SECOND EDITION MANAGING DIVERSITY. Toward a Globally Inclusive Workplace. Michalk E. Mor Barak University of Southern California SAGE

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1 SECOND EDITION MANAGING DIVERSITY Toward a Globally Inclusive Workplace Michalk E. Mor Barak University of Southern California SAGE Los Angeles London New Delhi Singapore Washington DC

2 Contents List of Boxes, Figures, and Tables Preface and Acknowledgments xi xv Chapter 1. Introduction and Conceptual Framework 1 The Challenge of Managing Diversity in a Global Context 2 Tensions Posed by Global Workforce Trends 4 Diversity and Exclusion: A Critical Workforce Problem 6 The Inclusive Workplace Model 8 Conceptual Framework and Organization of the Book 12 PART I: THE GLOBAL CONTEXT FOR DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT 15 Chapter 2. Diversity Legislation in a Global Perspective: Equality and Fairness in Employment 16 The International Bill of Human Rights and Employment Rights ' 17 Importance and Influence of the Declaration of Human Rights 21 Implementation 23 Diversity-Related Employment Legislation 25 Broad-Based Antidiscrimination Legislation 26 Practical Implications 36 Appendix 2.1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights 44 Appendix 2.2. Global Antidiscrimination and Equal Rights Legislation Checklist of Protections Offered by Select Number of Countries 50

3 Chapter 3. Discrimination, Equality, and Fairness in Employment: Social Policies and Affirmative/ Positive Action Programs 59 Discrimination and Equality in Employment 60 Theoretical Perspectives of Discrimination and Affirmative Action 63 Social Policies and Affirmative/Positive Action Programs 65 Principles of Affirmative Action and Positive Action Programs 69 The Public Debate Over Affirmative and Positive Action Policies 75 Chapter 4. Global Demographic Trends: Impact on Workforce Diversity 83 Martha Farnsworth Riche and Michalle E. Mor Barak International Population Trends 84 National Trends 95 Chapter 5. Socioeconomic Transitions: The New Realities of the Global Workforce 107 Martha Farnsworth Riche and Michalle E. Mor Barak Worker Migration 110 Occupational Diversity 112 Migration of Employers 115 Implications for Diversity of Gender, Disability, and Sexual Orientation 120 Educational Trends and Workforce Diversity 121 PART II: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF WORKFORCE DIVERSITY 129 Chapter 6. Defining Diversity in a Global Context: Prejudice and Discrimination 130 Workforce Diversity Defined 132 Toward a Global Definition of Diversity 146 Stereotypes and Prejudice 149 Dehumanization and Oppression 155 Employment-Related Discrimination 158 Chapter 7. Vive la Difference? Theoretical Perspectives on Diversity and Exclusion in the Workplace 164 Diversity and Exclusion: A Critical Workforce Problem 165 Theoretical Underpinnings of the Inclusion-Exclusion Construct 167 Research on Organizational Demography Documenting Exclusion 170 Social Psychological Theories on Diversity and Intergroup Relations 173

4 Chapter 8. Culture and Communication in the Global Workplace 189 The Cultural Context for the Global Workplace 190 Cross-Cultural Communication 201 Effective Cross-Cultural Communication 203 Chapter 9. Interpersonal Relationships in a Global Work Context 213 Jeffery Sanchez-Burks and Michalle E. Mor Barak Cultural Styles and Relational Mental Models 215 Diversity in Interpersonal Relationships 218 Interpersonal Relationships and Cross-Cultural Communication 223 Theoretical Perspectives on Interpersonal Cross-Cultural Communication 225 PART III: MANAGING A DIVERSE WORKFORCE IN THE GLOBAL CONTEXT THE INCLUSIVE WORKPLACE 233 Chapter 10. Diversity Management: Paradigms, Rationale, and Key Elements 234 Defining Diversity Management 235 From Equal Rights Laws, to Affirmative/ Positive Action, to Diversity Management 237 Diversity Management Paradigms 240 The Impetus for Implementing Diversity Management 246 Characteristics and Limitations of Diversity Management 248 Chapter 11. An Overview of the Inclusive Workplace Model: Managing the Globalized Workforce Diversity 252 Diversity Management and the Inclusive Workplace 253 Chapter 12. The Inclusive Workplace: Level I Inclusion Through Diversity Within the Work Organization 256 Inclusive Policies and Practices 257 Inclusive Approach at Level I 260 Case Illustration: Level I Inclusion Through Diversity Within Work Organizations Denny's, Inc. 264 Questions for Discussion and Further Analysis 272 Chapter 13. The Inclusive Workplace: Level II Inclusion Through Corporate-Community Collaborations 274 Inclusive Policies and Practices 276 Inclusive Approach at Level II 279 Case Illustration: Level II Inclusion Through Corporate-Community Collaboration Unilever 281 Questions for Discussion and Further Analysis 288

5 Chapter 14. The Inclusive Workplace: Level III Inclusion Through State/National Collaborations 290 Inclusive Approach at Level III 293 Case Illustration: Level III Inclusion of Disadvantaged Groups at the National/State Level Eurest 295 Questions for Discussion and Further Analysis 301 Chapter 15. The Inclusive Workplace: Level IV Inclusion Through International Collaborations 303 Barriers and Benefits to Implementing the Inclusive Approach at Level IV 307 Case Illustration: Level IV Inclusion Through Global Collaborations The Fair Trade Company 308 Fair Trade History 310 Global Village and the Fair Trade Company 312 Fair Trade Future 313 Questions for Discussion and Further Analysis 314 Chapter 16. Toward a Globally Inclusive Workplace: Putting the Pieces Together 317 The Value Base for the Inclusive Workplace 317 Implementation of the Inclusive Workplace 318 Appendix 324 References 333 Index 372 About the Author, 389

Toward a Globally. Inclusive Workplace. Fourth Edition. Michaile E. Mor Barak. University of Southern California (DSAGE

Toward a Globally. Inclusive Workplace. Fourth Edition. Michaile E. Mor Barak. University of Southern California (DSAGE Managing Diversity Toward a Globally Inclusive Workplace Fourth Edition Michaile E. Mor Barak University of Southern California (DSAGE Los Angeles London ) New Delhi Singapore Washington DC Melbourne Contents