Draft Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Joint Military Training Environmental Impact Statement/ Overseas Environmental Impact Statement

Transcription

1 Draft Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Joint Military Training Environmental Impact Statement/ Overseas Environmental Impact Statement Table of Contents ABSTRACT... A 1 READERS GUIDE... ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS... GLOSSARY... EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... ES 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION WHY AND HOW THE U.S. MILITARY TRAINS STATUTORY MISSION WHY THE U.S. MILITARY TRAINS HOW TRAINING IS CONDUCTED PURPOSE OF AND NEED FOR THE PROPOSED ACTION INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES STUDY QUADRENNIAL DEFENSE REVIEW RE BALANCE TO THE PACIFIC THE 2+2 STATEMENTS OF APRIL 2012 AND OCT TRAINING NEEDS ASSESSMENT TRAINING REQUIREMENTS AND SITING STUDY QUADRENNIAL DEFENSE REVIEW THE MARIANA ISLANDS BACKGROUND COMMONWEALTH OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS MILITARY LEASE AREAS COMMONWEALTH OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS MILITARY TRAINING ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW PROCESS AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW PROCESS PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT Notice of Intent Public Scoping Comment Period Draft EIS/OEIS Final EIS/OEIS Record of Decision i

2 1.5.3 AGENCY AND STAKEHOLDER COORDINATION Cooperating Agencies Agency Consultation Collaborative Stakeholder Coordination Federal Actions CHAPTER 2 PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES OVERVIEW OF THE PROPOSED ACTION UNIT AND COMBINED LEVEL TRAINING REQUIREMENTS, REPRESENTATIVE TRAINING, WEAPONS, EQUIPMENT, PARTICIPANTS, AND TRAINING SCENARIOS UNFILLED UNIT AND COMBINED LEVEL TRAINING REQUIREMENTS REPRESENTATIVE TRAINING REPRESENTATIVE WEAPONS AND EQUIPMENT REPRESENTATIVE LIVE FIRE TRAINING PARTICIPANTS AND SCENARIOS Unit Level Training Participants Unit Level Training Scenario Combined Level Training Participants Combined Level Training Scenario ALTERNATIVES DEVELOPMENT OPERATIONAL SITING CRITERIA DEVELOPMENT OF UNIT LEVEL RANGE AND TRAINING AREA ALTERNATIVES ON TINIAN Initial Development of Tinian Unit Level Range and Training Area Alternatives Refinement of Tinian Unit Level Range and Training Area Alternatives DEVELOPMENT OF COMBINED LEVEL RANGE AND TRAINING AREA ALTERNATIVES ON PAGAN Initial Development of Pagan Combined Level Range and Training Area Alternatives Refinement of Pagan Combined Level Range and Training Area Alternatives ACTION ALTERNATIVES CARRIED FORWARD FOR ANALYSIS TINIAN ALTERNATIVES ELEMENTS COMMON TO ALL ACTION ALTERNATIVES Land Use Agreements Construction and Improvements Training Operations Operation and Management of Tinian Range and Training Area Transportation Munitions Danger Zones Airspace Requirements ii

3 Sea Space Requirements TINIAN ALTERNATIVE Construction and Improvements Training TINIAN ALTERNATIVE Construction and Improvements Training TINIAN ALTERNATIVE Construction and Improvements Training TINIAN NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE Mariana Islands Range Complex Current Training Operations on Tinian Additional Ranges and Training SUMMARY COMPARISON OF TINIAN ALTERNATIVES PAGAN ALTERNATIVES ELEMENTS COMMON TO ALL ACTION ALTERNATIVES Land Use Agreements Construction and Improvements Training Operations Operation and Management of Pagan Range and Training Area Transportation Munitions Danger Zones Airspace Requirements Sea Space Requirements PAGAN ALTERNATIVE Construction and Improvements Training PAGAN ALTERNATIVE Construction and Improvements Training PAGAN NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE SUMMARY COMPARISON OF PAGAN ALTERNATIVES ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED BUT ELIMINATED FROM DETAILED ANALYSIS ALTERNATIVES OUTSIDE OF THE CNMI ALTERNATIVES WITH A SINGLE LOCATION WITHIN THE CNMI PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE CHAPTER 3 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT INTRODUCTION GEOLOGY AND SOILS iii

4 3.2.1 DEFINITION REGULATORY FRAMEWORK Federal Regulations and Codes CNMI Regulation METHODOLOGY REGIONAL GEOLOGIC SETTING TINIAN Topography Geology Soils PAGAN Topography Geology Soils WATER RESOURCES DEFINITION REGULATORY FRAMEWORK Federal Regulation CNMI Regulation METHODOLOGY TINIAN Surface Water Resources Groundwater Resources Nearshore Waters PAGAN Surface Water Resources Groundwater Resources Nearshore Waters AIR QUALITY DEFINITION REGULATORY FRAMEWORK METHODOLOGY TINIAN PAGAN NOISE DEFINITION Sound Level Frequency Weighting (A and C Weighting) Noise Metrics Noise Modeling Noise Zones iv

5 April 2015 Draft Table of Contents REGULATORY FRAMEWORK METHODOLOGY TINIAN Ground based Military Trainingg Activities Aircraft and Airspace Activitiess Tinian International Airport Waterborne Activities Traffic Pagan AIRSPACE DEFINITION REGULATORY FRAMEWORK METHODOLOGY TINIAN Tinian International Airport Tinian North Field Saipan International Airport Airspace Designated for Military Use Commercial Aviation Routes Airspace Obstructions PAGAN Airspace Designated for Military Use Aviation Routes Airspace Obstructions LAND AND SUBMERGED LAND USE DEFINITION REGULATORY FRAMEWORK Federal Regulations CNMI Regulations U.S. CNMI Covenant and Leasee Agreementss METHODOLOGY The CNMI Coastal Resources Management Plan The CNMI Land Use Plans The CNMI Homestead Program TINIAN Jurisdictional Control and Management Existing Land Use Existing Submerged Land Use Tinian Land Use Plans Saipan Existing Land and Submerged Land Use PAGAN Land Jurisdictional Control andd Management Existing Land Use v

6 Existing Submerged Land Use Pagan Land Use Plans RECREATION DEFINITION REGULATORY FRAMEWORK METHODOLOGY TINIAN Historic and Cultural Sites Beaches and Parks Ocean based Resources Scenic Points Annual Events PAGAN TERRESTRIAL BIOLOGY DEFINITION Vegetation Communities Wildlife Special status Species REGULATORY FRAMEWORK METHODOLOGY Study Areas Data Sources and Surveys TINIAN Vegetation Communities Native Wildlife Non native Wildlife Special status Species PAGAN Vegetation Communities Native Wildlife Non native Wildlife Special status Species MARINE BIOLOGY DEFINITION Marine Habitat and Essential Fish Habitat Marine Flora Marine Invertebrates Fish Special status Species REGULATORY FRAMEWORK Federal Regulations METHODOLOGY vi

7 TINIAN Marine Habitat and Essential Fish Habitat Marine Flora Marine Invertebrates Fish Special status Species PAGAN Marine Habitats Marine Flora Marine Invertebrates Fish Special status Species CULTURAL RESOURCES DEFINITION REGULATORY FRAMEWORK METHODOLOGY TINIAN Previous Cultural Resource Studies and Recorded Resources PAGAN Previous Cultural Resource Studies and Recorded Resources VISUAL RESOURCES DEFINITION REGULATORY FRAMEWORK METHODOLOGY TINIAN Regional Visual Environment and Study Area North Lowland West Tinian East Tinian PAGAN North Pagan Central Pagan South Pagan TRANSPORTATION DEFINITION REGULATORY FRAMEWORK Air Transportation Ground Transportation Marine Transportation METHODOLOGY Air Transportation Ground Transportation vii

8 Marine Transportation TINIAN Air Transportation Ground Transportation Marine Transportation PAGAN Air Transportation Ground Transportation Marine Transportation UTILITIES DEFINITION REGULATORY FRAMEWORK METHODOLOGY TINIAN Electrical Power Potable Water Wastewater Stormwater Solid Waste Information Technology/Communications PAGAN Electrical Power Potable Water Wastewater Stormwater Solid Waste Information Technology/Communications SOCIOECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE DEFINITION REGULATORY FRAMEWORK METHODOLOGY SOCIOECONOMIC CONTEXT Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Tinian Pagan POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS Employment and Income Gross Domestic Product Commonwealth Government Finances Housing Tourism Commercial Agriculture viii

9 Commercial Fishing Aquaculture Commercial Hunting Minerals Airports and Sea Ports Power Utility Rates PUBLIC SERVICES Education Emergency Services Health SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY TOPICS CNMI Tinian Pagan ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE AND THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN Minority Population Areas Low income Population Areas Areas with High Concentration of Children HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND WASTE DEFINITIONS Hazardous Materials Toxic Substances Hazardous Waste Contaminated Sites REGULATORY FRAMEWORK Federal Regulations CNMI Regulations METHODOLOGY TINIAN Hazardous Materials Toxic Substances Hazardous Waste Potential and Confirmed Contaminated Sites PAGAN Hazardous Materials Toxic Substances Hazardous Waste Potentially and Confirmed Contaminated Sites PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY DEFINITION REGULATORY FRAMEWORK METHODOLOGY TINIAN ix

10 April 2015 Draft Table of Contents Aircraft Operations Ground Operations Marine Operations PAGAN Aircraft Operations Ground Operations Marine Operations CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENC CES INTRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE SECTIONS APPROACH TO ANALYSIS RESOURCE MANAGEMENT MEASURES ACTION ALTERNATIVES CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION IMPACTS Impact Determination Potential Mitigation Measures NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE PROGRAMMATIC ANALYSIS A SECTION 4(F) EVALUATION SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATIONS GEOLOGY AND SOILS APPROACH TO ANALYSIS RESOURCE MANAGEMENT MEASURES Avoidance and Minimization Measures Best Management Practices and Standard Operating Procedures TINIAN Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Tiniann Alternativess PAGAN Pagan Alternative Pagan Alternative Pagan No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Pagann Alternativess WATER RESOURCES APPROACH TO ANALYSIS Surface Water Groundwater Nearshore Waters x

11 April 2015 Draft Table of Contents RESOURCE MANAGEMENT MEASURES Avoidance and Minimization Measures Best Management Practices and Standard Operating Procedures TINIAN Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Tiniann Alternativess PAGAN Pagan Alternative Pagan Alternative Pagan No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Pagann Alternativess AIR QUALITY APPROACH TO ANALYSIS Construction Operation RESOURCE MANAGEMENT MEASURES TINIAN Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Tiniann Alternativess PAGAN Pagan Alternative Pagan Alternative Pagan No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Pagann Alternativess NOISE APPROACH TO ANALYSIS Construction Operations RESOURCE MANAGEMENT MEASURES Construction Operation TINIAN Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Tiniann Alternativess xi

12 April 2015 Draft Table of Contents PAGAN Pagan Alternative Pagan Alternative Pagan No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Pagann Alternativess AIRSPACE APPROACH TO ANALYSIS RESOURCE MANAGEMENT MEASURES TINIAN Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Tiniann Alternativess Summary of Potential Mitigation Measures for Tinian Alternatives PAGAN Pagan Alternative Pagan Alternative Pagan No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Pagann Alternativess LAND AND SUBMERGED LAND USE APPROACH TO ANALYSIS RESOURCE MANAGEMENT MEASURES TINIAN Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Tiniann Alternativess Summary of Potential Mitigation Measures for Tinian Alternatives PAGAN Pagan Alternative Pagan Alternative Pagan No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Pagann Alternativess RECREATION APPROACH TO ANALYSIS RESOURCE MANAGEMENT MEASURES TINIAN Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian No Action Alternative xii

13 April 2015 Draft Table of Contents Summary of Impacts for Tiniann Alternativess Summary of Potential Mitigation Measures for Tinian Alternatives PAGAN Pagan Alternative Pagan Alternative Pagan No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Pagann Alternativess TERRESTRIAL BIOLOGY APPROACH TO ANALYSIS Vegetation Communities Native Wildlife Special status Species RESOURCE MANAGEMENT MEASURES Avoidance and Minimization Measures Best Management Practices and Standard Operating Procedures TINIAN Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Tiniann Alternativess Summary of Potential Mitigation Measures for Tinian Alternatives PAGAN Pagan Alternative Pagan Alternative Pagan No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Pagann Alternativess Summary of Potential Mitigation Measures for Pagan Alternatives MARINE BIOLOGY APPROACH TO ANALYSIS Marine Habitat and Essential Fish Habitat Marine Flora Marine Invertebrates Fish Special status Species RESOURCE MANAGEMENT MEASURES Avoidance and Minimization Measures Best Management Practices and Standard Operating Procedures TINIAN Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian No Action Alternative xiii

14 April 2015 Draft Table of Contents Summary of Impacts for Tiniann Alternativess Summary of Potential Mitigation Measures for Tinian Alternatives PAGAN Pagan Alternative Pagan Alternative Pagan No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Pagann Alternativess Summary of Potential Mitigation Measures for Pagan Alternatives CULTURALL RESOURCESS APPROACH TO ANALYSIS RESOURCE MANAGEMENT MEASURES Avoidance and Minimization Measures Best Management Practices and Standard Operating Procedures TINIAN Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Tiniann Alternativess Summary of Potential Mitigation Measures for Tinian Alternatives PAGAN Pagan Alternative Pagan Alternative Pagan No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Pagann Alternativess Summary of Potential Mitigation Measures for Pagan Alternatives VISUAL RESOURCES APPROACH TO ANALYSIS RESOURCE MANAGEMENT MEASURES TINIAN Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Tiniann Alternativess PAGAN Pagan Alternative Pagan Alternative Pagan No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Pagann Alternativess TRANSPORTATION APPROACH TO ANALYSIS Air Transportationn xiv

15 April 2015 Draft Table of Contents Ground Transportation Marine Transportation RESOURCE MANAGEMENT MEASURES Air Transportationn Ground Transportation Marine Transportation TINIAN Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Tiniann Alternativess PAGAN Pagan Alternative Pagan Alternative Pagan No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Pagann Alternativess UTILITIES APPROACH TO ANALYSIS RESOURCE MANAGEMENT MEASURES TINIAN Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Tiniann Alternativess PAGAN Pagan Alternative Pagan Alternative Pagan No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Pagann Alternativess SOCIOECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE APPROACH TO ANALYSIS Population Economic Conditions Public Services Community and Social Topics Environmental Justice and Protection of Children RESOURCE MANAGEMENT MEASURES TINIAN Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative xv

16 April 2015 Draft Table of Contents Tinian No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Tiniann Alternativess PAGAN Pagan Alternative Pagan Alternative Pagan No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Pagann Alternativess HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND WASTE APPROACH TO ANALYSIS RESOURCE MANAGEMENT MEASURES Avoidance and Minimization Measures Best Management Practices and Standard Operating Procedures TINIAN Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Tiniann Alternativess PAGAN Pagan Alternative Pagan Alternative Pagan No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Pagann Alternativess PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY APPROACH TO ANALYSIS RESOURCE MANAGEMENT MEASURES Avoidance and Minimization Measures Best Management Practices and Standard Operating Procedures TINIAN Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian Alternative Tinian No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts for Tiniann Alternativess PAGAN Pagan Alternative Pagan Alternative Pagan No Action Alternative Summary of Impacts of Pagan Alternatives PROGRAMMATIC ANALYSIS OF FUTURE POTENTIAL PROJECT COMPONENTS INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING B BUREAU PROGRAMMATIC ANALYSIS Relocation Study xvi

17 April 2015 Draft Table of Contents Programmatic Analysis PAGAN DOCK AND BREAKWATER Geology and Soils Water Resources Air Quality Noise Airspace Land and Submerged Land Usee Recreation Terrestrial Biology Marine Biology Cultural Resources Visual Resources Transportation Utilities Socioeconomics and Environmental Justice Hazardous Materials and Waste Public Health and Safety SECTION 4(F) EVALUATION INTRODUCTION DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION Need for Project Description of Alternatives DESCRIPTION OF SECTION S 4(F) PROPERTIES Japanese Third Farm District (IV) (Site SC 5043) West Field (Site TN ) IMPACTS ON THE SECTION S 4(F) PROPERTIES P BY THE PROJECT Japanese Third Farm District (IV) (Site SC 5043) West Field (Site TN ) AVOIDANCE ALTERNATIVES No Action Alternative Alternative 1. Locate Outside of the CNMI Alternative 2. Locate at Single Location within the CNMI Alternative 3. Locate Airport Improvementss at North Field Alternative 4. Alternative Options at Tinian International Airport MEASURES TO MINIMIZE OR MITIGATE HARM No Action Alternative Tinian Airport Improvements (All Tinian Alternatives) COORDINATION CONCLUDING STATEMENT SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND POTENTIAL MITIGATIONS SUMMARY OF IMPACTS FOR TINIAN ALTERNATIVES SUMMARY OF IMPACTS FOR PAGAN ALTERNATIVES xvii

18 April 2015 Draft Table of Contents SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL MITIGATION MEASURES CHAPTER 5 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS METHODOLOGY RESOURCES CONSIDERED IN THE CUMULATIVE IMPACT ANALYSIS STUDY AREA AND HEALTH OF RESOURCES CONSIDERED CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO ASSESSING CUMULATIVE IMPACTS RELATED TO PRESENT AND REASONABLY FORESEEABLE ACTIONS PRESENT AND REASONABLY FORESEEABLE ACTIONS NON FEDERAL ACTIONS FEDERAL ACTIONS Divert Activities and Exercises (Divert) Mariana Islands Training and Testing Mariana Islands Range Complex Airspace SUMMARY CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ANALYSIS IMPACT SUMMARIES Impacts of Present and Reasonably Foreseeable Actions Impacts of the Proposed Actionn (Chapter 4) GEOLOGY AND SOILS Tinian Pagan WATER RESOURCES Tinian Pagan AIR QUALITY Tinian Pagan NOISE Tinian Pagan AIRSPACE Tinian Pagan LAND AND SUBMERGED LAND USE Tinian Pagan RECREATION Tinian Pagan TERRESTRIAL BIOLOGY xviii

19 Tinian Pagan MARINE BIOLOGY Tinian Pagan CULTURAL RESOURCES Tinian Pagan VISUAL RESOURCES Tinian Pagan TRANSPORTATION Air Transportation Ground Transportation Marine Transportation UTILITIES Tinian Pagan SOCIOECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE Tinian Pagan HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND WASTE Tinian Pagan PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY Tinian Pagan NEED FOR MITIGATION CHAPTER 6 ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS REQUIRED BY NEPA INTRODUCTION CONSISTENCY WITH OTHER FEDERAL, COMMONWEALTH, AND LOCAL LAND USE PLANS, POLICIES, AND CONTROLS FEDERAL PLANS REGIONAL AND LOCAL LAND USE PLANS Tinian Pagan APPLICABLE FEDERAL AND LOCAL REGULATIONS UNAVOIDABLE SIGNIFICANT ADVERSE IMPACTS IRREVERSIBLE AND IRRETRIEVABLE COMMITMENT OF RESOURCES xix

20 6.5 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SHORT TERM USE OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND LONG TERM PRODUCTIVITY BENEFITS OF SHORT TERM USE THE COST OF SHORT TERM U.S. MILITARY TRAINING USE TINIAN PAGAN CHAPTER 7 REFERENCES ES.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER INTRODUCTION GEOLOGY AND SOILS WATER RESOURCES AIR QUALITY NOISE AIRSPACE LAND USE AND SUBMERGED LAND USE RECREATION TERRESTRIAL BIOLOGY MARINE BIOLOGY CULTURAL RESOURCES VISUAL RESOURCES TRANSPORTATION UTILITIES SOCIOECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND WASTE PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY CHAPTER INTRODUCTION GEOLOGY AND SOILS WATER RESOURCES AIR QUALITY NOISE AIRSPACE LAND USE AND SUBMERGED LAND USE RECREATION TERRESTRIAL BIOLOGY xx

21 MARINE BIOLOGY CULTURAL RESOURCES VISUAL RESOURCES TRANSPORTATION UTILITIES SOCIOECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND WASTE PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY IBB PROGRAMMATIC ANALYSIS SECTION 4(F) EVALUATION CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER 8 LIST OF PREPARERS GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTORS MARINE CORPS (MARINE FORCES, PACIFIC AND HEADQUARTERS MARINE CORPS) NAVFAC FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION CARDNO TEC AECOM PACIFIC JOINT VENTURE MANAGEMENT NEPA ANALYSIS TEAM CHAPTER 9 DISTRIBUTION PARTIES RECEIVING NOTICE OF AVAILABILITY OF DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT/OVERSEAS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT ELECTED OFFICIALS CNMI ELECTED OFFICIALS CNMI LOCAL FEDERAL AGENCIES CNMI AGENCIES HAWAII AGENCIES LIBRARIES RECEIVING HARD COPY AND ELECTRONIC COPY ON COMPACT DISK CNMI INTEREST GROUPS NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL INTEREST GROUPS xxi

22 ES 1 ES 2 ES 3 ES 4 ES 5 ES 6 ES 7 ES 8 ES 9 ES 10 ES 11 ES 12 ES 13 ES 14 ES 15 ES 16 List of Figures U.S. Pacific Command Area of Responsibility... ES 2 Mariana Islands Regional Map... ES 3 Tinian All Action Alternatives Military Lease Area wide Training Assets... ES 25 Tinian All Action Alternatives Surface Danger Zones... ES 27 Tinian All Action Alternatives Special Use Airspace: Two Dimensional Perspective... ES 29 Tinian All Action Alternatives Base Camp... ES 30 Tinian All Action Alternatives Munitions Storage Area... ES 31 Tinian All Action Alternatives Airport Improvements... ES 32 Tinian All Action Alternatives Port Improvements and Supply Route... ES 33 Tinian All Action Alternatives Range Access Improvements, Fence Lines, and Gates... ES 35 Tinian All Action Alternatives Utility Improvements... ES 37 Unai Chulu Tactical Amphibious Beach Landing Dredging and Construction... ES 38 Unai Chulu Tactical Amphibious Beach Landing Operations... ES 39 Pagan Alternative 1 Range Complexes... ES 45 Pagan Alternative 2 Range Complexes... ES 46 Pagan All Action Alternatives Surface Danger Zones... ES U.S. Pacific Command Area of Responsibility Mariana Islands Regional Map Building Block Approach to Military Training Mariana Islands Range Complex Extent NEPA Public Involvement Process Representative Marine Corps Battalion Landing Team Tinian Location Map Tinian All Action Alternatives Base Camp Tinian All Action Alternatives Munitions Storage Area Tinian All Action Alternatives Airport Improvements Tinian All Action Alternatives Port Improvements and Supply Route Tinian All Action Alternatives Range Access Improvements, Fence Lines, and Gates Tinian All Action Alternatives Utility Improvements Tinian Range Complexes Tinian All Action Alternatives Range Complex A Tinian All Action Alternatives Range Complex B Tinian All Action Alternatives Range Complex C Tinian All Action Alternatives Range Complex D Tinian All Action Alternatives Military Lease Area wide Training Assets Tinian Tactical Amphibious Beach Landing Laydown Area and Access xxii

23 Unai Chulu Tactical Amphibious Beach Landing Dredging and Construction Unai Chulu Tactical Amphibious Beach Landing Operations Tinian All Action Alternatives Surface Danger Zones Tinian All Action Alternatives Special Use Airspace: Two Dimensional Perspective Tinian All Action Alternatives Special Use Airspace: Three Dimensional Perspective Tinian All Action Alternatives Danger Zones Tinian Alternative 1 Range Complexes Tinian Alternatives 1 and 2 Range Complex D Tinian Alternative 1 Convoy Course Tinian Alternative 2 Range Complexes Tinian Alternatives 2 and 3 Range Complex C Tinian Alternatives 2 and 3 Convoy Course Tinian Alternative 3 Range Complexes Tinian No Action Alternative Pagan Location Map Pagan All Action Alternatives Bivouac Area, Munitions Storage, and Airfield Improvements Pagan All Action Alternatives Military Training Trail Improvements Pagan All Action Alternatives Surface Danger Zones Pagan All Action Alternatives Special Use Airspace: Two Dimensional Perspective Pagan All Action Alternatives Danger Zones Pagan Alternative 1 Range Complexes Pagan Alternative 1 North Range Complex Pagan Alternative 1 South Range Complex Pagan Alternative 2 Range Complexes Pagan Alternative 2 North Range Complex Pagan Alternative 2 South Range Complex Regional Geologic Map of the Mariana Islands Tinian Physiographic and Topographic Map Tinian Geologic Units Proposed Amphibious Training Beaches on Tinian Tinian Soil Classes Associated with the Affected Environment Tinian Prime Farmland Soil Classes Associated with the Affected Environment Pagan Topographic Map Pagan Generalized Geologic Map Pagan Pozzolan Deposits Tinian Surface Waters and Flood Zones Graphic Depiction of a Freshwater Lens above a Saltwater Wedge Standard, Vertical Pumping Well xxiii

24 3.3 3 Graphic Depiction of a Freshwater Lens above Saltwater Wedge Horizontal, Maui Type Pumping Well Tinian Groundwater Wells, Elevation, and Flow Direction Pagan Surface Waters and Groundwater Well Locations Sensitive Noise Receptor Locations Tinian and Saipan Baseline Noise Contours at Tinian International Airport Cross Section of Airspace Classes and Relationships Special Use and Other Airspace Designated for Military Use Commuter Flight Routes Annual Airport Operations at Tinian International Airport Tinian and Saipan Regional Airspace Annual Operations at Saipan International Airport Existing Mariana Islands Airspace Designated for Military Use Regional Airports and Commercial Aviation Routes Region of Influence for Land and Submerged Land Use Tinian Land Jurisdictional Control Tinian Land Jurisdictional Control and Management Tinian CNMI Areas of Particular Concern Tinian and Saipan Existing Land Use Military Land Use on Tinian Pagan CNMI Areas of Particular Concern Tinian Recreation Resources and Places of Interest Vegetation Communities Tinian Military Lease Area Estimated Tinian Monarch Population ( ) Occurrence of Special status Species Tinian Military Lease Area Past and Current Occurrences of Mariana Common Moorhen within the Military Lease Area Vegetation Communities Pagan Occurrence of Special status Species Pagan Typical Reef Zonation Tinian Marine Habitat Overview Unai Chulu Coral Cover Unai Babui Coral Cover Unai Lam Lam Coral Cover Unai Masalok Coral Cover Pagan Marine Habitat Overview Green Beach Coral Cover Red Beach Coral Cover Blue Beach Coral Cover xxiv

25 South Beach Coral Cover Gold Beach Coral Cover Major Historic Events for Tinian and Pagan North Field National Historic Landmark Tinian Key Observation Points Pagan Visual Resources Tinian International Airport Facilities Tinian Existing Roads and Average Daily Traffic Port of Tinian Cargo Tonnage Handled Tinian Power Distribution Tinian Potable Water Distribution Tinian Wastewater Systems Tinian Solid Waste Facility CNMI Population Trends, Compensation and Gross Domestic Product CNMI Total Visitors, Percent Change in Total Visitors to the CNMI, Tinian Fishing Areas and Type of Fishing Minority and Low income Population Areas Schools and Highly Populated Areas Tinian Areas of Potential Environmental Concern and Military Munitions Response Program Sites Probable Munitions Presence Locations Tinian Military Lease Area Tinian Ground Disturbance and Geologic Map for Alternatives 1 and Tinian Ground Disturbance and Geologic Map for Alternatives 1 and Tinian Alternative 1 Surface Waters and Flood Zones Tinian Alternative 1 Groundwater Wells, Elevation, and Flow Direction Tinian Alternative 2 Surface Waters Tinian Alternative 3 Surface Waters Pagan Alternative 1 Surface Waters Pagan Alternative 2 Surface Waters All Tinian Alternatives Small caliber Weapons Noise Levels (A weighted) All Tinian Alternatives Small caliber Weapons Noise Levels (Peak) All Tinian Alternatives Large caliber Weapons Noise Levels (C weighted) All Tinian Alternatives Large caliber Noise Levels under Neutral Weather Conditions (Peak) All Tinian Alternatives Large caliber Noise Levels under Unfavorable Weather Conditions (Peak) Airfield and Airspace Noise Levels for All Tinian Alternatives (A weighted) xxv

26 4.5 7 All Pagan Alternatives Small caliber Weapons Noise Levels (A weighted) All Pagan Alternatives Small caliber Weapons Noise Levels (Peak) All Pagan Alternatives Large caliber Weapons Noise Levels (C weighted) All Pagan Alternatives Large caliber Noise Levels under Neutral Weather Conditions (Peak) All Pagan Alternatives Large caliber Noise Levels under Unfavorable Weather Conditions (Peak) All Pagan Alternatives Airfield and Airspace Noise Levels (A weighted) Airspace Region of Influence Commuter Flight Routes Tinian Proposed Land Acquisition Tinian Potential Agricultural Use in the Military Lease Area Tinian All Action Alternatives Areas of Particular Concern Pagan All Action Alternatives Areas of Particular Concern a Northern Military Lease Area Tinian Alternative 1, Vegetation Communities b Southern Military Lease Area Tinian Alternative 1, Vegetation Communities Potential Mitigation Areas with Implementation of Tinian Alternatives 1, 2 or a 4.9 3b Northern Military Lease Area Tinian Alternative 1, Occurrence of Special status Species Southern Military Lease Area Tinian Alternative 1, Occurrence of Special status Species a Northern Military Lease Area Tinian Alternative 2, Vegetation Communities b Southern Military Lease Area Tinian Alternative 2, Vegetation Communities a 4.9 5b Northern Military Lease Area Tinian Alternative 2, Occurrence of Special status Species Southern Military Lease Area Tinian Alternative 2, Occurrence of Special status Species a Northern Military Lease Area Tinian Alternative 3, Vegetation Communities b Southern Military Lease Area Tinian Alternative 3, Vegetation Communities a 4.9 7b Northern Military Lease Area Tinian Alternative 3, Occurrence of Special status Species Southern Military Lease Area Tinian Alternative 3, Occurrence of Special status Species Pagan Alternative 1, Vegetation Communities Pagan Alternative 1, Occurrence of Special status Species Pagan Alternative 2, Vegetation Communities Pagan Alternative 2, Occurrence of Special status Species Unai Chulu Training Impact Area Depth Unai Chulu Training Impact Area Coral Cover Unai Babui Training Impact Area Depth Unai Babui Training Impact Area Coral Cover xxvi

27 Unai Lam Lam Training Impact Area Depth Unai Lam Lam Training Impact Area Coral Cover Unai Masalok Training Impact Area Depth Unai Masalok Training Impact Area Coral Cover Green Beach Training Impact Area Depth Green Beach Training Impact Area Coral Cover Red Beach Training Impact Area Depth Red Beach Training Impact Area Coral Cover Blue Beach Training Impact Area Depth Blue Beach Training Impact Area Coral Cover South Beach Training Impact Area Depth South Beach Training Impact Area Coral Cover North Beach Training Impact Area Depth Gold Beach Training Impact Area Depth Gold Beach Training Impact Area Coral Cover Tinian Alternative 1 Key Observation Points Tinian Alternative 2 Key Observation Points Tinian Alternative 3 Key Observation Points Pagan Alternative 1 Visual Resources Pagan Alternative 2 Visual Resources Ground Transportation Improvements Tinian All Action Alternatives Hazardous Materials/Waste Use and Storage Areas and Contaminated Sites for Range Training Area Tinian All Action Alternatives Hazardous Materials/Waste Use and Storage Areas, Base Camp Munitions Storage, and Airport Improvements Tinian All Action Alternatives Hazardous Materials/Waste Use and Storage Areas for Tinian Port and Supply Route Pagan Alternative 1 Hazardous Materials/Waste Use and Storage Area Pagan Alternative 2 Hazardous Materials/Waste Use and Storage Area Potential Rota Site Potential Saipan Site Potential Tinian Site Potential Guam Site Proposed Pagan Pier and Breakwater Tinian and Pagan Present and Reasonably Foreseeable Actions xxvii

28 ES 1 ES 2 ES 3 ES 4 ES 5 ES 6 List of Tables Summary of No Action Alternative Training on Tinian Exclusive Military Use Area by U.S. Air Force, Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and Guam National Guard/Reserve... ES 17 Summary Comparison of Action Tinian Alternatives... ES 19 Summary Comparison of Pagan Alternatives... ES 42 Summary of Impacts for Tinian Alternatives... ES 51 Summary of Impacts for Pagan Alternatives... ES 58 Summary of Potential Mitigation Measures... ES Dates of Newspaper Notification Announcements for Public Scoping Meetings Federal Aviation Administration Resource Impact Categories Pacific Command Service Components Unfilled Training Requirements in the CNMI Representative Weaponry and Equipment Unit Level Training and Exercises, Duration, and Personnel Combined Level Training and Exercises, Duration, and Personnel Requirements and Siting Study Operational Siting Criteria RTA Siting Criteria for Islands in the CNMI Proposed Tinian Unit Level RTA Road Improvements All Tinian Action Alternatives Proposed Annual Amphibious Operations Tinian All Alternatives Proposed Annual Airfield Military Operations All Tinian Action Alternatives Proposed Typical Annual Landing Zone Operations Proposed Tinian RTA Representative Annual Munitions Expenditures: All Tinian Action Alternatives All Tinian Action Alternatives Proposed Annual Operations in Special Use Airspace Summary of No Action Alternative Training on Tinian Exclusive Military Use Area by U.S. Air Force, Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and Guam National Guard/Reserve Summary Comparison of Action Tinian Alternatives All Pagan Action Alternatives Proposed Amphibious Operations All Pagan Alternatives Proposed Annual Airfield Military Operations All Pagan Action Alternatives Proposed Typical Annual Landing Zone Operations All Pagan Action Alternatives Proposed Representative Annual Munitions Expenditures All Pagan Action Alternatives Aircraft Operations Proposed in Special Use Airspace Summary Comparison of Pagan Alternatives Soil Classifications Associated with the Affected Environment Tinian Surface Water Features Summary of Potential Wetlands of the Bateha and Mahalang Complexes Tinian Tinian Municipal Well Water Quality xxviii