EQUALITY, DIVERSITY AND DISADVANTAGE IN EMPLOYMENT

Transcription

1 EQUALITY, DIVERSITY AND DISADVANTAGE IN EMPLOYMENT

2 Also by Mike Noon THE REALITIES OF WORK (with Paul Blyton)

3 Equality, Diversity and Disadvantage in Employment Edited by Mike Noon and Emmanuel Ogbonna

4 Selection, editorial matter and Chapter 1 Mike Noon and Emmanuel Ogbonna 2001 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition Individual chapters (in order) Wendy Richards; Nelarine Cornelius, Larraine Gooch and Shaun Todd; John Kaler; Lynne Bennington; Harish C. Jain; Ian Cunningham and Philip James; Elisabeth Michielsens, Linda Clarke and Christine Wall; Trevor Colling and Linda Dickens; Cliff Oswick and Patrice Rosenthal; Andrew Pilkington; Gillian Reynolds, Phillip Nicholls and Catrina Alferoff; Irene Bruegel 2001 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act First published 2001 by PALGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of St. Martin s Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd). ISBN DOI / ISBN (ebook) This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

5 Contents Notes on the Contributors vii 1 Introduction: The Key Analytical Themes Mike Noon and Emmanuel Ogbonna 1 2 Evaluating Equal Opportunities Initiatives: The Case for a Transformative Agenda Wendy Richards 15 3 Managing Difference Fairly: An Integrated Partnership Approach Nelarine Cornelius, Larraine Gooch and Shaun Todd 32 4 Diversity, Equality, Morality John Kaler 51 5 Age and Carer Discrimination in the Recruitment Process: Has the Australian Legislation Failed? Lynne Bennington 65 6 Equality and Diversity in Employment in Canada Harish C. Jain 80 7 Managing Diversity and Disability Legislation: Catalysts for Eradicating Discrimination in the Workplace? Ian Cunningham and Philip James Diverse Equality in Europe: The Construction Sector Elisabeth Michielsens, Linda Clarke and Christine Wall Gender Equality and Trade Unions: A New Basis for Mobilisation? Trevor Colling and Linda Dickens Towards a Relevant Theory of Age Discrimination in Employment Cliff Oswick and Patrice Rosenthal 156 v

6 vi Contents 11 Beyond Racial Dualism: Racial Disadvantage and Ethnic Diversity in the Labour Market Andrew Pilkington Disabled People, (Re)Training and Employment: A Qualitative Exploration of Exclusion Gillian Reynolds, Phillip Nicholls and Catrina Alferoff The Full Monty: Men into Women s Work? Irene Bruegel 208 Author Index 229 Subject Index 234

7 Notes on the Contributors Catrina Alferoff is a Research Officer in the Postgraduate School of Medicine at Keele University. She is currently undertaking EU-funded cross-national research into the working lives, training and development of older workers. Previously she researched and lectured in Sociology and Human Resource Management at Staffordshire University. Her principle areas of interest lie in equal opportunities, organisations, the impact of new technologies, power and social change and the restructuring of the NHS. She has published on flexibility and training for older workers, direct mail, new technology and the problem of privacy, and on disability and access to employment. Lynne Bennington is the Research Director of the Graduate School of Management and an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Law and Management at La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia. Prior to becoming an academic, she had significant management experience in both the public and private sectors. In addition to her ongoing research on age discrimination, she has research interests in services quality, public administration, marketing and educational psychology. Her major teaching areas are in human resource management and international management. Irene Bruegel is a political economist with a long standing interest and involvement with gender divisions in the labour market and with local economic development and urban policy in Britain. She is Professor of Urban Policy at South Bank University, helps to run the Local Economy Policy Unit at South Bank and edits the journal Local Economy. Her current research is on gender restructuring in developed western economies. Linda Clarke is a Reader in the Westminster Business School, University of Westminster. As well as teaching on employee relations in Europe, she is responsible for a programme of research within the Education, Training and the Labour Market Research Group on wage relations, skills, training, gender segregation and the labour process in different European countries much of this with specific reference to the construction industry. Her publications include Building Capitalism vii

8 viii Notes on the Contributors (Routledge, 1992) and, with Christine Wall A Blueprint for Change: Construction Skills Training in Britain (Policy Press, 1998). Trevor Colling is Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Human Resource Management at De Montfort University, Leicester. He has researched and published widely in the area of sex discrimination and collective bargaining. He is co-author, with Linda Dickens, of Equality Bargaining Why Not? (HMSO), and contributed to the major programme of research on equal opportunities in Europe undertaken by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. Nelarine Cornelius is a Lecturer in Human Resource Management, and heads the Organisational Change and Development Subject Group in the School of Business and Management at Brunel University. She teaches on a range of undergraduate, post-experience and postgraduate programmes. Prior to becoming a university lecturer, she worked for General Motors (UK and Europe) and also in local government, as an internal consultant in the fields of Management and Organisational Development and Equal Opportunities and Personnel Systems Development. A chartered psychologist, her research interests include the management of workforce diversity and inclusion and organisational learning. She has also acted as a consultant for a number of major private and public sector organisations. Ian Cunningham is a Lecturer in Human Resource Management at the University of Strathclyde. He has previously been involved in research into management initiatives designed to encourage employee involvement and participation. Ian is joint coordinator, with Professor Phil James, of a two-year project funded by Middlesex University examining the impact of the Disability Discrimination Act on absence management policies. His other current research interests include changes to employee relations in the voluntary sector, the impact of the Employment Relations Act, and management policies to reduce violence at work in the rail and airline industries. Linda Dickens is Professor of Industrial Relations at the University of Warwick and a member of its Industrial Relations Research Unit. She has researched and published widely, including work on legal intervention in employment relations and equal employment opportunity.

9 Notes on the Contributors ix Larraine Gooch is a Principal Lecturer in Human Resource Management in the Business School at Oxford Brookes University. She manages the Business School s Human Resource Management and Management Development Unit. She teaches on a range of undergraduate, postgraduate and post-experience programmes. Prior to becoming a University lecturer, she spent a number of years in the field of personnel management in the private and public sectors, including J. Lyons and BBC Television. A Fellow of the Institute of Personnel Management and Development, her research interests include the management of diversity and career paths of women in personnel. Harish C. Jain is a Professor of Human Resources and Labour Relations at the Michael G. DeGroote School of Business at McMaster University. His research interests include human rights, diversity management and employment equity; labour relations policy; and comparative human resource and industrial relations policies of multinationals in developing countries. He has published widely on these issues. He is currently (appointed April 1999) a member of the Canadian Human Rights Act Review Panel. He has been policy advisor and consultant to the South African Department of Labour; the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in Paris, France; and the Royal Commission of Distribution of Income and Wealth in the UK. Philip James is Professor of Employment Relations at Middlesex University Business School. Previously, he has worked at the University of Birmingham and for the Industrial Relations Services. He has published and researched widely in the fields of industrial relations and occupational health and safety. His current research interests include the impact of recent employment law reforms, the regulations of health and safety at work, and the management of absence and disability. He is on the editorial board of the Human Resource Management Journal and is an executive committee member of the Institute of Employment Rights. John Kaler is a Senior Lecturer in the University of Plymouth Business School, teaching business ethics, cultural issues in business, and jurisprudence. He is the co-author (with G. Chryssides) of An Introduction to Business Ethics (Chapman & Hall, 1993; ITP, 1996 second edition forthcoming), and of Essentials of Business Ethics (McGraw-Hill, 1996). Elisabeth Michielsens is a Research Fellow at the University of Westminster with particular interest in gender and labour market issues.

10 x Notes on the Contributors She studied Social and Political Sciences and Business Economics in Belgium and worked in several EU countries as a researcher on crosscountry research concerning the employment of women and men in top positions in business and political life in a global context. Recently she worked with Linda Clarke and Christine Wall on EU initiatives to improve the position of women in non-traditional occupations. Currently, she is researching equal opportunities policies and human resource practices in a European context. Phillip Nicholls is a Principal Lecturer and Head of Department of Sociology at Staffordshire University, teaching comparative social structure, sociological theory and the sociology of health and medicine. He has conducted research on the history of complementary therapy since 1978, and more recently on the issue of disability. The main results of his work on the history of homeopathy are contained in Homeopathy and the Medical Profession (Croom Helm, 1988). Mike Noon is Professor of Human Resource Management at Leicester Business School, De Montfort University. In addition to racial/ethnic discrimination, his research and publications cover contemporary developments in HRM, the impact of technological change on work organisation and industrial relations. He has previously taught and researched at Cardiff Business School and Lancaster University. Emmanuel Ogbonna is Senior Lecturer at Cardiff Business School and Director of the Postgraduate Diploma in Business Administration. His major research and publications are in the areas of organisational strategy, culture, human resource management and the UK food retail sector. His other research interests cover all aspects of race discrimination on government-sponsored training programmes. Cliff Oswick is a Senior Lecturer in Organisational Analysis and Development at the Management Centre, King s College, London, UK. In addition to an interest in the discursive analysis of organisations and organisational phenomena, he has an ongoing research interest in age discrimination which, at present, is primarily concerned with the study of ageist attitudes and stereotyping in the workplace. Andrew Pilkington is Head of the School of Social Studies at University College, Northampton. His primary research interest is within the sociology of race and ethnicity. His publications include Race Relations

11 Notes on the Contributors xi in Britain (1984) and Racial Disadvantage and Ethnic Diversity in Contemporary Britain (2000). Gillian Reynolds has lectured and researched at Staffordshire University. She has since retired from paid employment to concentrate on her personal research interests. She has been closely involved with publishing a Diocesan Guide on creating churches which are accessible and open to people with disabilities, carers of disabled people, and those with mental health needs. Her interests lie in disability issues, Christian spirituality and Christian cultures, and she is currently engaged in research for a book of memories of the twentieth century for her local church. Travel, gardening, walking, church involvement and her family leave her little time to ponder on the benefits of employment. Wendy Richards has been Lecturer in Industrial Relations in the Department of Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations at Keele University since Her principal research interests are interdisciplinary, in the area of gender discrimination and in remedies for discrimination, such as equal opportunities policies and the law. She has published in these areas, as well as on Irish industrial relations and employment law. Patrice Rosenthal is a Lecturer in Organisational Analysis and Human Resource Management at the Management Centre, King s College, London. She has published in a range of journals, including Work, Employment and Society, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, British Journal of Industrial Relations and the International Journal of Human Resource Management. Her work on ageism is part of a wider research interest in discrimination and diversity in the workplace, which includes gender and managerial work. She also conducts research on HRM and front-line service work, and on the evaluation of organisational change. Shaun Todd is an independent consultant working in the areas of human resource management, training and development and diversity. He has worked in the field of diversity management for many years. Previously, he worked as an HR consultant in equal opportunities and recruitment for Great Western Trains. In addition to his consultancy work, Shaun lectures on personnel management professional qualification programmes. He is a Member of the Institute of Personnel and Development.

12 xii Notes on the Contributors Christine Wall is Senior Research Fellow at the Westminster Business School, University of Westminster. Her research interests cover the construction process in Europe, architecture and industrialisation in post-war Britain and the role of women in the European construction industries. Her related publications include Women in Construction in Europe, a special edition of Construction Labour Research News and Staying Power: Women in Direct Labour Building Teams (with Linda Clarke).