C1 6 MARK QUESTIONS QUESTIONS

Transcription

1 Name: C1 6 MARK QUESTIONS QUESTIONS Date:

2 Questions Q1. * An experiment was carried out to determine the amount of heat energy released when different fuels were burned. Equal masses of four different fuels, A, B, C and D, were burned and the heat energy released was used to raise the temperature of 100 g of water. The table shows information about each fuel and the results of the experiment. fuel state of fuel at room temperature ease of lighting fuel relative amount of smoke produced temperature rise of water/ C A gas very easy none 12 B liquid very easy none 20 C liquid easy very little 38 D liquid easy very little 45 Give the advantages and disadvantages of each fuel, explaining which of the four fuels would be best for use in a domestic heater.

3 Q2. * Fuels used in gas fires contain methane. The complete combustion of methane produces carbon dioxide and water. In faulty gas fires, incomplete combustion of methane can take place. Discuss the problems that can be caused by both the complete and incomplete combustion of methane in a gas fire.

4 Q3. * When hydrocarbon fuels burn in a plentiful supply of air they undergo complete combustion, forming carbon dioxide and water vapour. If the air supply is limited incomplete combustion occurs and carbon monoxide and carbon may be formed. Describe the problems that can be caused by these products of complete and incomplete combustion.

5 Q4. * Experiments can be carried out to find the volume of oxygen in a given volume of air. When hot, copper reacts with oxygen. In one experiment the following apparatus is used. At the start of the experiment, 100 cm 3 of air is in gas syringe A. The air is passed backwards and forwards over the heated copper. Describe how the apparatus can be used to show that the 100 cm 3 of air contained 21 cm 3 of oxygen.

6 Q5. Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. * Crude oil is separated into fractions by fractional distillation. The diagram shows a fractional distillation tower that has been partly labelled. Complete the identification of the fractions that are obtained from crude oil and describe uses for the six fractions.

7 Q6. * There are several different brands of indigestion tablets which contain calcium carbonate. The calcium carbonate neutralises excess acid in the stomach. In an investigation, dilute hydrochloric acid was added to an indigestion tablet until the tablet had completely reacted. The volume of hydrochloric acid required was measured. The experiment was repeated with four different brands of tablet, A, B, C and D. The cost of one tablet and the results of the experiment are shown in the table. tablet cost of one tablet (p) volume of hydrochloric acid neutralised by the tablet (cm 3 ) A 5 9 B C 5 4 D Evaluate the results of the experiment to find the effectiveness and value for money of each indigestion tablet.

8 Q7. * Electrolysis can be used to decompose hydrochloric acid, HCl, into its elements. Part of the apparatus that can be used is shown. Explain how you would use this apparatus to carry out the electrolysis of hydrochloric acid in the laboratory, naming the products formed. You may add to the diagram to help with your answer.

9 Q8. * Limestone can be converted into limewater in two steps as shown in the diagram. Describe how limestone is converted into limewater in the laboratory, using these reactions.

10 Q9. * Bioethanol is a biofuel which is produced from plant material. Petrol is a fossil fuel which is obtained from crude oil. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using bioethanol, rather than petrol, as a fuel for vehicles.

11 Q10. * Calcium carbonate occurs naturally as limestone, which is an important raw material. Calcium carbonate has many uses and can be converted into calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide. By describing uses of these three calcium compounds, explain why limestone is such an important raw material.

12 Q11. (HIGHER) * Some biofuels are made from plants. The biofuel ethanol is often made from sugar cane or sugar beet. Petrol is a fossil fuel that is made from crude oil. A small number of filling stations sell biofuels as well as petrol. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using biofuels instead of petrol as a fuel in cars.

13 Q12. (HIGHER) * Natural gas is mainly methane. A gas with similar composition, known as bio-methane, can be produced from plants grown specifically for this purpose. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using bio-methane rather than natural gas as a source of energy.