efficiency (WE) Chapter Recap 139 Water Efficiency (WE) Recommended Reference Links 142 Studio4 Project: WE Schematic Design Phase 144 vii

6 CHAPTER The sustainable goals of the Energy and Atmosphere category address the following areas: reducing energy demand; increasing energy efficiency; managing refrigerants; renewable energy; ongoing energy performance Energy and Atmosphere (EA) 147 Energy and Atmosphere (EA) Credit Matrix 148 Energy and Atmosphere (EA) Overview 148 Energy and Atmosphere (EA) Category Goals & Objectives 150 Energy and Atmosphere (EA) Category Documentation/Cross-Cutting Issues 150 Energy and Atmosphere (EA) Strategies 150 Designing the Building 150 Reducing Energy Demand 151 Passive and thermal design 151 Demand Response 151 Energy Audits, Assessments, and Monitoring 152 Increasing Energy Efficiency and Performance 154 Energy Simulation 154 Using Alternative Energy Sources 155 Renewable Energy Generation 156 Investing in Alternative Energy Sources 157 Managing Refrigerants 158 Ensuring Energy Efficiency and Ongoing Performance 160 Commissioning 160 Metering Energy Use 162 Building-Level Energy Metering 162 Advanced Energy Metering 162 Energy and Atmosphere (EA) Referenced Standards 163 Energy and Atmosphere (EA) Related Synergies and Trade-offs 164 Energy and Atmosphere (EA) Related Terms 164 Energy and Atmosphere (EA) Chapter Recap 166 Energy and Atmosphere (EA) Recommended Reference Links 169 Studio4 Project: EA Schematic Design Phase 171 CHAPTER The sustainable goals of the Materials and Resources category address the following areas: sustainable construction and materials selection; waste management Materials and Resources (MR) 175 Materials and Resources (MR) Credit Matrix 176 Materials and Resources (MR) Overview 176 The Stages of Waste Hierarchy 176 viii

7 Life Cycle Thinking and Assessment 177 Materials and Resources (MR) Category Goals & Objectives 179 Materials and Resources (MR) Category Documentation/Cross-Cutting Issues 179 Materials and Resources (MR) Strategies 179 Designing the Building 180 Material Sourcing 181 Defining Sustainable Products and Materials 181 Furniture and Medical Furnishings (Healthcare only) 183 Design for Flexibility (Healthcare only) 183 Sustainable Purchasing Policies and Plans 183 Toxic Source Reduction (Healthcare only) 185 Materials and Resources (MR) Triple Bottom Line 186 Materials and Resources (MR) Referenced Standards 187 Materials and Resources (MR) Related Synergies and Trade-offs 187 Materials and Resources (MR) Related Terms 187 Materials and Resources (MR) Chapter Recap 189 Materials and Resources (MR) Recommended Reference Links 192 Studio4 Project: MR Schematic Design Phase 193 CHAPTER The sustainable goals of the Indoor Environmental Quality category address the following areas: indoor air quality; thermal comfort, lighting and acoustics Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) 197 Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) Credit Matrix 198 Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) Overview 198 Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) Category Goals & Objectives 200 Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) Category Documentation/Cross-Cutting Issues 200 Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) Strategies 200 Designing the Building 201 Protecting the Building During Construction 201 Protecting the Building After Construction and Before Occupancy 201 Source Control 202 Low-Emitting Materials 202 Ventilation 203 Occupant Comfort 204 Thermal 204 Lighting 205 Daylight 206 Views 206 Acoustics 207 Occupant Comfort Survey 207 ix

8 Green Cleaning and IPM Policies 207 Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) Triple Bottom Line 207 Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) Referenced Standards 208 Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) Related Synergies and Trade-offs 208 Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) Related Terms 209 Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) Chapter Recap 210 Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) Recommended Reference Links 214 Studio4 Project: EQ Schematic Design Phase 215 CHAPTER The Innovation in Design credit category awards bonus points for projects that use new and innovative technologies and strategies to improve a building s performance Innovation (IN) 219 Innovation (IN) Credit Matrix 220 Innovation (IN) Overview 220 Innovation (IN) Category Goals & Objectives 221 Innovation (IN) Category Documentation/Cross-Cutting Issues 221 Innovation Descriptions 221 Innovation 221 Exemplary Performance 221 Innovation Strategies 221 Innovation (IN) Recommended Reference Links 222 Studio4 Project: IN Schematic Design Phase 223 CHAPTER USGBC has identified environmental concerns that are important for every region of the country and offers bonus points for credits that address those regional priorities Regional Priority (RP) 225 Regional Priority (RP) Credit Matrix 226 Regional Priority (RP) Overview 226 Regional Priority (RP) Category Goals & Objectives 226 Regional Priority (RP) Category Documentation/Cross-Cutting Issues 226 Regional Priority (RP) Category Strategies 226 Regional Priority (RP) Recommended Reference Links 226 Studio4 Project: RP Schematic Design Phase 227 x

9 CHAPTER For professionals who support green building design, construction, and operations, the LEED Green Associate credential denotes basic knowledge of green building principles and practices, and LEED LEED Green Associate Exam 231 Exam Overview 232 What you NEED to know 232 What you SHOULD know 232 General Codes 232 IP Category 234 LT Category 234 SS Category 235 WE Category 236 EA Category 237 MR Category 238 EQ Category 240 Exam Study Tips 241 CHAPTER Acronyms, abbreviations and definitions that may be unfamiliar or have specific meanings in the context of sustainability and green building Acronyms and Glossary of Terms 243 Acronyms & Abbreviations 244 Glossary of Terms 251 Integrative Process (IP) Category 251 Location and Transportation (LT) Category 253 Sustainable Sites (SS) Category 259 Water Efficiency (WE) Category 262 Energy and Atmosphere (EA) Category 268 Materials and Resources (MR) Category 274 Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) Category 283 xi

10 CHAPTER Additional resources, referenced and not referenced throughout this study guide Appendix 289 Rating System Matrix: IP - EA 290 Rating System Matrix: MR - RP 291 Fundamental Commissioning and Verification 292 Enhanced Commissioning 294 Commissioning Activities (Cx) 296 Commissioning Authority (CxA) 297 Integrative Process (IP) Referenced Standards 298 Location and Transportation (LT) Referenced Standards 299 Sustainable Sites (SS) Chapter Referenced Standards 300 Water Efficiency (WE) Referenced Standards 302 Energy and Atmosphere (EA) Referenced Standards 303 Materials and Resources (MR) Referenced Standards 305 Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) Referenced Standards 309 Integrative Process (IP) Related Synergies and Trade-offs 314 Location and Transportation (LT) Related Synergies and Trade-offs 315 Sustainable Sites (SS) Related Synergies and Trade-offs 316 Water Efficiency (WE) Related Synergies and Trade-offs 319 Energy and Atmosphere (EA) Related Synergies and Trade-offs 320 Materials and Resources (MR) Related Synergies and Trade-offs 322 Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) Related Synergies and Trade-offs 324 xii

Synergies & Trade-offs: IP category

Synergies & Trade-offs: IP category Integrative Process (IP) Related Synergies and Trade-offs IPc Integrative Process LTc Access to Quality Transit LTc Reduced Parking Footprint SSc Heat Island Reduction