OHC TRAINING LEVEL 2. Workbook. Inspections and Investigations.

Transcription

1 OHC TRAINING LEVEL 2 Inspections and Investigations Workbook

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3 Workplace inspections Level 2 Occupational Health Committee Training 1 Slide 2: How to conduct inspections How to conduct inspections 2 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 1

4 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Emergency exits Washrooms No smoking policy Cell phones Breaks Administration 3 Form OHCs Number off Move to occupational health committee (OHC/committee) with your number You will practice working through the projects with your committee 4 2 June 2016

5 Workplace inspections Course materials Name card Workbook Self check Evaluation Reference publications Inspections: A Guide for Committees and Representatives Investigations: A Guide for Committees and Representatives Legislation 5 Learning objectives Slide 6: Learning objectives 1. Purpose of inspections 2. How to plan an inspection 3. How to conduct an inspection 4. How to handle inspection results 5. How to review inspection system 6 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 3

6 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Introductions Instructor Introduce yourselves Name Employer Industry How long have you been part of the OHC? Does the OHC conduct regular inspections at your workplace? 7 Icebreaker project Select a spokesperson to guide the discussion as you review questions Discuss each question and record answers in workbook Spokesperson will explain to class 8 4 June 2016

7 Workplace inspections Icebreaker project 1. What personal experiences have you had with inspections in your workplace? 2. Can you think of some reasons why people may not want to conduct inspections? Think of ways to overcome each reason. 3. Record what you want to learn about workplace inspections today (one point for each person in your group/ohc). 9 Notes Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 5

8 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Icebreaker project What personal experiences have you had with inspections in your workplace? Can you think of some reasons why people may not want to conduct inspections? Think of ways to overcome each reason. Record what you want to learn about workplace inspections today. 6 June 2016

9 Workplace inspections Slide 10: Objective 1 Objective 1 Purpose of inspections 10 What is an inspection? A formal inspection is a planned walk-through or an examination of: A workplace Selected work areas Particular hazard(s) Work practices Machinery, tools, equipment 11 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 7

10 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Project: Benefits of inspections Take five minutes to discuss how inspections can make your workplace healthy and safe Record answers in workbook Be prepared to share with class 12 How can inspections make your workplace healthy and safe? 8 March 2015

11 Workplace inspections Benefits of inspections Prevent incidents and illnesses Help avoid many of the costs associated with incidents Communication with workers Raise OHC s profile and improve awareness of occupational health and safety 13 Purpose of inspections Compare current conditions with standards Determine if gaps exist Identify causes for gaps Develop recommendations for corrective action 14 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 9

12 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Employer s duties Employer is accountable to: Ensure inspections required by OHS legislation are performed effectively Ensure that OHC or representative conducts regular and effective inspections (regulation 28) Provide OHC and workers with all required information at place of employment (SEA 3-16) 15 Employer inspections OHS legislation requires employers to inspect: Plant (SEA 3-1(1)(w)) System of work Working environment Specific hazards related to the work June 2016

13 Workplace inspections Examples of inspections employer must perform What to inspect? Inspecting workplace Duty to ensure safety of respirators Work at height Mobile equipment Mobile equipment Scaffolds Cranes WHMIS Regulation Reg 23, Examination of plant Reg 89, Inspection of respiratory protective devices Reg 107, Inspection of full body harness, etc. Reg 155, Visual inspection Reg 156, Inspection and maintenance Reg 193, Maintenance and inspection Reg 216, Inspections Part XXII, Controlled Products Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System 17 What inspections does OHC perform? Slide 18: What inspections does OHC perform? Regular, planned inspections of the workplace (reg 28) Inspections with an occupational health officer (OHO) (reg 20) Intermittent and special inspections 18 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 11

14 WorkSafe Saskatchewan When to conduct special OHC inspections Increasing health and safety concerns Introduction of new equipment Inexperienced workers start work Incidents occur Dangerous occurrences take place An OHO finds a deficiency 19 Purpose of OHC inspections To identify hazards To check effectiveness of inspections conducted by employer To check effectiveness of elements in employer s health and safety system June 2016

15 Workplace inspections Purpose of OHC inspections Discuss concerns with workers Review records, logs, books required by employer First-aid register Maintenance logs Crane logs Lists of chemical and biological substances 21 How can employer help with OHC inspections? Provide training Provide resource and time Help plan and schedule inspections Help develop checklists Encourage OHC to look for root causes 22 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 13

16 WorkSafe Saskatchewan OHC inspections training Include general knowledge about: Health and safety standards Legislation Process to conduct inspections How to identify hazards and assess risk 23 OHC inspections training Site-specific information about: Workplace hazards and hazardous areas PPE information (including limitations) Work processes and work areas Workplace engineering controls June 2016

17 Workplace inspections OHC inspections training Worker orientation and training necessary to work safely Equipment and materials suppliers recommendations How to handle concerns 25 Project: How inspections make OHCs effective In your group, list three ways inspections can make your committee more effective Slide 26: How inspections make OHCs effective Record answers in workbook Be prepared to share answers with class 26 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 15

18 WorkSafe Saskatchewan List three ways inspections can make your committee more effective. How inspections make OHCs effective Listen to worker concerns Learn more about the workplace (hazards and risks) Identify root causes that help employer s health and safety system Recommend corrective action (including follow up) June 2016

19 Workplace inspections Objective 2 How to plan an inspection 28 How often to inspect? Work out schedule with employer OHS Division recommends before each OHC meeting 29 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 17

20 WorkSafe Saskatchewan How in depth should inspections be? Work with employer to decide Consider workplace Tools and technology Work processes and people Get help from outside OHC when needed 30 What should OHC inspect? It s up to the OHC Divide workplace and assign areas to OHC members or teams Members inspect specific items June 2016

21 Workplace inspections Who on OHC should inspect? All OHC members Co-chairpersons Ask employer to involve specialists 32 Plan inspection OHC and employer decide: Inspection schedules How often an item/area must be inspected How to notify employer of inspection results 33 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 19

22 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Inspection reminders Consider what to inspect Entire workplace Every hazard Every item in employer s OHS system Inspect entire workplace with reasonable time (at least annually) 34 Video Inspecting for hazardous conditions June 2016

23 Workplace inspections Workplace hazards Slide 36: Workplace hazards What is a hazard? Activity, situation or substance that could harm a worker Two broad categories: Health hazards Safety hazards 36 Health hazards A health hazard is any agent, situation or condition that can cause occupational illness Five types: 1. Chemical hazards 2. Biological hazards 3. Physical agents 4. Work design (ergonomic) hazards 5. Workplace stress (harassment and violence) 37 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 21

24 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Safety hazards A safety hazard is anything that could cause an injury Injuries caused by a safety hazard are usually obvious: Slip, trip or fall Pinch or nip point on machinery Fall from a height Material falling on a worker Fire or explosion 38 What is risk? Slide 39: What is risk? A risk is the chance that a hazard will actually harm a worker Risk factors to consider: Frequency: How many workers and how often Severity: How serious the harm Probability: How likely could it happen June 2016

25 Workplace inspections To help set priorities Think about: Risk assessment How many workers and how often are they exposed to each hazard? How seriously could workers be harmed? How quickly could a dangerous situation arise? Have problems come up before? 40 What to inspect Make list of things to inspect Plant Structures Materials Machines, tools and equipment Chemical and biological substances 41 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 23

26 WorkSafe Saskatchewan What to include on list? Health and safety programs Policies, plans and procedures People Orientation, training and supervision Task procedures and safe work practices 42 What to include on list? Work environment Light, noise, heat/cold, ergonomics, ventilation First-aid, fire and emergency plans PPE Respirators, hard hats, safety shoes, safety glasses, clothing June 2016

27 Workplace inspections What to inspect? Review Maintenance records Incident history Incident reports Manufacturers manuals SDS sheets 44 Talk with workers What to inspect? Workers may grow used to a hazard OHC is a fresh pair of eyes that can help identify hazards 45 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 25

28 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Consider: Clutter Exits and entrances Tools and equipment Overcrowding Waste, spills, leaks Housekeeping 46 Items inventory form June 2016

29 Workplace inspections Project: Inspections Slide 48: Project inspections 1. Discuss hazards at your workplace 2. Record one hazard that needs to be inspected for each person in your group 3. Select three items from your group s list What sections from the regulations apply? 4. Discuss hazards with class 48 Notes Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 27

30 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Project: Inspections Discuss hazards at your workplace. Record one hazard that needs to be inspected for each person at your table. Select three items from your group s list and identify what OHS legislation applies. Inventory of critical parts, items, substances and hazardous conditions Item: (identify machine, tool, equipment, material, work area, etc.) Department: Inventoried by: Location: Approved by: Item Potential for harm Regulation 1 Example: WHMIS degreaser Employer requires current SDS for controlled product June 2016

31 Workplace inspections Inventory of critical parts, items, substances and hazardous conditions Item: (identify machine, tool, equipment, material, work area, etc.) Department: Inventoried by: Location: Approved by: Item Potential for harm Regulation Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 29

32 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Use your list to: What s next? Identify risk and potential exposure to each hazard Use hazard lists to develop checklists and inspection recording forms Lists are never final always re-evaluate 49 Hazard and risk assessment Establish priorities Some hazards may have higher priority Chemical and biological hazards Tools and equipment Machinery OHCs need to inspect all hazards June 2016

33 Workplace inspections Project: Risk assessment 1. Discuss risk for three hazards identified by your group 2. Determine priority list from highest to lowest hazard 3. Choose spokesperson to discuss priorities 51 Notes Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 31

34 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Project: Risk assessment Discuss risk for three hazards identified by your group. Hazard 1: How many workers are exposed to the hazard and how often? How serious could workers be harmed if something went wrong? What is the likelihood that a dangerous situation could occur? Hazard 2: How many workers are exposed to the hazard and how often? How serious could workers be harmed if something went wrong? What is the likelihood that a dangerous situation could occur? Hazard 3: How many workers are exposed to the hazard and how often? How serious could workers be harmed if something went wrong? What is the likelihood that a dangerous situation could occur? Prioritize hazards from highest risk to lowest. Highest risk: Next: Lowest: 32 June 2016

35 Workplace inspections Identify standards Standard: A workplace requirement Inspection will compare what you find against standards and identify deficiencies Build standards into checklist questions Use standards when writing recommendations 52 Standards measure workplace conditions Equipment (operators ) manuals Industry best practices Legislation Supplier information/instructions 53 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 33

36 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Places to look for standards 34 June 2016

37 Workplace inspections Develop inspection documents Create/Develop what types of documents? Checklists Recording forms Note: It s not a legal requirement and there are no standard forms 55 Checklists Advantages Consistent, systematic and efficient Help inspectors remember what to inspect (won t miss anything) Allow for comparing current conditions with standards Help with developing recommendations 56 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 35

38 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Checklists 1. Identify what to inspect 2. Identify standards to measure workplace conditions 3. Take each standard and develop yes/no question 4. Organize questions by topic 57 Example: WHMIS degreaser Step 1. Identify what to inspect 2. Identify standards to measure workplace conditions Checklist development Safe use of a controlled product Regulation 325: An employer who acquires a controlled product for use at workplace must have an SDS for that product 3. Take each standard and develop yes/no question 4. Organize questions by topic Did a current SDS come with the controlled product? SDS Container labels Worker training June 2016

39 Workplace inspections Checklists Organize checklist/questions by topic People Work environment Chemical/Biological hazards Machinery, tools and equipment Safe operating procedures 59 Checklist: Orientation and training Work practices Safety procedures Supervision Experience Ergonomics 60 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 37

40 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Checklist: Machines and mobile equipment Electrical equipment Hand tools, PPE and clothing Elevators, hoists and lifts First aid and fire protection Emergency response Slide 61: Forklift truck checklist 61 Checklist: Light and illumination Dust, fumes and vapours Work area design Hot and cold conditions Noise Housekeeping and storage June 2016

41 Workplace inspections Checklist: WHMIS products Biological substances Chemicals Other materials of concern to workers 63 Checklist: Work operations Types of equipment/tools New process/machinery Safe operating procedures Maintenance Cleaning operations 64 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 39

42 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Project: Checklists 1. For the three recorded hazards, use OHS legislation to create two question to use on a checklist 2. Use blank checklist in workbook to record questions Questions determine if inspection condition meets standard 65 Notes 40 June 2016

43 Workplace inspections Project: Checklists For the three hazards you recorded, use OHS legislation to create two questions to use on a checklist. Checklist questions Work area and substance inspected: Date/Time/Shift: Employer inspector: Worker inspector: Item Notes Meets standard? Yes No WHMIS degreaser 1. Did a current SDS come with controlled product? Reg 325 Hazard 1: Hazard 2: Hazard 3: Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 41

44 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Shortcomings May not cover everything Checklists Do not perform inspections simply to complete a checklist Inspection monitors employer s health and safety system Inspectors may miss hazards and worker concerns 66 Inspection recording form Identify hazards not on checklist Record: Each area or item inspected Hazards and risk for each item Exemplary situations (e.g., excellent housekeeping or safe work procedures) June 2016

45 Workplace inspections Inspection recording form Record worker concerns Supplement checklists Discuss at next OHC meeting 68 Slide 69: How to conduct an inspection Objective 3 How to conduct an inspection 69 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 43

46 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Before inspection Review necessary documents Determine inspection route Assemble resources 70 Floor plans and work-flow diagrams Identify: Inspection routes and meeting places Hazards and incidents Bottlenecks New technology Storage rooms June 2016

47 Workplace inspections Resources Employer provides resources you need to conduct inspection Resources depend on what you inspect Clipboards Inspection checklist Measuring tape/ruler PPE Pens/Pencils Recording forms Flashlight 72 Resources Monitoring equipment Air monitors, noise metres Sampling containers Approved containers for sending samples to lab Special PPE for specific hazards/conditions 73 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 45

48 WorkSafe Saskatchewan The inspection Communicate with workers and supervisors Use inspection checklists and forms Look for hazards Check employer s health and safety system Inspect safely Minimize disruptions 74 The inspection Look in out-of-the-way places Use your senses Take careful notes Follow up on concerns raised on previous inspections June 2016

49 Workplace inspections The inspection Slide 76: The inspection What if there is something wrong? Record concern Talk with workers Determine hazard and assess risk Tell supervisor or employer If it s serious, hold an OHC meeting 76 Communicating with workers Purpose of inspections are to find facts not faults Ask about patterns (e.g., incidents, illnesses) Ask about orientation and training Pay attention to new and inexperienced workers Discuss previous concerns raised by workers 77 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 47

50 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Subcontractors and inspections OHC has no authority over workers of other employers Employer must coordinate OHC activities with any other employers at the workplace OHC follows employer s process to identify safety concerns regarding subcontractors 78 Subcontractor concerns Note hazard and inform supervisor If it s serious, discuss with supervisor immediately Check effectiveness of employer s policy June 2016

51 Workplace inspections Project: Hazard identification 1. Review photo assigned to your group 2. Identify hazards/concerns on inspection record form in workbook 3. Determine a standard using OHS legislation 4. Share with class 80 Notes Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 49

52 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Project: Hazard identification Review the photo assigned to your group. Identify hazards or concerns. Determine a standard using OHS legislation. Inspection recording form Work area(s): Department: Date/Time/Shift: Inspectors: Page of Date discussed by OHC: Item Item detected Regulation June 2016

53 Workplace inspections Inspection recording form Work area(s): Department: Date/Time/Shift: Inspectors: Page of Date discussed by OHC: Item Item detected Regulation Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 51

54 WorkSafe Saskatchewan June 2016

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56 WorkSafe Saskatchewan June 2016

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58 WorkSafe Saskatchewan June 2016

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60 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Objective 4 How to handle inspection results 93 OHC responsibilities Discuss what was found Develop recommendations Meet immediately if concerns are serious Record meeting minutes June 2016

61 Workplace inspections Effective recommendations Short-term solutions solve immediate causes of problem Long-term solutions remove the root cause 95 Recommend corrective action Gather consensus Report to appropriate authority Develop and present recommendations (advantages and disadvantages) Identify root causes Encourage promptness (include short-term recommendations if necessary) Record minutes and inform workers 96 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 59

62 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Regulation 28, Inspection of place of employment On written notice by OHC of an unsafe condition or contravention, employer must: Take immediate steps to protect workers safety Take suitable action to correct situation Inform OHC in writing of actions taken (or not taken) 97 Corrective action Employer may not be able to correct some problems without lengthy research or outside help Employer must still make it safe for workers (shortterm solutions) Inform workers of status through process until complete June 2016

63 Workplace inspections Develop recommendations 1. Use hazards/concerns noted from hazard identification project (photo) 2. Note applicable OHS legislation 3. Develop short- and long-term recommendations (use minutes form in workbook) 4. Share with class 99 Develop recommendations Using the hazards and concerns noted from the previous project to develop short- and long-term recommendations. Use the OHC meeting minutes form to record your recommendations. Include applicable OHS legislation. Complete the OHC minutes form. Create a company name, address, dates, number of workers, etc. Use the people in your group as OHC members and record their names. Include employer and worker members and determine co-chairpersons. Have the co-chairs review the minutes and sign the form. Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 61

64 WorkSafe Saskatchewan OHC minutes form 62 June 2016

65 Workplace inspections Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 63

66 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Notes 64 June 2016

67 Workplace inspections Be proactive No recommendations? Record inspection in meeting minutes Promote organization s health and safety success stories Plan OHC meetings, video screenings and safety talks 100 Slide 101: Objective 5 Objective 5 How to review inspection system 101 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 65

68 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Inspection evaluation OHC s role to review effectiveness of employer s health and safety system Inspections are proactive taking action before someone is injured Aspects of work can change and require updates to inspection process Processes, technology, chemicals, tools and equipment 102 What to ask Is inspection system working properly? Are inspections identifying concerns, hazards and risks? What effects are inspections having? Is the frequency of inspections appropriate? June 2016

69 Workplace inspections How to improve Talk about inspections at OHC meetings and with workers Good documentation Post meeting minutes for others to review Look for new ideas 104 How does employer help? Sets standards Provides resources and training Shares information and consults OHC Helps OHC evaluate effectiveness of inspection system 105 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 67

70 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Summary Slide 106: Summary 1. The purpose of inspections 2. How to plan an inspection 3. How to conduct an inspection 4. How to handle inspection results 5. How to review inspection system 106 saskatchewan.ca worksafesask.ca ccohs.ca Important websites June 2016

71 Workplace inspections Self-check for Level 2 - Workplace Inspections Name: Instructor s name: 1. Identify three types of inspections performed by the OHC. (a) Identify and list of all chemical and biological substances used, handled, stored or disposed of at workplace (b) Inspection with OHOs (d) Intermittent inspections warranted by special circumstances, such as new workers (e) Specific inspections of machinery, tools and equipment required by specific regulations (c) Regular workplace inspections under regulation 28 (f) Inspections of plant required under regulation Identify three reasons for inspections. (a) Ensure compliance (d) Identify problems other inspections missed (b) Perform detailed technical checks (e) Identify responsibility for defects (c) Evaluate effectiveness of employer s health and safety (f) Discuss concerns with employees management system 3. Identify five health hazards to look for during inspections. (a) Chemical hazards (d) Anything that could cause a physical injury (b) Tool, equipment and machinery hazards (e) Work design (ergonomic) hazards (c) Physical agents (energy) (f) Biological hazards 4. Identify four steps in the inspection process. (a) Decide what to inspect (d) Develop inspection checklists (b) Follow up to ensure compliance (e) Take corrective action (c) Meet to discuss what the inspection found and prepare (f) Conduct an inspection and record findings OHC minutes to recommend corrective action 5. Identify four questions to ask when assessing and setting inspection priorities. (a) How many workers are exposed to the hazard? (d) How often could danger occur? (b) How difficult is the item to inspect? (e) What inspections have been performed recently? (c) How quickly could a dangerous situation occur? (f) How serious could workers be harmed? 6. Identify three steps to develop checklists. (a) Identify standards to measure conditions (d) Make each standard a question (b) Assess the risk of harm (e) Identify how to record concerns (c) Record findings (f) Organize questions by topic 7. Identify four steps in conducting an inspection. (a) Meet with employer to discuss concerns (d) Inspect methodically using checklists (b) Organize the inspection (e) Discuss concerns with workers (c) Note concerns on recording forms (f) Prepare recommendations for short- and long-term corrective action /3 /3 /5 /4 /4 /3 /4 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 69

72 WorkSafe Saskatchewan 8. Identify seven procedures that OHS Division recommends to resolve health and safety concerns. (a) Encourage workers to bring specific concerns to supervisor and general concerns to OHC or representative (f) If the co-chairs cannot resolve a concern, discuss it at the next OHC meeting (representative meet with employer) (b) If the supervisor cannot resolve the concern, take it to the OHC or representative (c) Report concerns directly to the OHC or representative (g) If the OHC member cannot resolve the concern, take it to the co-chairs (h) Communicate status and outcomes with workers (d) Check effectiveness of employer s corrective action (i) Take serious concerns directly to the employer (e) Contact OHS Division for advice 9. Identify six reasons to use an OHC form. (a) To identify who is responsible for action and follow up (e) To identify outstanding concerns (b) To identify who attended the meeting (f) To identify new concerns (c) Set target dates for corrective action (g) Identify responsibility for workplace problems (d) Identify who raised an issue 10. What is the difference between short- and long-term corrective actions?. (a) Short-term action is what the employer should do right now to protect workers. Long-term action removes the underlying cause. (b) Short-term action fixes the technical issues of a problem. Long-term action corrects the underlying problems. (c) Short-term action addresses compliance issues. Longterm action addresses management issues. (d) Long-term action is what the employer should do right now to protect workers. Short-term action removes the underlying cause. (e) The OHC takes short-term action. The employer takes long-term action. (f) Essentially, short-term action is set within a set time period. Long-term action is not. Total /40 /7 /6 /1 70 June 2016

73 Workplace inspections Occupational Health and Safety training Participant evaluation Level 1: Committees/Representatives Level 2: Inspections Investigations Supervision and Safety Date: Instructor: City: We want to know what you think. Your answers are important because they help us improve our courses. Legend: 'A' Strongly agree 'B' Agree 'C' No opinion 'D' Disagree 'E' Strongly disagree A. General A B C D E I enjoyed this course. A B C D E The course met my expectations. A B C D E I will be able to apply what I learned today to my workplace. A B C D E I would recommend this course to other OHC members and employers. The most important thing I learned today: B. The instructor A B C D E Instructor was well prepared, organized and made good use of time. A B C D E Instructor knew course content well. A B C D E Provided adequate opportunities for discussion. C. The course A B C D E The content and materials will be directly useful to me in my workplace. A B C D E The projects and lectures helped me learn and practice my occupational health and safety duties and responsibilities. Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 71

74 WorkSafe Saskatchewan A B C D E I had no trouble understanding the lectures and project instructions. There was enough time provided for: A B C D E (a) Questions A B C D E (b) Group projects A B C D E (c) Discussion A B C D E I felt free to get involved in discussions and projects. A B C D E I felt free to ask the instructor questions. A B C D E The course materials were well organized, easy to read and understand. A B C D E The overheads were easy to read and understand. A B C D E The procedure used to register was efficient. A B C D E The room was comfortable and appropriate for this course. A B C D E The location of the course was convenient for me. D. What did you like most about this course? E. What did you like least about this course? F. Additional comments or suggestions? Thank you. Please return this from to your instructor before you leave. 72 March 2015

75 Incident investigations II: Day 2 Day 2 Incident investigations 2 Emergency exits Washrooms No smoking policy Cell phones Breaks Administration 3 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 73

76 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Course materials Name card Workbook Self check Evaluation Reference publications Inspections: A Guide for Committees and Representatives Investigations: A Guide for Committees and Representatives Legislation 4 Introductions Instructor Introduce yourselves Name Employer Industry How long have you been part of the OHC? Have you been involved in a workplace investigation? 5 74 June 2016

77 Incident investigations Learning objectives 1. Learn regulatory requirements for investigating workplace incidents and dangerous occurrences 2. How to collect evidence for an investigation 3. How to analyze evidence for an investigation 4. How to develop a workplace investigation report 5. How to take action following a workplace investigation 6 About this course Conducting investigations is an important function of occupational health committees (OHCs) and worker health and safety representatives This course will help you: Understand responsibilities Investigate effectively 7 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 75

78 WorkSafe Saskatchewan About this course Two parts to course: Part I: Regulatory requirements Part II: CART (investigation techniques) Collect evidence Analyze evidence Report (reporting to OHC and writing report) Take action (employer) 8 Icebreaker project II: Icebreaker project From your personal experiences with investigations, discuss what went well and what didn t go well Did the investigation team create a report? Who did the report go to? What actions were taken, if any, to correct the situation? If your group does not have investigation experience, discuss what would be important in conducting an investigation What do you want to learn today? 9 76 June 2016

79 Incident investigations Notes Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 77

80 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Definitions II: Definitions Incident Not defined in legislation Any unplanned, unwanted event that causes injury or illness Dangerous occurrence Regulation 9 Essentially an incident that could have hurt someone but it did not 10 Investigations Effective investigations must be part of an employer s health and safety system Lack of incident investigation process can result in poorly organized and misunderstood investigations It s important to understand the benefits of a properly organized investigation June 2016

81 Incident investigations Benefits of investigations To understand what happened and why (i.e., causes) To identify corrective actions that will prevent a reoccurrence To determine trends and turn a reactive situation into a proactive opportunity To make the workplace healthier and safer 12 Benefits of worker involvement More effective investigations Improved credibility Improved acceptance of recommendations The purpose of OHC investigations is prevention 13 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 79

82 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Role of the OHC OHC and representative investigators are expected to: Help find root causes and recommend corrective action Check the employer s health and safety system Not assess blame Taking corrective action is the employer s responsibility 14 Employer responsibilities: Employer s role Effectiveness of investigations Correct any problems Integrate investigations into health and safety system Provide investigation teams with appropriate time, training and resources June 2016

83 Incident investigations The employer s role The employer is ultimately responsible for the effectiveness of incident investigations and for correcting any problems the OHC identifies. For effective incident investigations, the employer should integrate them into their organization s health and safety system (i.e., emergency planning, training, etc.) and provide the investigation team with appropriate training and resources. II: Part I regulatory requirements Part I Regulatory requirements 16 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 81

84 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Part I: Regulatory requirements Use the investigation techniques from Part II to comply with the regulations. In order to report an incident to OHS Division properly, conduct a preliminary investigation to collect the required information. Regulations 8 and 9 require an investigation to determine date, time and location, plus circumstances and, in the case where someone is hurt, apparent injuries. This preliminary investigation is often conducted by the supervisor or another agent of the employer. Both regulations 8 and 9 require the employer, contractor or owner to provide the co-chairs or representative with a copy of the notice required by OHS Division. Objective 1 Regulatory requirements for investigating incidents and dangerous occurrences June 2016

85 Incident investigations Reportable incidents OHS regulations require the employer or contractor to report incidents causing serious bodily injury OHS regulations require employer, contractor or owner to report any dangerous occurrences Incident Incidents causing serious bodily injury Requirement Regulation 8 Dangerous occurrences Regulation 9 18 Regulation 8, Incidents causing serious bodily injury The employer or contractor must report every incident as soon as possible to OHS Division that: Causes or may cause death Requires the worker to be hospitalized for 72 hours or more If unsure about length of hospitalization, inform OHS Division and an officer will discuss final reporting procedures 19 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 83

86 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Regulation 8, Incidents causing serious bodily injury What to report to OHS Division? Name of each injured or deceased worker Name of employer or contractor involved Date, time and location Circumstances Apparent injuries Contact information of employer or contractor 20 Regulation 9, Dangerous occurrences An employer, contractor or owner must report every dangerous occurrence as soon as possible to OHS Division Dangerous occurrences could have hurt someone if conditions or circumstances had been slightly different. The factors (e.g., forces, chemicals, biohazards, etc.) involved in an incident were powerful enough to cause serious harm but no one was injured or became ill June 2016

87 Incident investigations Regulation 9, Dangerous occurrences What to report to OHS Division? Name of employer, contractor or owner involved Date, time and location Circumstances Contact information of employer, contractor or owner 22 Regulation 9, Dangerous occurrences Dangerous occurrences are incidents that generally do not result in serious bodily injury Examples listed in regulation 9(1)(a-h) List is not all inclusive only provides examples OHS Division encourages employers to report any incident that causes, or could have caused, serious injury 23 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 85

88 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Examples of dangerous occurrences A worker using an inadequately maintained atmosphere-supplying respirator nearly is overcome by poisonous gas An overloaded crane becomes a dangerous occurrence if it overturns or fails A partially cut tree in a logging area is left standing but falls while the workers are out of the area (may have been struck had they been working there) 24 Required investigations II: Required investigations OHS regulations require the employer to investigate certain incidents OHS regulations require employer, contractor or owner to investigate dangerous occurrences Incident Investigation of certain incidents Investigation of dangerous occurrences Requirement Regulation 29 Regulation June 2016

89 Incident investigations Regulation 29, Investigation of certain incidents An employer shall ensure that every incident that causes or may cause death or will require a worker to be hospitalized for 24 hours or more is investigate as soon as possible by: Co-chairs or designates Representative and employer If there is no OHC or representative, then by employer 26 Regulation 29, Investigation of certain incidents To complete investigation, employer, in consultation with OHC or representative, prepares written report that includes: Description of incident Graphics, photos or other evidence to help determine cause or causes Explanation of cause or causes Immediate (short-term) corrective action Long-term action to prevent a re-occurrence or the reasons for not taking action 27 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 87

90 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Regulation 30, If the incident involves a fatality Fatality site must not be disturbed, except to relieve suffering, until an OHO has investigated Where an OHO cannot investigate but gives permission, the site may be cleared once: Graphics, photos and evidence showing details is gathered Co-chairs or representative investigated and agree that site may be cleared When a site has been disturbed before an investigation completed, it becomes difficult to find out cause or causes and to prevent a re-occurrence 28 Regulation 31, Investigation of dangerous occurrences Employer, contractor or owner shall ensure every dangerous occurrence is investigated as soon as reasonable possible by: Co-chairs or designates OHS representative and employer If there is no OHC or representative, then by employer June 2016

91 Incident investigations Regulation 31, Investigation of dangerous occurrences To complete investigation, employer, contractor or owner, in consultation with OHC or rep, prepares written report that includes: Description of dangerous occurrence Graphics, photos or other evidence to help determine cause or causes Explanation of cause or causes Immediate (short-term) corrective action Long-term action to prevent a re-occurrence or the reasons for not taking action 30 II: Project Dribbles Plastics Project: Dribbles Plastics 31 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 89

92 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Project: Dribbles Plastics Herbert, a young worker with about six weeks experience, has just crushed his left hand in a powerful packaging machine called a dribbler You are the OHC and must investigate and prepare report for employer 32 Incident scenario What happened Dribbles Plastics manufactures a variety of plastic products. Herbert, a young worker with about six weeks of experience, has just crushed his left hand in a powerful packaging machine called a dribbler. As the OHC, you must investigate and prepare a report for the employer. Dribbles are one of the firm s most popular products. Each dribble is wrapped in a dribbler immediately before shipping. During the wrapping process, each dribble enters the machine on a conveyor belt. It is then placed in a plastic package. Two powerful hot steel rollers at the mouth of the machine encase and seal each package in shipping plastic as it exits through the front of the machine. Once they exit the machine, packaged dribbles are put in containers and shipped. Sometimes dribbles in the dribbler twist and jam the conveyor belts before reaching the packaging rollers. This stalls the machine and production comes to a halt. The incident happened during one of these stoppages. Herbert opened the front cover of the dribbler and was trying to free the jam by jogging the machine. Jogging requires Herbert to turn the start/stop switch on and off quickly to move the mechanism enough to free the jam. While jogging the machine with his right hand, Herbert reached between the rollers with. his left to straighten the packages as the jogging freed them from the conveyor mechanism. Unfortunately, the dribbler started and the rollers closed on Herbert s hand before the machine could be stopped. A manual mechanismopening wheel on the machine was used to free Herbert s hand. Herbert was admitted to hospital and is waiting for reconstructive surgery on his hand June 2016

93 Incident investigations Incident scenario What happened Dribbles Plastics manufactures a variety of plastic products. Herbert, a young worker with about six weeks of experience, has just crushed his left hand in a powerful packaging machine called a dribbler. As the OHC, you must investigate and prepare a report for the employer. Dribbles are one of the firm s most popular products. Each dribble is wrapped in a dribbler immediately before shipping. During the wrapping process, each dribble enters the machine on a conveyor belt. It is then placed in a plastic package. Two powerful hot steel rollers at the mouth of the machine encase and seal each package in shipping plastic as it exits through the front of the machine. Once they exit the machine, packaged dribbles are put in containers and shipped. Sometimes dribbles in the dribbler twist and jam the conveyor belts before reaching the packaging rollers. This stalls the machine and production comes to a halt. Since the dribbler operator s pay depends on how many dribbles are packaged in a shift, these stoppages are distressing. The incident happened during one of these stoppages. Herbert opened the front cover of the dribbler and was trying to free the jam by jogging the machine. Jogging requires Herbert to turn the start/stop switch on and off quickly to move the mechanism enough to free the jam. While jogging the machine with his right hand, Herbert reached between the rollers with his left to straighten the packages as the jogging freed them from the conveyor mechanism. Unfortunately, the dribbler started and the rollers closed on Herbert s hand before the machine could be stopped. A manual mechanism-opening wheel on the machine was used to free Herbert s hand. Herbert was admitted to hospital and is waiting for reconstructive surgery on his hand. Dribbler open Dribbler mechanism Dribbler closed 34 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 91

94 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Project: Dribbles Plastics Your OHC visits incident site and learns the following: The dribbler is very old. It was moved from previous plant and installed by the maintenance and sanitation engineer who saw incident. A yellowing, dusty policy hangs on a nearby wall. It states that troubles with the dribbler are to be reported to maintenance. Maintenance is to lockout the dribbler (i.e., cut all power sources and release any remaining energy in the machine) before working on it. Workers state that the policy has not been enforced for some time. The power breaker box is far away from the dribbler. It has no lock on it. The front cover is off the dribbler. Warning information on the caution plate is worn off. A worker informs you that a spring-loaded power cut-off switch on the chassis is supposed to pop and kill power to the dribbler if the front cover is raised. The worker states that this button has not worked for some time. She did not report it because no one is going to believe me or do anything about it anyway. 35 Your OHC visits incident site and learns the following: The dribbler is very old. It was moved from previous plant and installed by the maintenance and sanitation engineer who saw incident. A yellowing, dusty policy hangs on a nearby wall. It states that troubles with the dribbler are to be reported to maintenance. Maintenance is to lockout the dribbler (i.e., cut all power sources and release any remaining energy in the machine) before working on it. Workers state that the policy has not been enforced for some time. The power breaker box is far away from the dribbler. It has no lock on it. The front cover is off the dribbler. Warning information on the caution plate is worn off. A worker informs you that a spring-loaded power cut-off switch on the chassis is supposed to pop and kill power to the dribbler if the front cover is raised. The worker states that this button has not worked for some time. She did not report it because no one is going to believe me or do anything about it anyway. Workers say that the start/stop switch sometimes won t turn the machine off immediately. The cover over the electrical components of the dribbler is missing. The wiring has been creatively improved to allow jogging and defeat the emergency stop system s safety switches. Workers say that the dribbler malfunctions frequently and that Herbert and other workers were trying to repair it in a rough, macho fashion a few days ago. The supervisor has extra paperwork to do and is often in his office at the back of the plant 92 June 2016

95 Incident investigations when the dribbler is used. The supervisor was in his office doing paperwork at the time of the incident. It took sometime for the supervisor to be notified of the incident and reach the floor. No one knew what to do to help Herbert. None of the workers present had a valid first-aid certificate and the first-aid box was empty. No one knew what ambulance service to phone. In the end, the ambulance service contacted was the one that was the farthest away from the factory. This delayed Herbert s transport to hospital. Due to complications resulting from the incident, he was hospitalized for four days. Witnesses Herbert, the injured worker Herb s supervisor Delbert, the employer The maintenance and sanitation engineer who saw the incident Each witness will get a script from the instructor when it is time to conduct interviews. Project: Dribbles Plastics Observations (continued): Workers say that the start/stop switch sometimes won t turn the machine off immediately. The cover over the electrical components of the dribbler is missing. The wiring has been creatively improved to allow jogging and defeat the emergency stop system s safety switches. Workers say that the dribbler malfunctions frequently and that Herbert and other workers were trying to repair it in a rough, macho fashion a few days ago. The supervisor has extra paperwork to do and is often in his office at the back of the plant when the dribbler is used. The supervisor was in his office doing paperwork at the time of the incident. It took sometime for the supervisor to be notified of the incident and reach the floor. No one knew what to do to help Herbert. None of the workers present had a valid first-aid certificate and the first-aid box was empty. No one knew what ambulance service to phone. In the end, the ambulance service contacted was the one that was the farthest away from the factory. This delayed Herbert s transport to hospital. Due to complications resulting from the incident, he was hospitalized for four days. 36 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 93

96 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Project: Instructions Use the Dribbles Plastics incident scenario to answer questions regarding legislation requirements Answer the questions in your workbook Select a spokesperson to present answers to the class 37 Project: Questions 1. Is this a reportable incident or dangerous occurrence? June 2016

97 Incident investigations Project: Questions 1. Is this a reportable incident or dangerous occurrence? 2. If this incident must be reported, what must you send to OHS Division? 3. Must this incident be investigated? If so, who must investigate? Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 95

98 WorkSafe Saskatchewan 4. What must you include in an investigation report requested by an OHO? Project: Questions 2. If this incident must be reported, what must you send to OHS Division? March 2015

99 Incident investigations Project: Questions 3. Must this incident be investigated? If so, who must investigate? 40 Project: Questions 4. What must you include in an investigation report requested by an OHO? 41 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 97

100 WorkSafe Saskatchewan What other types of incidents must you investigate? Regulation 85: II Slide 42: What other types? Exposure to infectious organisms (1)(d) infection material or organism means an infectious material or organism that has been identified in an approved manner as an infectious disease hazard that poses a significantly increased exposure risk to a worker or selfemployed person Employer investigates and may involve OHC in a manner that respects the confidentiality of exposed person 42 What other types of incidents must you investigate? Regulation 311: Exposure to substances listed in Table 19 or 20 Employer investigates in consultation with OHC June 2016

101 Incident investigations What other types of incidents must you investigate? Potentially harmful injuries, illnesses and conditions that do not require hospitalization Employer reports any lost-time injuries to co-chairs or representative 44 Legislation summary 45 Level 2 - Inspections and investigations Workbook 99

102 WorkSafe Saskatchewan Legislation summary 46 II: Part II Part II C.A.R.T. investigation techniques June 2016