Systematic Downstream Development, Optimization, and Equipment Design for Biobased Products and Processes

Transcription

1 ProcessNet-Jahrestagung und 32. DECHEMA-Jahrestagung der Biotechnologen , Aachen, Germany Systematic Downstream Development, Optimization, and Equipment Design for Biobased Products and Processes Andreas Bednarz, Bettina Rüngeler, Peter Scherübel, Markus Schmidt, Andreas Pfennig Products, Environment, and Processes(PEPs) Department of Chemical Engineering Université de Liège 1 outline challenges for biomass as feedstock cascaded option trees problems in downstream processing example conclusions 2 1

2 exergy as measure sorting the options chemical exergy in MJ/kg hydrogen methane, natural gas conventional process crude oil plant oil coal fossil feedstock amylose glucose ethene ethanol methanol glycerol lactic acid net reaction glucose CO fermentation H 2 O, CO 2 biomass intermediates products polyethylene polypropylene PVC polystyrene PA 6.6 polycarbonate PET polylactic acid 3 COH composition O water fossil raw materials bio-based feedstock conventional polymers bio-based polymers CO 2 glucose -H 2 O PET PLA hemicellulose starch, cellulose PHB -CO 2 lignin PE C H 2 -H 2 O oleic acid H coal crude oil natural gas 4 2

3 challenges for biomass as feedstock new processes, new chemistry higher oxygen content lower vapor pressure higher viscosity solids content new thermodynamics biotechnological steps separate hydrophilic components from water microbes actas solids 5 characterizing options... criterion 3 criterion 2 criterion 1 overall performance option1 option2... evaluation: not tested - not feasible acceptable good 6 3

4 general process flow sheet 7 cascading the tree product concentration thermal stability biocompatibility - distillation - toxicity of auxiliaries coalescence equilibrium solvent extraction extractant 1 reactive extraction extractant 2 crystallization - extractant 3-8 4

5 evaluation of criteria expert knowledge literature information modelling, simulation experiment... younameit 9 process flow sheet 1 5

6 basics of reactive extraction 1 degree of extraction 8 model experimental data,, 6 organic phase: kerosene X.X wt% D2EHPA aqueous phase: 2 1. g/l 1,6-diamino hexane phase ratio: 1/1 temperature: 3 C ph 11 crud basics crud Crud: Chalk River Undefined Deposit corrosion residual unidentified deposit S. Ruckes, A. Pfennig, 21: Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Mulm auf das Abscheideverhalten organisch-wässriger Stoffsysteme. AiF-Abschlussbericht zu Projekt N 12 6

7 standardized lab experiment for settling counter-rotating stirrers top vessel valve glas cylinders DN 8 x 3 internals tube DN 2 bottom vessel valve 13 principles of settling coalesced disperse phase height sedimentation zone continuous phase time 14 7

8 influence of solids in settling experiment S. Ruckes, A. Pfennig, 21: Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Mulm auf das Abscheideverhalten organisch-wässriger Stoffsysteme. AiF-Abschlussbericht zu Projekt N 15 phase separation separation time in s organic phase: kerosene 2 wt% isostearic acid aqueous phase: 7 mm ammonium phosphate buffer.1 g/l 1,6-diamino hexane, 3 C phase ratio organic/aqueous: 4/1 2/1 1/ ph 16 8

9 phase separation with cells settling time in s organic phase: kerosene 2 wt% isostearic acid aqueous phase: 7 mm ammonium phosphate buffer.1 g/l 1,6-diamino hexane, 3 C phase ratio organic/aqueous: 4/1 2/1 without cells with cells ph 17 option trees physical extraction criterion 3: phase separation criterion 2: extraction criterion 1: toxicity possible diluents: kerosene bis(2-ethylhexyl)-phtalate liquid-liquid extraction reactive extraction extractant DEHPA kerosene benzyl benzoate methyl laurate cis-9-octadecene-1-ol bis(2-ethylhexyl)-phtalate evaluation: not tested good acceptable infeasible alternative extractant no diluent kerosene benzyl benzoate methyl laurate cis-9-octadecene-1-ol bis(2-ethylhexyl)-phtalate 18 9

10 optimization criteria bio-compatible ph extractant concentration capacity ph-shift between extraction and reextraction phase separation 19 examples for different levels overall process options principal downstream options unit operations solvent selection direction of dispersion operating conditions like ph, phase ratio, etc. type of equipment... also: modelling approaches, model contributions 2 1

11 cascaded option trees clear book-keeping of options cascading through levels allows very different character of evaluations documentation clear view of status also for communication clear view of second-best alternatives creates prototypes of procedures intuitive touse A. Bednarz, B. Rüngeler, A. Pfennig: Use of Cascaded Option Trees in Chemical-Engineering Process Development Chem. Ing. Tech. 214, 86(5), Systematic Downstream Development, Optimization, and Equipment Design for Biobased Products and Processes Andreas Bednarz, Bettina Rüngeler, Peter Scherübel, Markus Schmidt, Andreas Pfennig Products, Environment, and Processes(PEPs) Department of Chemical Engineering Université de Liège

12 option tree method choose starting level of detail - note all feasible options - note all relevant critical criteria - sort criteria by relevance steptonext level of detail evaluateotpionsand criteria, preferably most critical criteria first rank available options at least one feasible optionleft? yes refinement required? yes no no no solution possible solution found 23 some criteria for bio-downstream design extractant selection biocompatible physical-extraction system? partition coefficient in physical extraction biocompatible reactive extraction system. reactive extractant, diluent/solvent, modifyer equilibrium without cells equilibrium with cells extraction kinetics ease of phase separation(column or mixer-settler or none) phase separation with cells easeof re-extraction(t orph shift?) fate of reactants, minor components, impurities...crud, choice of nutrient system, buffer system,... equipment design 24 12