Life Cycle Assessment of recycled concrete A state-ofthe-art. Adélaïde Féraille, Raphael Brière Laboratoire Navier

Transcription

1 Life Cycle Assessment of recycled concrete A state-ofthe-art Adélaïde Féraille, Raphael Brière Laboratoire Navier 1

2 Strong interaction with the environment Ozone layer depletion Greenhouse effect Acidification UV Radiations Eutrophisation Deforestation Resource depletion Solid waste Much more than one problem to consider! 2

3 Born 35 years ago, mature today Events Mater & Energy Environmental Guidelines, Norms ISO FDES, Balances Management 1st Ecolabels Eco-conception Systems Geneses Initiation Learning Normalization Democratization 1991 : SETAC 4, technical frame for LCA Conditioning Study 1992 : European scheme for Ecolabels 70 s : US REPA s : SETAC, LCA Best Practices Code 1984 : Switzerland BUWAL 2 1st Ecobalance Method 3 SPOLD 5, common data format Y08 Statement 28 Databases EcoInvent : 4000 inventories > 100 suppliers PE International 500 Indust. Clients > 50 LCA tools 1st LCA tool 1998 : Norms ISO : LCA Oil Crisis 2004 : France, Norm NF P : FDES 2006 : Norm ISO Requirements & Guidelines for LCA Achievements 1 REPA = Resources & Environmental Profiles Analysis 2 BUWAL = Swiss Department for Environment 3 Ecobalance = Comprehensive inventory of mater fluxes coming in & going out 4 SETAC = Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry 5 SPOLD = Society for the Promotion of LCA Development Sources : L Analyse de Cycle de Vie d un produit ou d un service Académie des Technologies -ACV 3

4 Two basic principles Consider all life cycle! 4

5 Two basic principles Consider all life cycle! Thermal Electric CO2 Emissions Materials Production Car Production Fuel Production Use Recovery TOTAL From Toyota data 5

6 Two basic principles Consider all life cycle! Consider various impact indicators! Climate change (kg eq CO 2 ) Resource depletion (kg eq antimony) Acidification (kg eq SO 2 ) 6

7 Life Cycle Assessment method : 4 stages 1. Goal ans scope definition LCA framework 2. Inventory analysis 3. Impact assessment 4. Interpretation Standard ISO Direct applications : Product development and improvement Strategic planning Public policy making Marketing 7

8 A scientific tool for Environmental Life cycle model Assessment Inventory Indicators Construction Transport Use Production Maintenance End of life Recycling Input Output Etc. Etc. Flow Coal Limestone Water CO2 (air) Hydrocarbons (air) Mercury (water) Nitrates (water) Plutonium (soil) Wastes Quantity 500 mg 45 g 0.03 liter 3 g 12 mg 5 g 78 mg 145 kbq 100 kg Resources depletion Primary energy Climate change Air acidification Air pollution Water pollution Photochemical ozone formation Wastes Life Cycle + Quantitative + Multicriteria 8

9 End of life of buildings Traditional buildings Low consumption buildings CONSTRUCTION USE ~ 90 % ~ 50 % DECONSTRUCTION Importance of the deconstruction phase Blengini et Di Carlo, Thormark,

10 Deconstruction or demolition? Traditional demolition is not always less expensive It depends on : Landfill tax Transport Equipment Work Coelho et de Brito,

11 How make deconstruction? Deconstruction or demolition? Traditional demolition is not always less expensive Travail Démolition traditionnelle Equipement Autre Transport Taxes de décharges Coelho et de Brito,

12 Comparison between demolition and deconstruction in Toulouse Process to be taken into account : Slaughter of the structure Transportation of waste Lanfill Data from ADEME 12

13 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Décharge Abattage Transport 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Décharge Transport Electricité sur chantier Abattage Eutrophication Global warming (GWP100) Ozone layer depletion (ODP) Human toxicity Fresh water aquatic ecotox. Marine aquatic ecotoxicity Terrestrial ecotoxicity Photochemical oxidation Abiotic depletion Acidification Eutrophication Global warming (GWP100) Ozone layer depletion (ODP) Human toxicity Fresh water aquatic ecotox. Marine aquatic ecotoxicity Terrestrial ecotoxicity Photochemical oxidation Traditional demolition Selective demolition Resultsare dependanton the qualityof 3 datas : The amount of energy involved in the slaughter The distance transport of waste from site to its outlet or to its place of treatment The management of end-of-waste. 13 Acidification Abiotic depletion

14 Comparison on a demolition site in Toulouse Global warming (kg eq CO2) Démolition Déconstruction Global warming (kg eq CO2) Data from ADEME 14

15 Comparison on a demolition site in Toulouse Acidification (kg eq SO2) Acidification (kg eq SO2) Démolition Déconstruction Data from ADEME 15

16 Comparison on a demolition site in Toulouse Abiotic depletion (kg eq Antimony) Démolition Déconstruction Abiotic depletion (kg eq Antimony) Data from ADEME 16

17 Comparison on a demolition site in Toulouse Eutrophication (kg eq PO4) Eutrophication (kg eq PO4) Démolition Déconstruction Data from ADEME 17

18 Conclusion and perspectives Design for Deconstruction DECONSTRUCTION MODIFICATION REUSE RECYCLING Reuse of the building Reuse of the elements Reuse of materials Recycling of materials 18

19 Supply Driven Architecture CONSTRUCTION USE DECONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION USE DECONSTRUCTION Reuse of "waste" Limitation of Transports New architectural forms 19