Pusan National University. Young Su Jang. Smart GI &LID Research Group
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1 Pusan National University Young Su Jang Smart GI &LID Research Group
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3 Background 1. Introduction
4 Background 1. Introduction Urbanization: Decreasing Green Area, Increasing Artificial Area Climate Change: Increasing Rainfall and Runoff Global Warming : Increasing Greenhouse Gas Grey City Green Water Cycle City NEED!!! Sustainable Green Water Cycle Infrastructure
5 Background In recent years, there are lots of LID techniques developed to restore the natural condition in the world (Research Result : about 47,2,) BUT.. 1. Introduction
6 Objectives 1. Introduction Therefore this study developed the LID Hydrological Efficiency Simulator, LID Small- Scale Multi-Proposed Simulator and LID Movable Rainfall Simulator etc. at national GI&LID technology facility and center in South of Korea could be possible to verify LID technologies efficiency.
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8 Design & Construction of Rainfall Simulator 1. Introduction Design of Rainfall Simulator -Representing Water Cycle System Why do I have to wait rains for a year? Why do I have to collect the stormwater outside? -Analyzing Natural Phenomenon of Water Balance (Surface Runoff. Interflow, Ground Flow, etc.)
9 LID EXPERIMENT EQUIPMENTS LID RUNOFF HYRAULIC EFFICIENCY TESTOR (LID-RUNOFF.T) LID-RUNOFF.T DETAILS DESCRIPTION Real scale total LID experiment equipment Hydraulic efficiency and soil infiltration capacity experiment Runoff Bed: 14,Ⅹ3,Ⅹ5,2mm 1ea Slope: : Front ~45, back ~5 RAINFALL SIM. INSTALLATION AUTOMATIC MONTORING SYSTEM
10 LID EXPERIMENT EQUIPMENTS LID HYDROLOGICAL EFFICIENCY TESTOR (LID-HYDROL.T) LID-HYDROL.T DETAILS DESCRIPTION LID technologies verification experiment using real time artificial rain Size : 3,Ⅹ3,Ⅹ5,mm Slope: ~12 Test bed frame: 1,Ⅹ1,Ⅹ75 5ea Component: Rainfall simulator, water collection, data logger etc. OPERATION TEST AUTOMATIC MONTORING SYSTEM 1 2
11 LID EXPERIMENT EQUIPMENTS LID SMALL-SCALE MULTI-PROPOSED SIMULATOR (LID-EDU.S) LID-EDU.S DETAILS DESCRIPTION Small-Scale LID simulator that can experiment the character of variety samples at the same time LID technologies education Public relations Runoff Plot: 3Ⅹ5Ⅹ5~2mm RAINFALL SIM. INSTALLATION AUTOMATIC MONTORING SYSTEM 1 2
12 LID EXPERIMENT EQUIPMENTS LID MOVABLE RAINFALL SIMULATOR (LID-RAINS.M.S) LID-RAIN.M.S DETAILS DESCRIPTION Self-assembly rainfall simulator Movable rainfall simulator Field test simulator Size: 2 X 2 X 12 m DESIGN DETAIL SAMPLES 1 2
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14 Compare Permeable with Impermeable Pavement 3. Application Experimental Plots for the Rainfall Simulation Experiment Permeable Block Pavement Impermeable Block Pavement Setting scaled model experiment on the runoff plot (1m by 1m) of rainfall simulator - Scaled model1: Permeable Block Pavement - Scaled model2: Impermeable Block Pavement Table. Structure of layers for pervious and impervious pavement CASE Gravel Layer(cm) Sand Layer(cm) Pavement Layer(cm) Permeable Block Impermeable Block Impervious Block Pavement Pervious Block Pavement
15 Result of Experiment 3. Application Results of Water Balance Analysis(I=3mm/hr) Surface runoff is not occurred by all of 2 cases. Groundwater runoff shows similar value. General Block Pavement Permeable Block Pavement Surface Runoff Groundwater Runoff Storage Surface Runoff Groundwater Runoff Storage.(.%) 3.35(9.85%) 3.65(9.15%).(.%) 3.425(1.7%) 3.575(89.93%) 12 1 General Block Pavement SR GR Rainfall Permeable Block Pavement SR GR Rainfall 2 Q(cm 3 ) Rainfall(mm) Q(cm 3 ) Rainfall(mm) Time(min) Time(min) Results of Rainfall Simulation Measurement
16 Result of Experiment 3. Application Results of Water Balance Analysis(I=5mm/hr) General block has occurred surface runoff, but porous block has not occurred surface runoff. Difference of Groundwater runoff is 2.35%. General Block Pavement Permeable Block Pavement Surface Runoff Groundwater Runoff Storage Surface Runoff Groundwater Runoff Storage 5.83(1.79%) 34.17(59.28%) 14.(25.93%).(.%) 43.(79.63%) 11.(2.37%) 12 1 General Block Pavement SR GR Rainfall Permeable Concret Pavement SR GR Rainfall 5 Q(cm 3 ) Rainfall(mm) Q(cm 3 ) Rainfall(mm) Time(min) Time(min) Results of Rainfall Simulation Measurement
17 Result of Experiment 3. Application Results of Water Balance Analysis(I=1mm/hr) Difference of Surface runoff of 2cases is 19.21%. Difference of Groundwater runoff is 15.51%. General Block Pavement Permeable Block Pavement Surface Runoff Groundwater Runoff Storage Surface Runoff Groundwater Runoff Storage 3.25(28.1%) 65.75(6.88%) 12(11.11%) 9.5(8.8%) 82.5(76.39%) 16(14.81%) 12 1 General Block Pavement SR GR Rainfall 12 1 Permeable Block Pavement SR GR Rainfall Q(cm 3 ) 6 2 Rainfall(mm) Q(cm 3 ) 6 2 Rainfall(mm) Time(min) Time(min) Results of Rainfall Simulation Measurement
18 Result of Experiment Results of Horton Infiltration Model 3. Application Infiltration capacity estimate by collected data of rainfall-runoff reduction experiment. Pervious block s early and end infiltration capacity is larger than impervious block. Pervious pavement has a storage space. Infiltration volume is maximum because of this increasing a lag time. General Block Pavement Permeable Block Pavement f (mm/hr) f c (mm/hr) k(mm/hr) f (mm/hr) f c (mm/hr) k(mm/hr) Holton's Infilltration Models 18mm/hr 54mm/hr 34mm/hr 2 15 Holton's Infilltration Models 18mm/hr 54mm/hr 34mm/hr Infilltration(cm 3 ) 1 Q(cm 3 ) Time(min) Time(min) Results of Rainfall Simulation Measurement
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20 Conclusions 4. Conclusion The simulator serve an important purpose. Especially, the simulator would continually be used to verify a variety of LID practices, it is considerably effective to design urban plan to ensure the safety from flush flood, inundation, and various natural disasters due to climate change. These simulator could experiment the rainfall simulation for GI&LID technologies such as porous pavement, porous asphalt, bioretention and planter box etc. and verify the runoff reduction and the nonpoint pollutant control each GI&LID technologies. The advantage of the simulator design presented here are ease of operation for various artificial rain intensities and stormwater overflow. The simulator shows considerable effectiveness in verifying the level of reduction in hydrologic factors by LID practices. I can t wait rain for all year! Yes, I can make rain and stormwater!
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