Glass & Glazing Roadmap

Transcription

1 Glass & Glazing Roadmap 10 th CAB Technical Conference & Exhibition Fit for the Future 14 th May st October 2011 Four Housing Group Board Meeting Luke Smith Principal Energy Specialist, NEF

2 How far could more energy efficient windows reduce energy use in existing buildings by 2050?

3 The NEF Glazing Supply Chain Group With additional input from: o British Blind and Shutter Association (BBSA) o Department for Business, Innovation & Skills (BIS) o Glass for Europe (GfE) o National Federation of Glaziers (NFG) o The British Plastics Federation (BPF) Windows Group o The British Woodworking Federation (BWF) o Zero Carbon Hub (ZCH)

4 Background o Energy Efficient Partnership for Buildings (EEPB) Glazing Group o Glazing Supply Chain Group established to Establish a collective and united voice; Provide a forum for key stakeholders and a single point of contact with the Government; Produce an independent report on the sector s potential in line with the government s 2050 decarbonisation goals. o Project started Oct 2014, workshops and conference calls held; report to be launched May 2015; o Dissemination + launch for the new MPs

5 Research questions 1. How much energy can be saved if more existing domestic and non-domestic buildings in the UK install the most energy efficient commercially available glazing? 2. How can the uptake of energy efficient glazing and energy efficient glazing technologies be encouraged and incentivised?

6 Operational energy/carbon reduction assessment Contents 1. Domestic sector Methodology Scenarios Roadmap to 2030/2050 Closing the performance gap Eliminating the need for cooling 2. Non-domestic sector Methodology Scenarios Roadmap to 2030/ Total energy savings

7 Operational energy/carbon reduction assessment Contents 1. Domestic sector Methodology Scenarios Roadmap to 2030/2050 Closing the performance gap Eliminating the need for cooling 2. Non-domestic sector Methodology Scenarios Roadmap to 2030/ Total energy savings

8 25% Domestic sector Methodology 20% 15% The EHS dataset: a sample of ~16,000 properties representing the full ~22m dwellings in Great Britain. 10% 5% 0% Before Single glazing upvc framed (U=4.0; g= 0.85; t= 0.9) Single glazing metal framed (U=4.6; g= 0.85; t= 0.9) Single glazing wood framed (U=4.0; g= 0.85; t= 0.9) Double Glazing upvc framed (U=2.8; g= 0.76; t= 0.8) Double Glazing metal framed (U=3.2; g= 0.76; t= 0.8) Double Glazing wood framed (U=2.8; g= 0.76; t= 0.8) Glazing type by era

9 Baseline Domestic sector - Scenarios BUSINESS AS USUAL: Approximates what will happen to operational energy should existing trends continue. ENHANCED UPTAKE: Approximates what will happen to operational energy use with improved adoption of glass and glazing technology whilst accepting limitations as to exploitation with technologies associated with, for instance, listed buildings. TECHNICAL POTENTIAL: Maximum reduction potential based on the best currently available technology.

10 Baseline Domestic sector - Scenarios BUSINESS AS USUAL : Single glazing wood/metal framed to: Single glazing (25%) Secondary glazing (25%) Low-e double glazing (50%) Single glazing upvc framed to: Low-e double glazing (100%) Double glazing wood/metal/upvc framed to: Air filled double glazing (50%) Low-e double glazing (50%) ENHANCED UPTAKE: Single glazing wood/metal/upvc framed to: Single glazing (25%) Conservation glass (50%) Low-e triple glazing (25%) Double glazing wood/metal/upvc framed to: Low-e double glazing (50%); Low-e triple glazing (50%) TECHNICAL POTENTIAL: All to: Best triple glazing (100%)

11 horizon Energy consumption in existing domestic buildings (GWh) Domestic sector Roadmap to , , , , , ,000 Where we can go Where we are going Baseline 559,500 GWh -23,252 GWh -4.2% -37,487 GWh -6.7% -48,348 GWh -8.6% 510, , , ,000

12 Closing the performance gap - Methodology The Cambridge Housing Model Interface issues BRE study on impact of thermal bridging in solid wall homes Heat loss through windows jamb, head and sill junctions Uninsulated vs Typical vs Best Practice detailing Space cooling requirements

13 Window Jamb external insulation detailing Closing the performance gap - detailing (a) Uninsulated detail Ref. Weeks, C., Ward, T., King. C., Reducing thermal bridging at junctions when designing and installing solid wall insulation. BRE Trust publications, IHS, Bracknell. Window head (b) Uninsulated case study (c) Typical external insulation (d) Optimal external insulation

14 Closing the performance gap Reference building Energy consumption through window/fabric interface (kwh) Current situation: "Typical external insulation" Current situation: "Typical internal insulation" Best practice: "Optimal external insulation" Best practice: Optimal internal insulation (-82%) 142 (-86%) Ref. Weeks, C., Ward, T., King. C., Reducing thermal bridging at junctions when designing and installing solid wall insulation. BRE Trust publications, IHS, Bracknell.

15 Energy consumption in existing domestic buildings (GWh) Closing the performance gap Roadmap to 2050 Solid wall & system build properties only 199,000 Baseline 197,871 GWh 197,000-1,547 GWh - 0.8% 195, , , , ,000 Conservative scenario: - As built solid brick properties assumed as 100% uninsulated, to: 50% optimal internal and 50% optimal external insulation - System build assumed as 100% uninsulated, to: 50% optimal internal and 50% optimal external insulation - Externally insulated stone/solid brick assumed with 100% typical external insulation, to: 100% optimal external insulation - Externally insulated system build assumed with 100% typical external insulation, to: 100% optimal external insulation Potential scenario: All assumed with 50% typical internal and 50% typical external insulation, to: All assumed with 50% optimal internal and 50% optimal external insulation -5,594 GWh - 2.8% 185,000

16 Energy consumption in existing domestic buildings (GWh) Closing the performance gap Roadmap to 2050 Whole housing stock scale-up 565, ,000 Baseline 559,500 GWh 555,000-9,381 GWh - 1.7% 550, , , , , , ,000 Conservative scenario: - As built solid brick properties assumed as 100% uninsulated, to: 50% optimal internal and 50% optimal external insulation - System build assumed as 100% uninsulated, to: 50% optimal internal and 50% optimal external insulation - Externally insulated stone/solid brick assumed with 100% typical external insulation, to: 100% optimal external insulation - Externally insulated system build assumed with 100% typical external insulation, to: 100% optimal external insulation - Cavity wall (as built) assumed as 100% uninsulated, to: 50% optimal internal and 50% optimal external insulation - Cavity wall (internal/external insulation); Timber and Metal frame; Unknown properties assumed with 50% typical internal 50% typical external insulation, to: 50% optimal internal and 50% optimal external insulation Potential scenario: Whole housing stock assumed with 50% typical internal and 50% typical external insulation, to: Whole housing stock assumed with 50% optimal internal and 50% optimal external insulation -18,758 GWh - 3.4%

17 Space cooling requirements - Methodology The Cambridge Housing Model Interface issues Space cooling requirements Sensitivity analysis space cooling vs total energy demand CHM stock modelling simulations All to 1.1 U; g-values of 0.30; 0.40; 0.50; 0.60; 0.70 and 0.80

18 Total energy demand in existing domestic buildings (GWh) Space cooling energy saving potential from solar control Space cooling energy demand in existing domestic buildings (GWh) Space cooling requirements Sensitivity analysis 545, , , , , , , , % total energy saving 67% space cooling energy saving 4.6% total energy saving 52% space cooling energy saving 5.4% total energy saving 37% space cooling energy saving 19% space cooling energy saving 6.1% total energy saving 23% increase in space cooling energy consumption 1% increase in space cooling energy consumption 6.9% total energy saving 7.6% total energy saving , g 0.40g 0.50g 0.60g 0.70g 0.80g g-values given a 1.1 U glazing unit 0 Total energy demand (GWh) Space cooling energy demand (GWh)

19 Domestic - Summary Domestic Business as usual = 4.2% saving, 23,252 GWh Enhanced uptake = 6.7% saving, 37,487 GWh Technical potential = 8.6% saving, 48,348 GWh Interfaces Business as usual = 1.7% saving, 9,381 GWh Technical potential = 3.4% saving, 18,758 GWh Equivalent to the annual output of 5x Sizewell B power stations!

20 Operational energy/carbon reduction assessment Contents 1. Domestic sector Methodology Scenarios Roadmap to 2030/2050 Closing the performance gap Eliminating the need for cooling 2. Non-domestic sector Methodology Scenarios Roadmap to 2030/ Total energy savings

21 Methodology - The CaRB2 model University College London (UCL) for DECC s National Energy Efficiency Database Military Agriculture, countryside Emergency services/ Courts/ Detention Cover most of England and Wales non-domestic building premises Records of floor areas and energy consumption Energy intensities disaggregated into fossil fuel and electricity Seven post-1980 reference buildings selected large office; medium office; small office; standalone retail; warehouse; primary school; and hospital Community/ Civic/ Waste disposal Transport Health Education Sports Arts and leisure Hospitality Warehouses and storage Factories and workshops Shops Offices Total energy use (GWh)

22 Baseline Non-domestic sector - Scenarios ENHANCED UPTAKE: BUSINESS AS USUAL: All to: U = 2.0 W/m 2 K g = 0.45 All to: U = 1.60 W/m 2 K g = 0.35 Building regs U max = 2.2 W/m 2 K reasonable g to limit solar gain = 0.68 TECHNICAL POTENTIAL: All to: U = 1.10 W/m 2 K g = 0.30

23 Energy consumption (kwh/m 2 ) Business as usual (7.2%) Enhanced uptake (10.3%) Technical Potential (12.5%) Energy savings Reference Buildings Baseline Scenario 1: Business as usual" Scenario 2: Enhanced uptale " Scenario 3: "Technical potential" Large office Medium office Small office Stand-alone retail Warehouse Primary school Hospital Warehouse 0-3% Window to Wall Ratio Large office 38% Window to Wall Ratio 0 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% % improvement over baseline reference building

24 Energy consumption in existing non-domestic buildings (GWh) 2030 horizon Non-domestic sector Roadmap to ,000 Baseline 322,778 GWh 320, , , ,000 Business as usual 2.00 W/m 2 K 0.45 SHGC Where we can go Where we are going -14,187 GWh - 4.4% -17,720 GWh - 5.5% -22,017 GWh - 6.8% 300,000 Enhanced uptake 1.60 W/m 2 K 0.35 SHGC 295, ,000 Technical potential 1.10 W/m 2 K 0.30 SHGC Baseline Scenario 1: "Conservative uptake" Scenario 2: "Uptake with constraints" Scenario 3: "Technical potential" 285,000 Year

25 Operational energy/carbon reduction assessment Contents 1. Domestic sector Methodology Scenarios Roadmap to 2030/2050 Closing the performance gap Eliminating the need for cooling Carbon analysis 2. Non-domestic sector Methodology Scenarios Roadmap to 2030/2050 Carbon analysis 3. Total energy savings

26 Total energy savings in UK Final results Scenario Energy consumption - domestic buildings (GWh) Energy consumption - nondomestic buildings (GWh) Total energy consumption (GWh) Total energy savings (GWh) Total energy savings (%) Scenario 1: Business as usual" Scenario 2: Enhanced uptake" Scenario 3: "Technical potential" 536, , ,839 37, % 522, , ,072 55, % 510, , ,636 70, %

27 horizon Energy consumption in UK existing buildings (GWh) Total energy savings in UK Final results 900, , , , ,000 Where we can go Where we are going Baseline 882,278 GWh -37,439 GWh -4.2% -55,207 GWh -6.3% -70,642 GWh -8.0% 800, , ,000

28 Domestic and Non-Domestic Summary Domestic Business as usual = 4.2% saving, 23,252 GWh (+interfaces at 1.7% saving, 9,381 GWh Enhanced uptake = 6.7% saving, 37,487 GWh Technical potential = 8.7% saving, 48,625 GWh (+ interfaces at 3.4% saving, 18,758 GWh) Non Domestic Business as usual = 4.4% saving, 14,187 GWh Enhanced uptake = 5.5% saving, 17,720 GWh Technical potential = 6.8% saving, 22,017 GWh Overall Business as usual = 4.2% saving, 37,439 GWh Enhanced uptake = 6.3% saving, 55,207 GWh Technical potential = 8.0% saving, 70,642 GWh Equivalent to the annual output of 7.3x Sizewell B power stations!

29 How can this be realised in practice?

30 Stakeholders

31 Strategic vision Home Owners o Take advantage of the value of glazing and the whole life benefits that they can deliver when specified and installed correctly; o Landlords, registered providers, developers and other informed clients should work with industry to set new standards and make best use of available technologies.

32 Strategic vision Industry o Identify and promote best practice, showcase case studies and champions; o Consider glass from a whole building perspective; o Provide and request performance feedback - particularly to specifiers, architects and cladding installers; o Work in partnership with Government to develop a more supportive regulatory framework.

33 Strategic vision Industry (Aluminium) o Whole life and whole building approach glazed areas, U and G values, cooling, operability (natural ventilation), interaction with walls/cladding systems o Design vs. As Built validation and feedback o Product innovation - Long term operational benefits of composite solutions/thermal breaks etc. vs. End of life recycling o SAP and EN ISO fixed window-to-frame ratio assumptions (20% for metal frames and 30% for wood and upvc frames)

34 Strategic vision Governments o Work with the glazing supply chain to help people buy high performance glazing systems, for instance with 5% VAT and a more effective Green Deal; o Encourage and ensure quality and glazing specification based on the entire service life through regulation; o Increase consumers awareness; support industry best practice.

35 Key Findings 1. Domestic: Significant energy savings from optimal use of glazing in existing buildings. To achieve energy efficiency savings requires consideration of glazing in the context of the building as a whole. Additional significant savings through minimisation of thermal bridging 2. Non-Domestic: Significant savings Huge variation across archetypes studied g more sensitive than U in many instances

36 Key Findings 3. Life Cycle Assessment: Complex with high uncertainties Operational energy savings from optimal selection of glazing outweigh marginal manufacturing energy use 4. Skills & Training: Achievement of optimal selection and installation of glazing will require increase in awareness and skills across the supply chain.

37 Key Findings 5. Leadership: Need leadership from glass and glazing industry to engage with supply chain; identify and promote cast studies, champions &best practice; make the business case 6. Carbon: Dependant on assumptions about fuel, generating mix & source Energy savings significant

38 A free copy of the report and the Headline Findings of the research soon available at Thanks for your attention Luke Smith