Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen,

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1 Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen, I am happy that I have the opportunity today to share my thoughts on the following issue with you: "How could (German) cities be motivated to invest in C-ITS technology " I hope that my ideas are inspiring you -despite my limited language skills. As head of the traffic control Kassel I think that C-ITS is a great opportunity to advance our "continuous improvement process" one more step towards the future. Conditions and motivation in the EU countries are very different, of course. Nevertheless, although my motivation is of course scoped by the special conditions in Germany and the even more specific situation in the city of Kassel, I am convinced that I can contribute some beneficial suggestions. 1

2 First of all, I would like to take the opportunity to introduce briefly why Kassel is so actively involved in the C-ITS process. The city is located right in the heart of Germany, and it is the regional center of Northern Hessen. Kassel has nearly 200,000 inhabitants (I should mention that Kassel is the only City in Germany which had not expand their boundaries since 1936) but as a transport area covers more than 400,000 people. Kassel has a long tradition as a pioneer in traffic engineering. We have implemented numerous pilot projects and have constantly improved our traffic control system. So we operate, for example, public transport acceleration that includes every controller, a central quality management and integrated data management with control tools for complete data in all controllers. Einwohner 2013: Erstwohnsitz mit Zweitwohnsitz 2

3 Our infrastructure has a 98% coverage of traffic adaptive signal control and is fully based on using the OCIT interface standards. Thus, Kassel provides a perfect platform for participation in the German UR:BAN project, together with the city of Düsseldorf. This is currently the largest German project to bring cooperative systems into cities. 3

4 The City of Kassel provides a test field with 27 traffic signal controlled urban junctions and a traffic management centre. This traffic management center collects the traffic light status from all controllers and converts into a format that allows publishing the information on the German national ITS data access point Mobility Data Marketplace MDM ). It can be picked up there by service providers that will finally send it into vehicles. At the Kassel test site special emphasis is put on the question whether it is possible to generate a reliable predictor for programmed traffic adaptive signal control, which is of course much more challenging than a scenario with signal controllers with fixed timing or with standardized control functions. Thus, Kassel is one of a few German cities that has already gained specific experience in the operation of cooperative systems in real life environment. We would of course like to share this experience and best practice and contribute to further steps towards large scale roll-out of C-ITS, especially the integrations of C-ITS into the urban environment. As a next step we will have the chance to do this as one partner in the Horizon2020 Project CIMEC 4

5 But - What are the specific barriers and challenges? The largest German field operational test so far -the simtdproject - has indeed shown that users would give priority to urban applications in their purchasing decision. Such like Redlight time, Green waveassistent, Parking information The only problem is: The users preferred applications do not produce urban benefit When I talked with our lord major about the possible introduction of C-ITS his almost inevitable, simple answer was If vehicle drivers have the benefit, they should be paying for the required technology on infrastructure side, not the whole community Soyou can see Cities will not invest without benefit Tofacethischicken& egg problem, wehavetoidentifylowhangingfruits 5

6 Hence we need to ask: What benefit does C-ITS provide for local authorities that would allow cities to justify investment in infrastructure?" I found six responsesto this question, whichi believe have a great potential Less accidents Sustainable public transport acceleration Fire fighter priority Emergency services Freight transport Heavy transport I feel myself confirmed by the statement of my colleagues. The Network of European Cities POLIS an the association of German speaking municipalities OCA had organized a survey of European municipalities carried out to obtain a wide range of opinions. The results obtained were fed via POLIS into the Amsterdam Group. Key findings from this survey were 1. Municipalities have so far hardly addressed these issues. 2. As far as they had dealt with it, clear priority has been given to public transport Our team in Kassel also sees a great potential for benefits in C-ITS contributing to sustainable public transport acceleration. But the main task of the traffic signal remains to be increasing safety,so we have to look more in depth into both opportunities Less accidents Sustainable public transport acceleration 6

7 And indeed C-ITS really provides a significant potential to increase security in the city. Many German cities suffer today from a high rate of accidents with rail based PT and pedestrians or cars. I highlight just some examples here of a short search in German newsletters. Every day an accident with tram Dangeron therail 9 peopledie in oneyear The risk lies in wait for 253 km As you can see, there is a huge, concrete potential for improvements with high political relevance and significant social benefits And this although, or maybe even because, the reason for most of these accidents was extreme carelessness and misconduct of the road users 7

8 To face this I suggest three additional C-ITS use cases for addressing this problem. Almost all accidents with tram participation -and also with buses on separate lanes-can be traced back to these three basic types - Pedestrians crossing the track - Vehicles cross the track in lateral position - Vehicles cross the track in the central position Frequently, signaling systems are available for the public transport vehicle, but they themselves can be problem points without any traffic signal. The exciting question now is how to combine these cases with the other five suggested areas so thatan optimum of urban benefit is achieved. 8

9 These considerations lead to the specific requirements of closely meshed network nodes, as they are normal in urban environments. - Distances between junctions often less then 200m -Off-times in the controller may be morethen 30 s -Decisions forrequested priority have to be made when the vehicle is more then 400m away from the stop line So the request has to be routed to the proper controller Thus, the junction controller in ITS G5 radio range is not necessarily the one that has to take the required decisions. I prepared a little example to clearify this Iftheemergencycarreachestheradiorangeofthefirstcontrollerthiscontrollercannot makethedecision but he also didnot knowwhichcontrollercando To enable the infrastructure to forward the request to the appropriate controllerthe vehicle must provide sufficient information. 9

10 HerewehavethesignificantnewposibilityC-ITS canoffertourban infrastructure.this routing will work without any offline information cause all System components will know themap information. So THE SYSTEM isabletodeterminetheexactrelationbetweenvehicleroute an Signal and can match the proper controller by itself. Torealisethistherehastobe -A Data Definition for priority Cars in the CAM message -Map matching tools in the centre or the controler -Standardized interfaces between all components As youcanseeinsidethebounderiesofurban ITS thereismuchworktodo. In Germany theocit Developer Group (ODG) hasstartthisworkandtheopen City Association(OCA) will support this with her experts 10

11 Therefore, each vehicle requiring prioritisationat junctions should send its intended route for at least the next 40-50s. This function would open the door to a variety of future-oriented applications in urban areas. Like sustainable public transport acceleration and fire fighter or emercency car priorisation And I also think that it will help theautomotiveindustrietosellc-its equipped cars and the cities to create funding options I would be happy to discuss this further in detail in the following discussion or maybe later face to face My central thesis is: If it is possible to increase the direct benefits for Local Authorities, they will start to act on their own and this will eventually benefits everyone, even and especially the automotive sector. So wehavethechancetocreatea win-winsituation 11

12 Wewill geturban benefitlike Sustainable technologie for PT acceleration And also New waystosolveoldproblems andtherearea lotofunsolved problems We also get Automotive benefit Also earlybirdcustomershavea high chancetometa C-ITS equipped vehicle(tram bus) - and thus enjoy individual benefit Andmaybe-theRoll out ofc-its in citieswill beaccelerated Last but not least wegetsocialbenefit Less accidents and less injured persons I therefore propose to start this work and realise this opportunitie together 12

13 I mshurethatthecityofkassel canbea competentpartnerforthiswork 13