From Stress to Wellbeing Volume 2

Transcription

1 From Stress to Wellbeing Volume 2

2 Also by Cary Cooper WELLBEING: Productivity & Happiness at Work (with I. Robertson) WELLBEING AND WORK (with P. Dewe)

3 From Stress to Wellbeing Volume 2 Stress Management and Enhancing Wellbeing Edited by Cary L. Cooper Lancaster University, UK

4 Selection and editorial content Cary L. Cooper 2013 Individual chapters the contributors 2013 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 ISBN All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6 10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act First published 2013 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number , of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave and Macmillan are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN DOI / ISBN (ebook) This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

5 I would like to thank my PhD students for supporting me throughout my career in the field of occupational stress and wellbeing. They have taught me a great deal in the process, and have been a constant source of ideas.

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7 Contents List of Tables List of Figures Acknowledgements Notes on Contributors ix xi xii xv Part VI Stress Management 23 Worksite Stress Management Interventions: Their Effectiveness and Conceptualisation 3 Richard S. DeFrank and Cary L. Cooper 24 Stress and Coping in US Organizations: The Role of the Employee Assistance Programme 14 John Berridge and Cary L. Cooper 25 Healthy Mind; Healthy Organization A Proactive Approach to Occupational Stress 32 C. L. Cooper and S. Cartwright 26 Coping with Work- related Stress: A Critique of Existing Measures and Proposal for an Alternative Methodology 48 Michael P. O Driscoll and Cary L. Cooper 27 Health Behaviours Reported as Coping Strategies: A Factor Analytical Study 62 David K. Ingledew and Lew Hardy, Cary L. Cooper and Hatice Jemal 28 A Multiple Case Study Approach to Work Stress Prevention in Europe 85 Michiel A.J. Kompier, Cary L. Cooper and Sabine A.E. Geurts 29 The Development of a Framework for a Comprehensive Approach to Stress Management Interventions at Work 113 Sabir I. Giga, Cary L. Cooper, and Brian Faragher Part VII Stress and Wellbeing issues 30 The Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on People at Work: Existing Research and Issues 131 Sue Cartwright and Cary L. Cooper vii

8 viii Contents 31 Workers Compensation in Stress- Related Claims: Some Thoughts for Employers in the UK 150 Jill Earnshaw and Cary L. Cooper 32 Employee Stress Litigation: The UK Experience 157 Jill Earnshaw and Cary L. Cooper 33 The Experience of Bullying in Great Britain: The Impact of Organizational Status 169 Helge Hoel, Cary L. Cooper, and Brian Faragher Part VIII Work Life Balance 34 Stress in Two- Earner Couples and Stages in the Life-cycle 193 Suzan N. C. Lewis and Cary L. Cooper 35 Balancing the Work/Home Interface: A European Perspective 212 Suzan Lewis and Cary L. Cooper 36 Family- Responsive Interventions, Perceived Organizational and Supervisor Support, Work Family Conflict and Psychological Strain 229 Michael P. O Driscoll, Steven Poelmans, Paul E. Spector, Thomas Kalliath, Tammy D. Allen, Cary L. Cooper, and Juan I. Sanchez 37 Family- Supportive Organization Perceptions, Multiple Dimensions of Work Family Conflict, and Employee Satisfaction: A Test of Model across Five Samples 246 Laurent M. Lapierre, Paul E. Spector, Tammy D. Allen, Steven Poelmans, Cary L. Cooper, Michael P. O Driscoll, Juan I. Sanchez, Paula Brough, Ulla Kinnunen Part IX Wellbeing 38 The Mental Wealth of Nations 271 John Beddington, Cary L. Cooper, John Field, Usha Goswami, Felicia A. Huppert, Rachel Jenkins, Hannah S. Jones, Tom B. L. Kirkwood, Barbara J. Sahakian and Sandy M. Thomas 39 Well- being Absenteeism, Presenteeism, Costs and Challenges 280 C. L. Cooper and P. Dewe Index 285

9 List of Tables 27.1 Descriptive statistics for the COPE scales and the health behaviour items Factor analysis of the COPE scales on their own Factor analysis of the COPE scales with the health behaviour items except for smoking items Correlations between coping dimensions (saved factor scores) and smoking items Multivariate analysis examining effects of gender and age on coping dimensions (saved factor scores) Overview of nine European cases (country, company, authors) Most important interventions, nine projects Main obstructing factors in the nine cases Main stimulating factors in the nine cases sickness absence was demonstrated. In the fourth case (the Danish bus company) the reduction did not reach significance, probably due to small sample size Have you been bullied at work over the last 6 months? Organizational status and prevalence of bullying Percentages of targets in workgroup Mean negative behaviour scores by organizational status total sample Mean scores and standard deviations for potential stressors on which there were significant differences Home work interface pressure items for which there were significant group differences (range 1 5) Means and standard deviations of stress outcome variables for which there were significant group differences 202 ix

10 x List of Tables 34.4 Predictors of the dependent variables for non- parents and parents Descriptive statistics and correlations for major variables Mediating effects of family- supportive organizational perceptions on the relationship between organizational benefits availability and work family conflict Mediating effects of family- supportive organizational perceptions on the relationship between organizational benefits usage and work family conflict Moderating effects of supervisor support on the relationship between work family conflict and psychological strain Sample demographics Means, standard deviations, zero- order correlations, and coefficients for all study variables (Australia and Canada) Means, standard deviations, zero- order correlations, and coefficients for all study variables (New Zealand and US) Means, standard deviations, zero- order correlations, and coefficients for all study variables (Finland) Tests of configural invariance 260

11 List of Figures 23.1 Levels of stress management interventions and outcomes Numbers of studies evaluating impact of interventions on outcomes Numbers of studies relating specific individual- focus interventions to individual- focus outcomes Numbers of studies relating specific individual- focus interventions to individual/organisation interface- focus outcomes Numbers of studies relating specific individual- focus interventions with organisation- focus outcomes Stress a research model Interventions and outcomes Percentage of studies adopting programs at the three intervention levels (Giga, Faragher, & Cooper, 2003) Percentage of studies adopting each type of stress management intervention program (Giga, Faragher, & Cooper, 2003) A framework for comprehensive stress prevention and management in the workplace Interaction effects of work- to- family interference and supervisor support on psychological strain Proposed theoretical model Standardized path coefficients of theoretical model Mental capital over the course of life 276 Boxes 38.1 Key findings 272 xi

12 Acknowledgements The editor and publishers are grateful for permission from the following publishers to reproduce the following works: American Psychological Association M. P. O Driscoll, S. Poelmans, P. E. Spector, T. Kalliath, T. D. Allen, C. L. Cooper and J. I. Sanchez, Family- responsive Interventions, Perceived Organizational and Supervisor Support, Work- family Conflict and Psychological Strain, 1st November 2003, International Journal of Stress Management 10:4, American Psychological Association S. I. Giga, B. Faragher and C. L. Cooper, The Development of a Framework for a Comprehensive Approach to Stress management Interventions at Work, 1st November 2003, International Journal of Stress Management 10:4, American Psychological Association Elsevier S. Lewis and C. L. Cooper, Balancing the Work/Home Interface: A European Perspective, 1995, Human Resource Management Review 5:4: , Elsevier L. M. Lapierre, P. E. Spector, T. D. Allen, S. Poelmans, C. L. Cooper, M. P. O Driscoll, J. I. Sanchez, P. Brough and U. Kinnunen, Family- supportive Organization Perceptions, Multiple Dimensions of Work Family Conflict and Employee Satisfaction: A Test of Model across Five Samples, August 2008, Journal of Vocational Behavior 73:1, Elsevier Emerald R. DeFrank and C. L. Cooper, Worksite Stress Management Interventions: Their Effectiveness and Conceptualisation, 1987, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Emerald Nature Publishing Group J. Beddington, C. L. Cooper, J. Field, U. Goswami, F. A. Huppert, R.Jenkins, H. S. Jones, T. B. L. Kirkwood, B. J, Sahakian, S. M. Thomas, The Mental Wealth of Nations, October 2008, Nature Vol. 455/23, pp , Nature Publishing Group xii

13 Acknowledgements xiii Oxford University Press C. L. Cooper and P. Dewe, Well- being Absenteeism, Presenteeism, Costs and Challenges, 2nd January 2008, Occupational Medicine 58:8, Oxford University Press Sage Publications C. L. Cooper and S. Cartwright, Healthy Mind; Healthy Organization A Proactive Approach to Occupational Stress, 1st April 1994, Human Relations 47:4, Sage Publications Taylor & Francis Group M. A. J. Kompier, C. L. Cooper and S. A. E. Geurts, A Multiple Case Study Approach to Work Stress Prevention in Europe, 2000, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 9:3 pp , Taylor & Francis Group J. Earnshaw and C. L. Cooper, Employee Stress Litigation: The UK Experience, 1994, Work and Stress 8:4 pp , Taylor & Francis Group J. Berridge and C. L. Cooper, Stress and Coping in US Organizations: The Role of the Employee Assistance Programme, 1993, Work and Stress 7:1 pp , Taylor & Francis Group H. Hoel, C. L. Cooper and B. Faragher, The Experience of Bullying in Great Britain: The Impact of Organizational Status, 2001, European Journal of Work and Organizational Status 10:4 pp , Taylor & Francis Group J. Earnshaw and C. L. Cooper, Workers Compensation in Stress- Related Claims: Some Thoughts for Employers in the UK, 1991, Work and Stress Vol. 5:3 pp , Taylor & Francis Group John Wiley & Sons Ltd. S. Cartwright and C. L. Cooper, The Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on People at Work: Existing Research and Issues, 1990, British Journal of Management, l (2), 65 76, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. We would also like to thank the British Psychological Society for the use of the following works. M. P. O Driscoll and C. L. Cooper, Coping with work- related stress: A critique of existing measures and proposal for an alternative methodology, 1994, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 67, , The British Psychological Society

14 xiv Acknowledgements Health behaviours reported as coping strategies: A factor analytical study, D. K. Ingledew, Lew Hardy and C. L. Cooper, 1996, British Journal of Health Psychology 1, , The British Psychological Society Stress in Two- earner Couples and Stages in the Life- cycle, S. Lewis and C. L. Cooper, 1987, Journal of Occupational Psychology 60, , The British Psychological Society Every effort has been made to trace rights holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publishers would be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

15 Notes on Contributors (The affiliations of the Contributors below are those at the time of the publication of their article.) Tammy D. Allen, University of South Florida, USA John Beddington, Government Office for Science in London, UK John Berridge, Manchester School of Management, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, UK Paula Brough, School of Psychology, Griffith University, Australia Sue Cartwright Department of Management Sciences, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, UK Cary L. Cooper, Department of Management Sciences, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, UK Richard S. DeFrank, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA Phil Dewe, Department of Organizational Psychology, Birkbeck, University of London, UK Michael P. O Driscoll, University of Waikato, New Zealand Jill Earnshaw, Manchester School of Management, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, UK E. Brian Faragher, Department of Medical Statistics, University Hospital of South Manchester (Withington), Manchester, UK John Field, Centre for Research in Lifelong Learning, Stirling Institute of Education, University of Sterling, UK Sabine A. E. Geurts, Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Sabir I. Giga, Department of Management Sciences, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, UK Usha Goswami, University of Cambridge, UK Lew Hardy, Division of Health and Human Performance, University of Wales, UK Helge Hoel, Department of Management Sciences, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, UK Felicia A. Huppert, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK xv

16 xvi Notes on Contributors David K. Ingledew, Division of Health and Human Performance, University of Wales, UK Paul R. Jackson, MRC/ESRC Social and Applied Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, UK Hatice Jemal, Division of Health and Human Performance, University of Wales, Bangor, UK Rachel Jenkins, Institute of Psychiatry, King s College London, UK Hannah S. Jones, Government Office for Science in London, UK Thomas Kalliath, University of Waikato, New Zealand Ulla Kinnunen, University of Jyväskylä, Family Research Unit, Finland Tom B. L. Kirkwood, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, UK Michiel A. J. Kompier, work and Organizational Psychology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Laurent M. Lapierre, Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Canada Suzan N. C. Lewis, Department of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK Adrian Nelson, Department of Management Sciences, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, UK Steven Poelmans, IESE Business School, University of Navarra, Spain Barbara J. Sahakian, Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Cambridge, UK Juan I. Sanchez, Florida International University, USA Paul E. Spector, University of South Florida, USA Sandy M. Thomas, Government Office for Science in London