TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... ES-1

Transcription

1 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... ES-1 ES Introduction and Background... ES-1 ES Purpose and Need of the Proposed Action... ES-1 ES Proposed Action... ES-2 ES Decision to be Made... ES-2 ES Public Scoping... ES-2 ES Alternatives... ES-3 ES Summary of Potentially Significant Impacts... ES-4 Land Use... ES-5 Air Quality... ES-6 Noise... ES-6 Traffic and Transportation... ES-6 Water Resources... ES-6 Geology and Soils... ES-6 Biological Resources... ES-7 Cultural Resources... ES-7 Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste... ES-8 Wildfires... ES-8 ES Cumulative Impacts... ES-8 ES Mitigation... ES-8 CHAPTER 1 PURPOSE, NEED, AND SCOPE Purpose of and Need for the Proposed Action Introduction National Security Strategy Quadrennial Defense Review National Military Strategy Army Training Strategy Determining Training and Resource Requirements Range Planning Process Range Complex Master Plan Range Development Plan Determining Training Support Infrastructure Requirements (Roads and Utilities) Background for this Final EIS Current Military Use of PTA Purpose for the Proposed Action Need for the Proposed Action Scope of the Analysis NEPA Process Decision(s) to be Made i

2 1.6.3 Cooperating Agencies Public Involvement Scoping Draft PEIS Public Hearings Organizational Structure of the Final EIS CHAPTER 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES Introduction Infantry Platoon Battle Course (IPBC) IPBC Construction Access Road ROCA IPBC with Objectives IPBC Operation Travel to PTA Arrival at Cantonment Area Live-Fire Training Operational Description Weapons, Ammunition, and Aiming Devices Site-Specific IPBC Screening Criteria Location Mission Support Sustainability Cost and Time IPBC Alternatives Considered but Eliminated IPBC Selection Criteria Location and Technical Viability Range Design and Area Capacity IPBC Alternative Considered but Eliminated After Publication of the Draft PEIS IPBC Alternatives Carried Forward: Western Range Area (Preferred Alternative) and Charlie Circle IPBC Alternatives No Action Alternative (No IPBC) Alternative 1: IPBC at Western Range Area Alternative 2: Charlie Circle CHAPTER 3 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT Introduction Land Use and Recreation Introduction and Region of Influence Applicable Statutes and Regulations PTA Range Area Cantonment Area Land Uses Surrounding PTA ii

3 3.2 Airspace Definition of Resource Airspace ROI PTA Range Area PTA Cantonment Area Visual Resources Introduction and Region of Influence General Plan for the County of Hawai i Landscape Character of the PTA Range Area Landscape Character of the Cantonment Area Land Character Surrounding PTA Sensitive Views Air Quality Introduction and Region of Influence Air Quality Standards Air Quality Designations Clean Air Act Conformity Climate Change / Greenhouse Gas Emissions Climate and Meteorology Monitoring Data PTA Range Area PTA Cantonment Area Noise Noise Effects, Standards, and Guidelines Cantonment Area Noise Surrounding PTA Traffic and Transportation Introduction Public Roads Region of Influence Safety Governing Requirements PTA Range Area Cantonment Area Water Resources Introduction and Region of Influence Regulatory Environment PTA Range Area Cantonment Area Water Resources Surrounding PTA Geology and Soil Resources Introduction and Region of Influence PTA Range Area Cantonment Area iii

4 3.8.4 Geology and Soil Resources Surrounding PTA Biological Resources Introduction Regulatory Framework Conservation Programs PTA Range Area Biological Resource Uses Surrounding PTA Cultural Resources Introduction Region of Influence Native Hawaiian History and Tradition Historic Overview Pōhakuloa Training Area PTA Range Area Cantonment Area Cultural Resources Surrounding PTA Hazardous Material / Hazardous Waste Introduction and Region of Influence PTA Range Area Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Material Surrounding PTA Depleted Uranium Introduction and Region of Influence Health Risks of DU Army Use of DU Socioeconomics and Environmental Justice Introduction / Region of Influence Population Characteristics Economic Characteristics Housing and Community Services Protection of Children Public Services and Utilities Cantonment Area Introduction and Region of Influence Public Services and Utilities Surrounding PTA Wildfires Introduction and Region of Influence PTA Range Area Wildfires Surrounding PTA Sustainability Federal Regulations and Policies Army and USAG-HI Regulations and Policies Baseline Energy Usage at PTA CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES Introduction iv

5 4.1 Land Use and Recreation Impact Methodology Factors Considered for Determining Significance Alternative 1: IPBC at Western Range Area Alternative 2: IPBC at Charlie Circle No Action Alternative (No IPBC) Airspace Impact Methodology Factors Considered for Determining Significance Alternative 1: IPBC at Western Range Area Alternative 2: IPBC at Charlie Circle No Action Alternative (No IPBC) Visual Resources Impact Methodology Factors Considered for Determining Significance Alternative 1: IPBC at Western Range Area Alternative 2: IPBC at Charlie Circle No Action Alternative (No IPBC) Air Quality Impact Methodology Factors Considered for Determining Significance Alternative 1: IPBC at Western Range Area Alternative 2: IPBC at Charlie Circle No Action Alternative (No IPBC) Noise Impact Methodology Factors Considered for Determining Significance Noise Surrounding PTA (regarding live-fire training) Alternative 1: IPBC at Western Range Area Alternative 2: IPBC at Charlie Circle No Action Alternative (No IPBC) Traffic and Transportation Impact Methodology Factors Considered for Determining Significance Alternative 1: IPBC at Western Range Area Alternative 2: IPBC at Charlie Circle No Action (No IPBC) Water Resources Impact Methodology Factors Considered for Determining Significance Alternative 1: IPBC at Western Range Area Alternative 2: IPBC at Charlie Circle No Action Alternative (No IPBC) Geology and Soils v

6 4.8.1 Impact Methodology Factors Considered for Determining Significance Alternative 1: IPBC at Western Range Area Alternative 2: IPBC at Charlie Circle No Action Alternative (No IPBC) Biological Resources Impact Methodology Factors Considered for Determining Significance General Range Area Alternative 1: IPBC at Western Range Area Alternative 2: IPBC at Charlie Circle No Action Alternative (No IPBC) Cultural Resources Impact Methodology Factors Considered For Determining Significance Alternative 1: IPBC at Western Range Area Alternative 2: IPBC at Charlie Circle No Action Alternative (No IPBC) Hazardous Waste/Hazardous Materials Impact Methodology Factors Considered for Determining Significance Alternative 1: IPBC at Western Range Area Alternative 2: IPBC at Charlie Circle No Action Alternative (No IPBC) Depleted Uranium Impact Methodology Factors Considered for Determining Significance Alternative 1: IPBC at Western Range Area Alternative 2: IPBC at Charlie Circle No Action Alternative (No IPBC) Socioeconomics and Environmental Justice Impact Methodology Factors Considered for Determining Significance Alternatives 1 and 2: IPBC Construction and Operation No Action Alternative (No IPBC) Public Services and Utilities Impact Methodology Factors Considered for Determining Significance Alternative 1: IPBC at Western Range Area Alternative 2: IPBC at Charlie Circle No Action Alternative (No IPBC) Wildfires Impact Methodology Factors Considered for Determining Significance vi

7 Alternative 1: IPBC at Western Range Area Alternative 2: IPBC at Charlie Circle No Action Alternative (No IPBC) Sustainability Impact Methodology Factors Considered for Determining Significance Alternative 1: IPBC at Western Range Area Alternative 2: IPBC at Charlie Circle No Action Alternative (No IPBC) Summary of Potentially Significant Impacts Mitigation Summary CHAPTER 5 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS Introduction Methodology for Considering and Analyzing Cumulative Effects Past, Present, and Reasonably Foreseeable Future Projects Effect on MMR Project Descriptions Cumulative Impacts and Summary Table Cumulative Impacts Summary Table Resource Areas Summary of Cumulative Impacts CHAPTER 6 OTHER REQUIRED ANALYSES Introduction Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts Relationship Between Local Short-Term Uses of the Environment and Long-Term Productivity Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources CHAPTER 7 REFERENCES References CHAPTER 8 CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION Consultation and Coordination U.S. Army Federal Agencies State Agencies CHAPTER 9 LIST OF PREPARERS Preparers U.S. Army AScIS Booz Allen Hamilton vii

8 CHAPTER 10 ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND MEASUREMENTS Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Measurements Acronyms and Abbreviations Measurements CHAPTER 11 GLOSSARY OF TERMS Terms LIST OF TABLES Table ES-1. Summary of Potential Impacts... ES-5 Table Training Areas Defined Table Direct Fire Ranges at PTA Table SBCT Training at PTA Table RIMPAC Exercises Planned at PTA Table Topics of Concern Received on the Draft PEIS Table IPBC Targetry Features Table Estimated Total IBCT Annual Ammunition Expenditures at the IPBC Table Estimated Total SBCT Ammunition Expenditures at the IPBC Table Total CAB Annual Ammunition Expenditures at the IPBC Table Additional Ammunition Expenditures at the IPBC Table IPBC Alternatives Screening and Selection Criteria Table Alternative IPBC Locations Eliminated From Full Analysis Table IPBC Alternative Considered but Eliminated After Publication of the Draft EIS Table Comparison of Restrictions and Benefits for the Western Range Area Alternative and Charlie Circle Alternative Table Land Ownership at PTA Table PTA Airspace Table State and National Primary Standards Applicable in Hawai i Table Land Use Planning Guidelines Table Compatible Land Use Guidelines Table Small Arms Utilization Existing Conditions Table Large Arms Utilization Existing Conditions (Day and Night) Table LOS and Volume/Capacity Ratio on Two-lane Roadways Table PTA Bird Species Table Listed Bird Species at PTA Table Listed Plant Species at PTA Table Listed Wildlife Species at PTA Table Actual Number of Listed Plants in the Proposed Western Range Area Alternative Table Actual Number of Listed Plants in the Proposed Charlie Circle Alternative Table Sample of Previous Archaeological Studies Conducted at PTA Table Archaeological Site Types and Count at PTA Table Exposure Variables for Receptors at PTA Table Estimates of Radiological Dose and Risk Assessments (based upon estimated 714 rounds of DU-containing munitions items at PTA) viii

9 Table Total Population for the ROI and Percent Change Table Percentage of the Population Below the Poverty Line Table Racial Distribution of Population Surrounding PTA Table Per Capita Income in the ROI Table Principal Employers, County of Hawai i (2009) Table Annual Average Unemployment Table Percentage of Population Below the Poverty Line Table Employment by Industry Sector (Nation) Table Total Housing Units within the ROI Table Fire Prevention Policies for Army Training Areas in Hawai i Table Vegetation Fuels Classification Table Wildfire Areas and Prevention Analysis at PTA Table Pre-Suppression Priorities for Locations on PTA Table Fire Danger Class System for PTA Table Fire Danger Class System Training Restrictions Table Wind Speed Criteria Used on PTA Table DoD and USAG-HI Sustainability Goal Matrix Table FY07 to FY10 Water Consumption at PTA Table Baseline GHG Emissions for PTA (in MT of CO2e) Table GHG Emissions Factors from Employee Commuting Table Land Use Impact Summary Table Airspace Impact Summary Table Visual Resources Impact Summary Table Air Quality Impact Summary Table Annual Fugitive Dust Emissions Estimated from Construction of IPBC (in tons per year) Table Annual Exhaust Emissions Estimated from Construction Vehicles and Equipment Used During the Construction of IPBC Table Annual Emissions Estimated from Munitions Use at the IPBC (in tpy) Table Annual Commuting Personnel Emissions (in Tons per year) Table Annual Commuting Personnel GHG Emissions (MT/year) Table Annual Commuting Personnel Emissions (in Tons per year) Table Annual Commuting Personnel GHG Emissions (MT) Table Noise Impact Summary Table Rotary Wing Overflight Annoyance Potential Table Traffic and Transportation Impact Summary Table Water Resources Impact Summary Table Geology and Soils Impact Summary Table Biological Resources Impact Summary Table Cultural Resources Impact Summary Table Hazards Eliminated from Analysis Table Hazardous Waste Impact Summary Table Depleted Uranium Impact Summary Table Socioeconomics Impact Summary ix

10 Table Public Services and Utilities Impact Summary Table Wildfires Impact Summary Table Sustainability Impact Summary Table IPBC Power Requirements Table Summary of Potential Impacts Table Summary of Mitigation Measures Table Projects on the Island of Hawaiʻi Implemented in the Past, Present, and Reasonably Foreseeable Future Table Summary of Potential Cumulative Impacts LIST OF FIGURES Figure Map showing PTA on Hawai i Island Figure Existing direct fire ranges and training areas at PTA Figure Visual simulation of the North Road and Objective A from the range control tower Figure Visual simulation of the North Road and Objective B Figure Picture of a typical range control tower Figure Picture of a typical operations and storage building Figure Picture of a training classroom and briefing room Figure Picture of a covered mess Figure Picture of an ammunition breakdown building Figure Conceptual drawing of the IPBC ROCA Figure Enhanced IPBC (objectives still in design phase) Figure Standard design of an IPBC (TC 25-8) Figure IPBC enhanced design overlayed with the standard design Figure Eight alternative IPBC sites considered at PTA Figure IPBC Western Range Area and Charlie Circle Alternatives Figure IPBC enhanced design overlay on the Western Range Area (Preferred Alternative) Figure Terrain of the Western Range Area Alternative showing an a ā flow Figure Panoramic view of Western Range Area Alternative Figure IPBC enhanced design overlay on Charlie Circle Alternative Figure Panoramic view of Charlie Circle Alternative Figure Land ownership map of PTA and surrounding areas Figure Airspace Classification Figure Airspace over PTA Figure PTA monitoring sites ( ) Figure Weighted decibel values from example noise sources Figure Existing conditions PTA small arms noise contour Figure Existing conditions PTA large arms noise contour Figure Saddle Road realignment including upgrades surrounding PTA Figure Geology of PTA and the surrounding Saddle Region Figure USGS Lava Hazard Zones at PTA Figure Land and soil types at PTA Figure Vegetation types at PTA x

11 Figure Occurrences for federally-listed bird species and the Hawaiian hoary bat at PTA Figure Protected habitat at PTA Figure Biologists surveying the Western Range Area Alternative Figure Listed plant species identified in the Western Range Area Alternative Figure Federally protected Kadua coriacea Figure APE for the proposed IPBC at the Western Range Area and Charlie Circle Alternatives Figure Recorded archaeological sensitivity areas at PTA Figure Archaeological resources identified in Phase I surveys Figure Cave observed during surveys of the Western Range Area Alternative Figure Fire management facilities Figure Fire access road system Figure Projected small arms noise exposure at IPBC Western Range Area Alternative Figure Projected cumulative demolitions and large arms noise exposure at IPBC Western Range Area Alternative Figure Projected small arms noise exposure at IPBC Charlie Circle Alternative Figure Projected cumulative demolitions and large arms noise exposure at IPBC Charlie Circle Alternative Figure IPBC design overlay on listed plant species at the Western Range Area Alternative Figure IPBC design overlay on listed plant species at Charlie Circle Alternative Figure IPBC design overlay on archaeological sites at the Western Range Area Alternative Figure Enlargement of the IPBC design overlay on archaeological sites at Western Range Area Alternative (western portion) Figure Enlargement of the IPBC design overlay on archaeological sites at Western Range Area Alternative (eastern portion) Figure IPBC design overlay on archaeological sites at Charlie Circle Figure Identified MEC/UXO at the Western Range Area Alternative Figure Identified MEC/UXO at the Charlie Circle Alternative Figure DU RCA buffer and surface danger zones at the PTA impact area in relation to the Western Range Area and Charlie Circle Alternatives xi