CO 2 Capture and Sequestration: Overview of Research Efforts Supporting Sustainable Environment in Saudi Arabia

Transcription

1 CO 2 Capture and Sequestration: Overview of Research Efforts Supporting Sustainable Environment in Saudi Arabia Mohamed A. Habib 1, Abdullah S. Sultan 2, Abdulwahab Z. Abdullah 3 1 Center Director TIC-CCS KACST; Prof. ME KFUPM 2 Project Manager TIC-CCS KACST; Center Director CPM KFUPM; Chairman of PE KFUPM 3 Project Manager TIC-CCS; Research Scientist CPM- KFUPM

2 Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge: KFUPM for the continuing support KACST for the financial support of TIC-CCS at KFUPM The JCCP and QP for organizing the Joint GCC-Japan environment symposium and for the generous invitation

3 Climate scientists say we have years not decades, to stabilize CO 2 and other greenhouse gases. CO2 Now :

4 Kyoto Protocol The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) aims at reducing emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. The Protocol was adopted on 11 December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan, and entered into force on 16 February 2005

5 Does Kyoto Protocol works? Progress of emissions of different pollutants (arrows indicate the benchmark 1990 emission accepted by the Conference of Parties of UNFCCC; decision 2/CP.3).

6 Does Kyoto Protocol works? At present CO2 concentration is 387 ppm This is 38% more than pre industry level about 250 years ago; 280 ppm If continued to increase in the same rate we will reach the critical level, 450 ppm, in 30 years.

7 Distribution of CO 2 sources

8 Annual CO 2 emissions by countries, 2008 Rest Saudi Arabia South Africa Italy Mexico South Korea UK Iran Canada Germany Japan Russia Indea European Union USA china 1.45 % ,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 Thousands Mt Annual CO 2 emissions by countries, 2008 thousands of metric tons

9 Annual Changes in the main contributors to the CO 2 emissions in KSA, Data of presidency of Meteorology and Environment (PME) Fertilizer and ammonia Iron and steel Cement 1% 2% 2% 3% 12% 12% Year 2010 Total CO2 Emission 217 Mt Year 1990 Total CO2 Emission 92 Mt Petrochemical 3% 4% Petroleum Refining 11% 15% Desalination 22% 23% Electricity Generation 49% 41%

10 Urbanization in Eastern Province, KSA

11 Annual Changes in the main contributors to the CO 2 emissions in KSA, Data of presidency of Meteorology and Environment (PME) 50 % Electricity generation 70 % Electricity generation + Desalination Carbon capture efforts should be directed toward electricity generation and desalination sectors in KSA

12 Potential sinks The worldwide capacity of potential CO 2 storage reservoirs?? Terrestrial 10s GtC Utilization < 1 GtC ~7 GTC Year Deep saline formation Depleted O/G Reservoirs s GtC 100s GTC Ocean 1000s GtC Worldwide total anthropogenic carbon emissions (1 GtC = 1 billion metric tons of carbon equivalent)

13 CO 2 capture, utilization, sequestration Research Programs in KSA USE STORE capture

14 CCS/CCU Research programs in Saudi Arabia KAPSARC Framework for CCS program in KSA Bi-Lateral Bi-Lateral Saudi Aramco-KFUPM on CCU KFUPM TIC-CCS Technology Innovation Center on CCS Tri-Lateral Tri-Lateral KAIST/KFUPM/SA on CCU

15 CCS/CCU Research Programs in Saudi Arabia The King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center (KAPSARC) OBJECTIVE Development of a Framework for a Carbon Capture and Sequestration [CCS] Program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

16 CCS/CCU Research Programs in Saudi Arabia The King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center (KAPSARC) FOCUS AREAS CCS CCS Current Status of CCS Technologies, Policies, Programs and Applications Assessment of CCS Activities and Programs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia CCS Proposed Framework for CCS Programs and CO 2 Storage in Saudi Arabia

17 CCS/CCU Research Programs in Saudi Arabia CC CC CC Bi-Lateral Saudi Aramco-KFUPM Strategic Collaboration Focus on CCU FOCUS AREAS Development of New / Nano materials for separation of CO 2 and N 2 Mobile CO 2 capture using composite membranes (System integration) Membrane modeling and materials Optimization CU Electrochemical conversion of CO 2

18 CCS/CCU Research programs in Saudi Arabia Bi-Lateral Saudi Aramco-KFUPM Strategic Collaboration Focus on CCU OBJECTIVES Managing carbon dioxide emissions from mobile sources Recovering and utilization of carbon dioxide Establishment of a computational procedure for the numerical simulation of membranes

19 CCS/CCU Research Programs in Saudi Arabia Tri-Lateral KAIST KFUPM - Saudi Aramco Strategic Collaboration Focus on CCU FOCUS AREAS CC CU Novel Functionalized COF/MOF Adsorbents for CO 2 Capture Photocatalytic and Electrochemical Conversion of CO 2 to Fuels Suitable for Vehicle Use

20 CCS/CCU Research Programs in Saudi Arabia Technology Innovation Center on Carbon Capture and Sequestration at KFUPM, Supported by KACST TWO THRUST AREAS CC CS Sources of CO 2 emissions Applicable CC technologies Geologic sequestration opportunities and capacities In addition to CCS the center supports a project for CO 2 Enhancement Oil Recovery [EOR]

21 CCS/CCU Research Programs in Saudi Arabia Technology Innovation Center on Carbon Capture and Sequestration at KFUPM, Supported by KACST MAIN OBJECTIVES Developing strategic technology initiatives Developing best practices for carbon sequestration in KSA Developing creative roles for large / small firms to share the development of the technologies of CCS

22 Carbon capture road map of TIC-CCS THRUST I Oxy-fuel Combustion Post Combustion Conventional Systems Oxygen Transport Reactors Membrane Separation Technology Carbon Dioxide Utilization CC for Mobile Sources Assessment of Carbon Capture Technologies

23 Carbon sequestration road map of TIC-CCS THRUST II Literature survey and data collection Workflow for site selection Impact of CO2 sequestration CO2 for EOR Integration of carbon capture and sequestration

24 Examples of CCS Ongoing research USE STORE capture

25 Sustainable Environment, Climate Change and Renewable Energy for Oil and Gas Industry (The 2nd Joint Qatar-Japan Environment Symposium) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Calculations Saudi Aramco Boiler Model The spread of the flame in the vicinity of the burner region is slower in the case of oxy-combustion Air combustion Oxyfuel combustion Comparison of calculated temperature contours of air/fuel combustion and Oxyfuel combustion in Saudi Aramco boiler

26 Sustainable Environment, Climate Change and Renewable Energy for Oil and Gas Industry (The 2nd Joint Qatar-Japan Environment Symposium) ION TRANPSORT MEMBRANE (ITM) REACTOR CONCEPT Air O2 N2 O2-depleted air High p O2 ITM: T= C Non-Porous Low p O2 H2O CH4 CH4 CO2 CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O Separate O2 from air and use for heat and power production with CO2 capture and storage Two modes of operation: Separation only Separation + reaction

27 Sustainable Environment, Climate Change and Renewable Energy for Oil and Gas Industry (The 2nd Joint Qatar-Japan Environment Symposium) CO2 Utilization (EOR) Issues related to CO2 EOR Injector Producer Poor sweep efficiency due to high CO2 mobility Viscous fingering Gravity override Channeling of CO2 in heterogeneous formation A novel injection strategy with surfactant dissolved in CO2 has: Drastically lowered the injection cost Reduce the loss of surfactant onto the rock surface due adsorption Improves the in-situ foam generation which significantly increase oil recovery

28 Sustainable Environment, Climate Change and Renewable Energy for Oil and Gas Industry (The 2nd Joint Qatar-Japan Environment Symposium) Conclusions Research on carbon capture technologies in Saudi Arabia is ongoing. The research includes the technologies of precombustion, oxyfuel combustion and post combustion. Development of new materials and membranes for separation of hydrogen (pre-combustion), oxygen (oxyfuel combustion) and carbon dioxide (post combustion). Implementation of different capture techniques in Saudi Arabia is initiated. Framework for CCS program is being implemented.

29 Sustainable Environment, Climate Change and Renewable Energy for Oil and Gas Industry (The 2nd Joint Qatar-Japan Environment Symposium) Conclusions Saline aquifers and depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs represent the foreseen option of carbon sequestration in Saudi Arabia. A road map was established to conduct research programs that lead to site characterization and evaluation of potential leakages. It is required to commence the proposed program of sequestration as soon as possible in order to be ready with appropriate sinks for storing captured CO 2.

30 Sustainable Environment, Climate Change and Renewable Energy for Oil and Gas Industry (The 2nd Joint Qatar-Japan Environment Symposium) Conclusions The research initiatives taken place for carbon capture and sequestration in KSA are adequate and aligned with the international protocols. Nevertheless, there is still a real need to develop programs that take care of post-closure and long-term stewardship of the sequestration sites to convince government and society of the safety of the sequestrated CO 2.

31 Sustainable Environment, Climate Change and Renewable Energy for Oil and Gas Industry (The 2nd Joint Qatar-Japan Environment Symposium) T h a n k Yo u