Residential Modelling using CIBSE TM59 with Case Studies
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1 Residential Modelling using CIBSE TM59 with Case Studies Ashley Bateson, Partner Phil Kelly, Senior Associate Hoare Lea 6 July 2017 July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating w w w. h o a r e l e a. c o m 26
2 Context Predicted climate change impacts on housing The number of heat-related deaths is projected to increase from 2,000 per year currently to 7,000 per year by the 2050s. (Source: The Committee on Climate Change, 2015) July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating w w w. h o a r e l e a. c o m 27
3 Guidance TM59 provides specific guidance on the application of dynamic thermal modelling for residences TM52 provides adaptive comfort guidance for non-domestic buildings Guide A provides environmental design guidance for domestic & non-domestic buildings TM59 provides guidance for domestic buildings July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 28
4 CIBSE TM59 Design methodology for the assessment of overheating risk in homes Key drivers for the new guidance: Standardised occupancy profiles Standardised equipment heat gains Clarification of overheating criteria Highlights risk assessment responsibilities Will help with planning compliance (for GLA) SAP Criterion 3 in Part L of UK Building Regulations is insufficient July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 29
5 CIBSE TM59 Comfort compliance criteria July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 30
6 CIBSE TM59 Comfort compliance criteria July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 31
7 Assessing thermal comfort Air temperature vs operative temperature July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 32
8 CIBSE TM59 Assessment Guidance All high risk dwellings in a development should be identified, with a sample of units to be assessed. Typical risk factors include single aspect, highly glazed, top floor units with limited window openings. At least one corridor should be modelled if community heating pipework is present in corridor, and assessed for overheating risk. Compliance with the criteria is not mandatory, however the risk should reported. Heat gains from communal pipework, heat interface units and heat maintenance tape must be modelled where present. July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 33
9 CIBSE TM59 Assessment Guidance Room occupancy profiles have been standardised, with bedrooms permanently occupied (24/7), and living spaces occupied during the day. Window openable areas should reflect any acoustic, air quality or security constraints. Internal doors may be modelled as open, but bedroom doors should be closed overnight. Internal blinds should only be modelled if provided within the base-build and explained in home user guidance. Results without blinds should also be presented for reference. July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 34
10 CIBSE TM59 Assessment Guidance Weather files to be used is the Design Summer Year (DSY01) adapted for future weather (2020s High emissions 50% scenario). Future climate conditions to be considered. Ventilation from MVHR units should be included and based on normal, acoustically compliant modes of operation (as per CIBSE Guide A). High MVHR flow rates intended for occasional use with louder fan noise should not be assumed. July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 35
11 CIBSE TM59 Design Summer Year (DSY01) 2020s High emissions 50% scenario Maximum 34.6 o C, Minimum -6.7 o C July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 36
12 CIBSE TM59 Design Summer Year (DSY01) 2020s High emissions 50% scenario Hours >26 o C 183 across 31 separate days July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 37
13 CIBSE TM59 Design Summer Year (DSY01) 2020s High emissions 50% scenario Over 26 o C between 09:30 20:30 July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 38
14 Case Study 1 Analysis of an apartment block adjacent to a busy road All apartments designed to have MVHR unit and openable windows for purge ventilation (for Building Regulation Part F compliance and occupant control) July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 39
15 Case Study 1 Analysis of an apartment block adjacent to a busy road Scenario 1 - Natural ventilation with standard MVHR units and no external shading Low overheating risk but opening windows create unreasonable noise levels in the apartments due to external traffic noise 18-30l/s for living rooms & bedrooms July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 40
16 Case Study 1 Analysis of an apartment block adjacent to a busy road Scenario 2 Reduced window opening, larger MVHR units with no external shading Apartments showing some overheating risk l/s for living rooms 36l/s for bedrooms July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 41
17 Case Study 1 Analysis of an apartment block adjacent to a busy road Scenario 3 - Larger MVHR scenario with external shading added The addition of the external shading has resulted in fewer apartments showing overheating risk. Further increases in ventilation rates and other measures are required l/s for living rooms 36l/s for bedrooms July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 42
18 Case Study 1 Analysis of an apartment block adjacent to a busy road Conclusions 1. Natural ventilation (using openable windows) is not suitable at the site, given the high levels of traffic noise, although the modelling shows it would be effective in minimise overheating risk. 2. Standard MVHR ventilation rates are insufficient to avoid overheating risk at the site. 3. Higher MVHR ventilation rates reduce overheating risk when combined with external shading. The recommended solution comprises: Large MVHR unit with high ventilation rates External shading Openable windows for purge ventilation July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 43
19 Case Study 2 Analysis of multiple exposed high-rise apartment blocks Step 1 Choosing the high-risk apartments July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 44
20 Case Study 2 Analysis of multiple exposed high-rise apartment blocks Scenario 1 - Natural ventilation with restrictors, standard MVHR flowrates July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 45
21 Case Study 2 Analysis of multiple exposed high-rise apartment blocks Scenario 2 Enhanced natural ventilation (greater opening angle), standard MVHR flowrates July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 46
22 Case Study 2 Analysis of multiple exposed high-rise apartment blocks Scenario 3 Enhanced natural ventilation, enhanced MVHR flowrates July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 47
23 Case Study 2 Analysis of multiple exposed high-rise apartment blocks Conclusions 1. High levels of glazing and restricted natural ventilation (using openable windows) is insufficient in almost all cases. 2. Enhanced natural ventilation through increased openings make a notable difference but are still insufficient, even when paired with standard MVHR ventilation rates. 3. Higher MVHR ventilation rates made limited impact in this instance, concluding that additional passive design measures are required. July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 48
24 Case Study 3 Modelling vs the real world Key issues found in one project Co-ordination with blinds July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 49
25 Case Study 3 Modelling vs the real world Key issues found in one project Co-ordination with blinds Co-ordination with desks (& occupancy!) July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 50
26 Case Study 3 Modelling vs the real world Key issues found in one project Co-ordination with blinds Co-ordination with desks (& occupancy!) Internal reveals July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 51
27 Case Study 3 Modelling vs the real world Key issues found in one project Co-ordination with blinds Co-ordination with desks (& occupancy!) Internal reveals Sensor & controls locations July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 52
28 CIBSE TM59 Benefits of new methodology Early analysis will identify overheating risks The standardisation of the methodology will improve industry consistency, help establish recognised best practise and enable better comparison between different buildings. Appointments for dynamic thermal modelling should be simpler to instruct. Compliance is likely to require a reasonable degree of passive design measures, such as appropriate glazing areas, external shading, internal blinds (in the base build) or increased thermal mass. Adjustable solar shading at Art House residential development, Kings Cross July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 53
29 CIBSE TM59 Ventilation Implications Naturally ventilated homes will require early stage design appraisals to check whether changes to the building form or solar shading are required. Residences that are predominantly mechanically ventilated will have to satisfy the comfort criteria without the MVHR units being in boost mode. This may increase the MVHR background ventilation rates in new homes. July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 54
30 Mitigating Overheating and Site Considerations Ashley Bateson Partner, Hoare Lea July 2017 July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating w w w. h o a r e l e a. c o m 55
31 We need to design for better performance not just compliance July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 56
32 Busy London high street 100 years ago Camden High Street c.1904 Electrified tram in Camden, c July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating w w w. h o a r e l e a. c o m 57
33 The same street now Modern challenges in urban locations: Traffic noise Retail activity / local pollution Air conditioning units / Urban Heat Island Effect Urban heat island effect / warmer climate July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating w w w. h o a r e l e a. c o m 58
34 Glazing proportions in modern apartments can be > 60% of façade area July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 59
35 Glazing proportions in older buildings generally < 35% of the facade July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 60
36 Lack of natural ventilation / noise & air quality issues (Source: Michael Swainson, BRE) July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 61
37 Site constraints The design needs to consider the local environment Window design needs to be carefully considered External noise levels can be a constraint July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 62
38 Emphasis on collaboration and early assessments Example of the review of site opportunities and constraints (Source: CIBSE) July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 63
39 MVHR installation and access challenges Space required for MVHR, ductwork installations and access to filters (Source: Town and Country Housing Group) July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 64
40 How do you get flexi-duct through a small hole? squeeze it! (Source: Town and Country Housing Group) July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 65
41 MVHR testing, commissioning and servicing Check that specified MVHR flow rates are tested and commissioning and align with the design stage assumptions and modelling expectations. Filters will need easy access for replacement Heat exchangers will require occasional cleaning to maintain performance July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 66
42 Community heating systems can be a source of overheating Poorly insulated heating pipes can generate hot conditions in service risers Many community heating systems are operating 24hrs/day at high temperature (Source: NHBC Foundation) July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 67
43 Internal heat gains from equipment and occupants Ceiling and soffit (showing underfloor heating in apartment above) Spot light in ceiling Underfloor heating Heat gains from occupants July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 68
44 Thank you. Any questions? July 2017 / A.Bateson / Residential overheating 69
45 Modelling Residential Buildings: Comfort, Energy and Well Being 6 th July 2017 IBPSA England London event at Hoare Lea, Stable Street, London N1C 4AB
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