Energy and Sustainability Institute at IIT

Transcription

1 Energy and Sustainability Institute at IIT Hamid Arastoopour Henry R. Linden Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Armour College of Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Presented at: AIChE National Meeting Atlanta, Georgia April 2005

2 What is the Energy and Sustainability Concept? To continue to provide all of the useful energy services and materials required for constant improvement in human and economic well-being while preserving resources and the environment for future generations.

3 Energy and Sustainability Connects Three Major Issues Economy (human productivity, economic well-being and quality of life) Environment (world primary energy substitution) Security (secure energy supply and delivery to consumers and prevent blackouts)

4 Trends Continued population growth Continued growth in energy consumption per capita Continued depletion of oil and gas resources

5 Trends (cont d) Environmental goals begin to play more significant role in energy choices (e.g., higher hydrogen/carbon ratios) This means alternative and nuclear energy begin to play a more significant s role in providing needed energy for the nation. Hydrogen from coal and carbon sequestration are becoming real alternatives in the United States due to the low cost and abundance of coal

6 Desired Outcome Electrification of most stationary energy sources using Renewables (e.g., photovoltaics, solar, wind and geothermal) as the main sources Clean coal, gas, and nuclear energy as the secondary energy source Hydrogen as the dominant transportation fuel

7 Desired Outcome (cont d) Environmentally friendly materials Recycle, reuse, or biologically degrade Comprehensive energy and environmental policy Sustainably built environment

8 This Means New Performance Paradigms Are Emerging Zero-emissions emissions plants Zero-emissions emissions vehicles Energy efficient buildings Full-life life-cycle accounting

9 Energy and Sustainability Institute Focus at IIT Energy storage, distribution and utilization Energy sources and conversion Material and energy conservation (recycling) Energy policy Energy and sustainability education

10 Energy Sources and Conversion Solar energy Production of natural gas from new reserves Clean coal technology Fuel cells Energy conversion process modeling

11 Energy Storage, Distribution and Utilization Hydrogen storage Optimal hybridization level for hybrid electric vehicles Ethanol-fueled vehicles Power and power electronics Electric grid modeling

12 Educational Programs Energy Environment and Economics (E 3 ) specialization and minor at both graduate and undergraduate levels for engineering and science majors Master s s and PhD degrees in environmental engineering Master s s degree in environmental management Elective courses in sustainability area for students in fields other than science and engineering

13 Organizational Structure of the IIT Energy and Sustainability Institute Advisory Board Architecture Design Kent College of Law Psychology Energy and Sustainability Institute Global issues and climate change Collaborative education and research programs Stuart School of Business Sustainability Program Polymer Science and Engineering Center Center for Complex Systems and Dynamics Energy + Power Center Electrochemical Science and Engineering Center Energy & Environmental Research Programs in Armour College of Engineering and College of Science and Letters Electric Power and Power Electronics Center Grainger Power Engineering Laboratory

14 Strategy Use least-cost strategy to: - Provide reliable and affordable energy - Improve energy efficiency - Continue ongoing decarbonization path - Minimize wastes and pollutant Develop research and development collaboration, partnership and alliance between industry, government, and academic institutions

15 House of the Future Project A living laboratory that will integrate clean energy, new materials, appliances and products with the latest technologies to achieve sustainable design and functionality.

16 House of the Future Project (cont d) Required power will be generated using solar and wind energy, stored in the form of hydrogen, and distributed as electricity using fuel cell technology. The project is in the design stage with initial financial support provided by Tellabs Foundation.

17 House of the Future Project (cont d) This demonstration facility will be used to attract the most creative and brightest young minds to this area of critical national importance, and to provide a showplace for K-12 K students to increase their interest in science and engineering, especially in the area of Energy and Sustainability.

18 Gas Hydrates According to Department of Energy estimates: Gas entrapped in hydrates in United States: 320,000 (Tcf) This means 1% of the methane entrapped is sufficient to provide 100 years of today's U.S. natural gas demand.

19 Electrolyzers are central to sustainable energy Renewables Electrolysis H 2 Storage Fuel Cell Power Power On Demand From Renewables Stationary Power Transportation PEM Products Can Be Key Enablers gr oups/bd/chpp wrpt/n th

20 Photovoltaic (PV) The earth s s surface receives from the sun 15,000 times the world s s energy consumption About two percent of the Nevada area covered with PV panels could meet U.S. electricity demand PV energy could supply 2 billion people living in rural areas with electricity

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22 Schematic of the PV/Battery/Fuel Cell Hybrid System MultiPolycrystalline 20 PV Panels 60 watts BATTERY CHARGE CONTROL Amorphous Silicon 33 PV Panels 30 watts DC LOAD SIGN IIT 12V BATTERY 48V AC-DC / DC-DC Inverter/Charger GRID DC-DC Inverter OR OR Fuel Cell AC LOAD APPLICATIONS I.e. Weather Station

23 Hydrogen Storage T 1 Room Temperature H 2 ADSORPTION-DESORPTION SYSTEM T 2 H 2 Microcompressor P 1 P 2 T 3 T 4 Vacuum Chamber T 5 Sample Chamber Vacuum Pump T 1,T 2 T 3,T 4 He T 5 P 1 Data Acquisition P Thermocouple --- Pressure Transducer

24 Summary The route to sustainability includes decarbonization of energy utilization and conversion systems The approach to sustainability should be based on the least-cost strategy Hydrogen will be the primary fuel of the future (Hydrogen may be produced from coal, agricultural products, petroleum-based fuels, nuclear and renewable energy)

25 Summary (cont d) Electrification of most stationary energy sources will be achieved primarily using non-fossil fuels, including safe nuclear energy Increase in energy efficiency will be based on advances in engineering and science

26 Ultimate Goals of the IIT Energy and Sustainability Institute Take national leadership, not only in education and research in energy technology, but also in policy, sustainability and economy Become key contributor to national energy policy Enhance well-being and economic development of society without destroying the environment