5 Modal policy. 26 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

Transcription

1 5 Modal policy 26 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

2 5 Modal policy This section outlines the key transport policy positions (primarily based on each of the transport modes) as the basis for the integrated policy framework in section Public transport Overview The role of Council to provide public transport is limited, however it does have a very important role to play in public transport take up through land use planning, and travel demand management measures including parking management (discussed at section 5.3). Providing public transport infrastructure and operating services (rail, bus, ferry, and taxi) is the responsibility of the State Government through the Department of Transport and Main Roads (Transport and Main Roads), TransLink and Queensland Rail. Council currently provides matching funding for local bus stop infrastructure and provision of active transport connections through a variety of State funding programs. The transport levy (levy) enables Council to influence improvements to infrastructure and services and to implement measures to increase patronage of public transport. Council and the Department of Transport and Main Roads jointly provide flexi link services to areas not covered by TransLink s service area. Through funds raised by the levy, Council also funds a Council Cabs service. All transport levy initiatives should focus on the needs and wants of public transport users including ease of use, convenience, reliability (timely), comfort, safety, affordability (low cost) good quality facilities and information availability (including real time information). Land associated with providing the proposed future Caboolture to Maroochydore (Public Transport) Corridor Study corridor (CAMCOS) is to be reserved for potential high capacity public transport in the future. The primary role of this corridor is to provide for intra-regional high speed travel within the Sunshine Coast. The corridor will also provide a connection from Brisbane to the coastal urban area of the Sunshine Coast. To facilitate this, a wider corridor capacity is reserved between Maroochydore and the regional activity centre in the proposed Caloundra South Urban Development Area and smaller corridor capacity beyond this to Beerwah. This high order public transport service will integrate with the bus network across the Sunshine Coast to provide integrated access and travel. Preserving the CAMCOS public transport corridor future proofs the ability to plan for public transport beyond 2031, to best serve the community at that time. In the short to medium term, before high capacity public transport operates in this corridor, collaboration with State transport agencies is required to deliver a bus network providing connectivity and services responsive to user needs. Road corridors will become available in line with development to facilitate the expansion of the network. Public transport plays a crucial role in achieving Council s vision for a vibrant, green and diverse region, through: sustainability and cost-effectiveness benefits, arising from high patronage providing for equity and social inclusion with service availability regardless of its patronage. In addition to services provided by Council and State Government agencies, a number of other restricted public transport options are available for select user groups. HACC transport services, the taxi subsidy scheme, privately operated mini buses providing specialty services, for example, airport connections and service club operations and long distance coaches. Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

3 High-patronage services deliver all of these benefits and are prioritised for delivery. Services are also required for some areas that cannot generate high patronage, to meet equity and social inclusion coverage. Government will need to judge how much service to deliver in low patronage areas, where they achieve equity and social inclusion but do not serve the purposes of sustainability and cost-effectiveness. Map 2 Strategic Public Transport Map (2031) provides an overview of corridors with varying levels of public transport priority. The following policy directions reflect the Sunshine Coast s commitment to sustainability and the creation of stronger centres. Policy directions Emphasise the connection between public transport corridors and adjacent land uses Public transport network objectives focussing on patronage will require specific measures The bus network will be expected to operate at a high level of reliability and frequency Inter-Regional Links hourly to half hourly public transport connections between the Sunshine Coast and Brisbane Public transport network objectives focusing on coverage should target services most relevant to the type of activity centre or community Support a concerted effort to achieve availability of real-time information and information dissemination through emerging electronic communication technology Collaborative effort with State agencies is required in order to make public transport a successful mode of choice. 28 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

4 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

5 Map 2: Strategic Public Transport 30 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

6 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

7 5.2 Active transport (walking and cycling) Overview A fundamental objective in active transport planning is to improve community mobility and amenity by providing connected networks and facilities based on peoples needs and location. The goal is to provide pedestrians and cyclists with safe, comfortable, direct connections to where they want to go including homes, schools, work places, shopping areas, services, recreational opportunities and public transport. The planning will support and encourage walking and cycling as an alternative to private car use and as healthy recreational activity for all ages. Retrofitting of a workable active transport network on existing car-based networks will be done by managing demands in the transport corridors. Examples include reducing the number of vehicle lanes to provide on-road cycle lanes, relocating on-street parking to provide onroad cycle lanes or reclaiming carriageway to provide for increased pedestrian activity (Mooloolaba Esplanade). The Sunshine Coast Active Transport Plan (Active Transport Plan) provides additional detail and guidance in support of this Strategy. The key policy directions within the Active Transport Plan are right. Policy directions Integrated land use and active transport planning active transport networks form an integral part of development and place making projects based on existing and projected demand A connected, direct, legible and enjoyable walking and cycling network and environment (particularly within the urban footprint, with a focus in activity centres) facilitates daily travel needs for all users, delivered efficiently and effectively to maximise community benefit The network is designed, built and maintained to be safe for the most vulnerable users and safety education programs are undertaken for drivers, cyclists and pedestrians Inform, educate and encourage residents and visitors to take up walking and cycling for transport and recreation Funded active transport connections achieve maximum community benefit for investment and an acceptable level of service for active transport. Increases in active transport capital works funding Active transport is supported by strong Council leadership, community engagement and by developing effective partnerships Progress is measured, analysed and reported through the Pedestrian and Bicycle Account. The Active Transport Plan also contains a number of actions for implementing the specified policies. One key action is to develop and use a transport management model, including corridor priority mapping, to manage the needs of competing modes and land uses in transport corridors providing priority to walking and cycling where required. 32 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

8 5.3 Parking management Overview The Sunshine Coast Council is re-evaluating its parking policies to improve consistency with other strategic planning objectives. Policy changes can drive mode choice and reduce traffic congestion, energy consumption, pollution emissions, urban sprawl and development costs. Current parking policies require new developments to comply with minimum parking requirements. The aim of these requirements is to ensure that each development provides sufficient parking for their own estimated average near-peak demand for free parking. This is based on the type and size of development, where size is often measured in terms of gross floor area or (for residential uses) the number of bedrooms. Developments are then required to provide at least this amount of parking regardless of other geographic, demographic or management factors that may affect parking demand. The provision of on-site car parking with new development can be expensive, particularly if underground or in multideck structures. The development cost associated with these provisions are passed back to the development owners or to the cost of goods and services. So no car parking is actually free, even if no fee is charged for use of the facility. Substantial literature and international examples now recommend performance-based parking, responding to these specific conditions and encouraging use of cost-effective parking management strategies. Parking demands are more efficient and equitable under this approach. The demand for on-street parking and supply of off-street parking are closely related. The removal or reduction of minimum parking requirements is likely to increase the demand for (and relative importance of) on-street parking. Regions around the world are realising the need for a new approach to parking. Current parking policies, especially minimum parking requirements, bundle the costs of parking into the overall costs of development and lead to an oversupply. The costs of providing unpriced parking subsequently flows through into higher prices of goods and services for everyone regardless of how much parking they use. Many car parking spaces are currently underutilised. A number of principles to identify recommended parking policies include: Choice As much as possible, reward users for making travel and lifestyle choices with reduced parking demand. Pricing Users should pay directly for the parking they use at select high traffic sites or where parking is limited. This reduces costs for people who choose to use less parking, through substitution (changing mode) or conservation (car-pooling). Prioritisation The most desirable parking spaces favour higher-priority uses. Comprehensive analysis Comprehensively consider all benefits and costs when managing parking resources, with the most cost-effective strategies implemented first. Easy to understand and utilise Policies should aim to increase parking convenience for example, by providing information on the location, price and availability of parking facilities. As much as practicable, policies should try to separate the costs of parking from the costs of development so they can be directly charged to users, who are best placed to make good travel and lifestyle choices reducing their parking needs. Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

9 The following table identifies the policy directions for investigating parking management on the Sunshine Coast and developing a Parking Management Plan. Policy directions Off-street parking Parking requirements for new development progressively shift from minimum requirements to performancebased requirements, starting with reducing minimum requirements Parking demand not provided on-site may be offset through contributions taken under a parking management scheme and forming an Accessibility and Amenity Improvement Fund, which may assist in providing local area transport and streetscape improvements or shared parking facilities Parking areas provide for safe manoeuvring and accessibility of vehicles Electronic parking management systems are progressively introduced, monitoring utilisation and linking with real time and website information on location, availability and pricing of facilities. On-street parking Expand upon the regulatory environment for parking, involving the inclusion of the entire local government area as a regulatory area (under Council s local law). This will enable a performance based parking management policy (involving priced or non-priced/ time regulated parking and spill over parking management schemes) to be introduced as required to address parking management problems Establishment of an Accessibility and Amenity Improvement fund collects a proportion of any possible revenue from parking activities to reinvest into local projects. Supplementary parking policies A range of parking services for commuters and employers in key activity centres may be provided by local Transport Management Associations 5, services may include carpool parking permit registration and assisting with over-flow (peak) parking plans to accommodate peak parking demands without increasing supply of parking Shuttle bus services can also assist in supporting parking management planning Parking ambassadors can be utilised to increase positivity around on-street parking and reduce the level of enforcement required Investigate potential mitigation measures against the impact of potential parking policies for households most vulnerable, including parking permits for households or individuals meeting vulnerability criteria Provision is made for parking for a range of vehicles and users, including bicycles, scooters and motorbikes, service vehicles, boat trailers and for disabled access Parking management trials will be considered during the development of the Parking Management Plan. 5 The aim of a Transport Management Association (TMA) is to coordinate transportation related services in the city centre to contribute to more sustainable transport outcomes. Membership of a TMA is often a mix of public and private stakeholders. TMAs attempt to address many of the cultural and/or organisational barriers to more sustainable transport outcomes. TMAs are often self-funded through the membership and service fees that they generate, although they may also be funded through a targeted rate. 34 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

10 5.4 Motor vehicles / transport corridors Overview The strategic transport hierarchy map, represents the multiple functions of a road for a number of movement modes and thus applies the term transport corridors, instead of simply roads. Private motor vehicles remain a key user of the transport network. The emphasis of transport planning and funding priorities will be upon seeking to improve conditions for alternative movement modes within the transport network. The following table outlines the key policy directions for transport corridors, particularly in relation to motor vehicles. Policy directions New roads beyond those identified in the detailed 2031 Transport Hierarchy map will be limited to those required for greenfield development within the urban footprint and those required to improve permeability in the network, where best case public and active transport solutions do not relieve concentrated general traffic load Alternative fuel technologies derived from sustainable and renewable resources with low greenhouse gas emissions to support all motorised movement modes are supported Use of fuel-efficient vehicles such as motorcycles and scooters is promoted through measures including provision of well-designed and priority parking spaces tailored to these users needs and improving the road safety environment for these users Transport corridors provide space to accommodate roadside vegetation, supplementary landscape elements and fauna movement infrastructure Integrate road planning with place planning and land use patterns to reduce the necessity for motorised trips and to reduce lengths of those trips unable to be foregone. 5.5 Road safety Overview Road Safety is a road network system that aims to protect users against injury or risk because of its design. In accordance with the Safe System Framework (Austroads, 2009), road safety is made up of the following four key elements: safe speeds, safe roads and roadsides, safe vehicles and safe road users. Reduced road use through travel demand management and more accessible land use patterns will also contribute to greater safety. Queensland local governments typically address road safety through involvement with State Government agencies, the Roads Alliance, as well as various ad hoc responses. Design standards promote and encourage design and construction practices that provide an optimum combination of safety, amenity, convenience, economy, and environment. However, in recent years, the road toll on local government controlled roads has been trending upwards. This suggests that there is more that council can do to address local problems. The following policy directions provide a way forward. Policy directions Reduce the incidence of road trauma on the region s roads and in doing so move towards a zero road toll Prepare and implement a Road Safety Plan which aims to make the road transport system more forgiving of human error Minimise the level of unsafe road user behaviour Build partnerships with the community and other stakeholders and involve the local community in road safety issues. Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

11 5.6 Freight Overview Freight and commercial transport movements are a vital part of economic activity but can cause environmental, safety and amenity conflicts. More efficient freight movement throughout the Sunshine Coast will require further innovation and investigation. This includes rationalising freight routes to reduce land use and traffic conflicts, designation of freight traffic generating uses along designated corridors, advocating for greater capacity for freight to be moved by rail, loading area management, design requirements, operating hours of these uses and intermodal freight logistics. The recent trend of rising fuel prices presents further implications for the freight transport industry as transport costs are generally sensitive to fluctuations in fuel prices. This is likely to have flow-on effects for retail industries, the community, and the transport industry as a whole. Fuel accounts for 20 per cent of transport costs in Australia across all modes. Fuel efficiency initiatives will be expected to play a greater role in determining the priority and form of distribution patterns, logistics practices and further drive the usage of innovative, alternatively fuelled vehicles. For these reasons, there may also be increasingly greater demand for exchange of local produce, reducing the mileage that goods consumed in the region have travelled. Policy directions Freight is an integral component of the local and regional economy and efficient freight movement should be provided while managing impacts on road safety and urban environmental amenity Industrial and enterprise areas integrate with freight based access routes to minimise land use conflicts and improve efficiency. Land accessible to freight corridors should is protected for uses that require high trip volumes. 5.7 Air transport Overview The Sunshine Coast air travel industry is serviced by the Sunshine Coast Airport at Marcoola and a general aviation aerodrome at Caloundra. The Sunshine Coast Airport is important to the Sunshine Coast tourism industry, with domestic connections to and from Adelaide, Albury, Canberra, Hobart, Launceston, Melbourne, Mildura, Perth, Sydney from the three major airlines operating from the Sunshine Coast Airport. This airport also provides major jet connections to eastern capital cities. It accommodates light aircraft, corporate jets, and helicopters, including the AGL rescue helicopters. The runway currently accommodates limited international services. The facility is owned and operated by Sunshine Coast Council, and has recently completed a redevelopment of the terminal and departure lounge. The Caloundra Aerodrome is a general aviation facility, managed by Council, which accommodates a range of recreational and commercial light aircraft. As both the Sunshine Coast Airport and the Caloundra Aerodrome are or will be the subject of Master Plans they will not be subject to detailed consideration in this document except as a significant node in any transport network. Policy directions The tourism and travel functions of the Sunshine Coast Airport and the amenity of surrounding communities are protected and the impacts of air travel are managed General aviation is accommodated in an appropriately located and designed aerodrome Renewable alternative propulsion systems to service the aviation industry are encouraged Reduce or offset emissions of greenhouse gases produced by aviation and tourism industries. 36 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

12 5.8 Water transport Overview Water transport provides a significant recreational element for our Sunshine Coast lifestyle. Though not significant for many trips, there are numerous recreational boats operating in the Pumicestone Passage, Mooloolah and Maroochy rivers. The Mooloolaba harbour is the closest deep-water port to the open ocean on the east coast of Australia and accommodates a significant fishing fleet along with well-developed private and commercial marina facilities. The river mouths of the Pumicestone Passage and Maroochy River are difficult to navigate and limit opportunities for coastal ferries, while the Mooloolah River requires constant maintenance to remain navigable. No public passenger ferry operates on the Sunshine Coast at present. Several potential services are mooted and could be implemented but would need to comply with Transport and Main Roads Maritime Operation requirements 6. Both TransLink and Transport and Main Roads do not identify any current need for a scheduled passenger ferry service on the Sunshine Coast. However, they would not object to a private bid to operate such a service but have made it clear that no subsidy would be forthcoming for the service. Policy directions Opportunities to develop water-based commuter and tourist/ visitor transport services are not discouraged, but not funded by Council Maintain facilities to support future opportunities for water transport for recreation purposes Identified Marine zones 7 restrict or prohibit certain types of vessels, or certain types of activities, within a specified area of a waterway, to ensure the ecological values of the rivers and water systems are maintained and enhanced Advocate for improved patrolling and enforcement of water safety during peak use periods on waterways. 6 Requirements for vessel capability, crew licensing and experience, disabled capabilities, identification of public (not private) landing points which also meet accessibility standards and ideally are able to connect to other scheduled public transport services. 7 Refer to Council s Waterways and Coastal Management Strategy. Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

13 38 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

14 6 Integrated policy framework This integrated policy framework builds upon the modal policies introduced in Section 5. The modal policies have informed the preparation of the following goals, objectives and policies. Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

15 Goal 1 40 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

16 Goal 1 A shift to public and active transport modes is achieved. Goal 1: A shift to public and active transport modes is achieved. Objective 1: Provide infrastructure, networks and operations for public and active transport systems to facilitate a shift in travel demand to these modes. Integrated policies 1.1 Integrate services, pricing and passenger information systems and improve access to create a connected public transport network. 1.2 In partnership with State Agencies, improve public transport travel speed, frequency, reliability and patronage to increase vehicle productivity to more effectively compete with the reliability, speed and convenience of the private motor vehicle leading to increased patronage and revenues relative to service provision costs. Detail Integration of public transport and other networks and information systems requires: direct, legible, quality path and cycleway connections to public transport stations and stops synchronisation of timetables for fluent, integrated services centre to centre public transport services with connected timetables to enable longer journeys integrated single ticketing system information dissemination via electronic messaging capabilities incorporation of park and ride sites and kiss and ride capability across the public transport network an easy to understand public transport network adequate facilities for accommodating bikes on buses, trains and ample supply of bike racks at public transport stations and stops and within new development. To achieve this, the following is generally required: frequent service in areas with appropriate higher densities and within and between activity centres frequent peak-period service in commute markets, where a high level of demand can be identified and served over a short period indicatively, services along dedicated public transport and public transport priority corridors are provided at 15-minute frequency (refer Map 2). Services along select public transport advantage corridors are more frequent. Public transport advantage corridors are those that may involve bus queue jumps (an additional length of lane to enable buses to bypass traffic waiting at traffic lights) and bus priority signals at traffic lights (a three to six second head start for buses). Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

17 Goal 1: A shift to public and active transport modes is achieved. Objective 1: Provide infrastructure, networks and operations for public and active transport systems to facilitate a shift in travel demand to these modes. Integrated policies 1.3 Improve accessibility, safety, convenience, coverage, and comfort of public transport service for all users including the disabled, seniors, and residents with limited access to services. 1.4 Ensure the transport network and places cater for active transport movement. Detail This generally requires: working with the State Government agencies who possess the appropriate roles and responsibilities improvements in the public transport service network. While the primary objective of public transport systems is to provide services in areas which maximise patronage, options for residents with limited public transport opportunities is also a focus for improvement disability friendly public transport vehicles investigation of innovative and flexible transport options for communities where conventional public transport services are not provided supporting public transport agency and operators to deliver better user outcomes; improvement in the quality of user infrastructure and facilities improvement to inter-regional services and cross-boundary travel needs (including realignment and duplication of the North Coast rail line between Beerburrum and Nambour as a priority). A comprehensive network of high quality cycle and pedestrian routes and facilities throughout the Sunshine Coast is required, connecting communities to activity centres and enterprise areas, public transport, open space, community and recreational areas, involving: on-road cycle lanes on local, district and intra-regional transport corridors adequate shoulders on all new roads and on all resealed roads off-road paths within existing urban areas as part of infrastructure contributions for new development and as part of infrastructure agreements for new development in structure plan areas an integrated and efficient network of pathways, shared zones in activity centres, safe crossing facilities and intersection designs that prioritise pedestrian needs streets within new centre cores, designed as a series of low speed boulevards with wide footpaths, active building frontages and shaded awnings which connect to pathways within open and public spaces adequate pavement width, appropriate placement of signage, tactile ground surface indicators and audio tactile devices to prevent obstacles for persons with a disability, particularly vision impairment off-road provision for motorised and non-motorised mobility aids, including scooters, skateboards and new technology as it becomes available cyclist specific way-finding signs making for a very easy to understand and use system end-of-trip facilities (secure lock-up areas, showers, and safe lighting). Improve the provision of safe walking and cycling to schools. 42 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

18 Indicators Satisfaction and patronage surveys. Capacity and usage of bike racks and parking spaces. Uptake of services (passenger data) including annual progress. Satisfaction surveys comparison to car travel. Journey to school and work mode share (census). Community economic development benefits. Peak public transport demand. Number of new public transport vehicles with modified designs. Satisfaction surveys and patronage. Number of public transport stops and stations developed to suit comfort, safety and disability needs. Travel by non-motorised modes in urban areas. Community and public health benefits. Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

19 Goal 1: A shift to public and active transport modes is achieved. Objective 2: Integrate land use and transport planning considering transport needs early in the planning process. Integrated policies 2.1 Transit Oriented Development Major public transport hubs and corridors supported by appropriate land uses at public transport supportive densities. 2.2 Activity centres support public transport and active transport and contain residential and employmentgenerating land uses at densities that increase selfcontainment and reduce the need for long trips. 2.3 New development in greenfield areas provides dedicated and priority public transport networks and services and safe cycling and walking infrastructure supported by development densities which support these networks. Detail Areas within walking distance of major public transport hubs, select public transport stations and at strategic locations along dedicated and priority public transport corridors may, where appropriate, be developed with medium or increased density residential and employment generating land uses Transit oriented development principles applied to the planning and development of major public transport hubs and dedicated public transport stations, having regard for local circumstances and character. In accordance with the Regional Plan, development in Maroochydore Principal Regional Activity Centre achieves high residential densities Transport corridors provide for active and public transport modes. Development within the greenfield areas achieves medium densities with higher densities concentrated within and around activity centres New development supports public and active transport through integrating residential and employment generating land uses at densities New development provides integrated, dedicated and/or priority public transport networks and services and active transport networks and support infrastructure as specified within applicable Council endorsed structure plans Location, price, and quantum of car parking supply is managed. 44 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

20 Integrated policies 2.4 Transport and land use planning are undertaken concurrently and development is sequenced with concurrent infrastructure and service provision. 2.5 Urban design and place making New and existing communities are planned and developed to support integration of public and active transport and selfcontainment. Detail Infrastructure contributions policy incorporates contributions towards sustainable transport options Planning for parking management, development density, land use mix, transport corridors, and public transport interchange parameters for design are coordinated so that policies are effectively integrated and implemented Prioritise the construction of active and public transport infrastructure over new infrastructure for general traffic. The link and place model is applied to planning for transport corridors Major public transport hubs are established as prominent features within the regional activity centres and are integrated with safe, amenable and legible active transport networks New development incorporates a mix of uses within activity centres to facilitate self containment and reduction of number and length of private motorised trips The location of car parking facilities (including park and ride facilities and Council controlled car parks) is integral to whole of area traffic management, place-making, and urban design Parking management planning provides an opportunity to investigate on-street parking and cycle network requirements and provide a balance between the two uses of corridor space. Indicators Change in use of public transport services within transit-oriented communities. Journey to work mode share (census). Travel and mode split by defined urban area. Share of urban population and employment served by public transport. Increased density along public transport corridors. Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

21 Goal 1: A shift to public and active transport modes is achieved. Objective 3: Identify and implement travel demand management measures. Integrated policies 3.1 Design and implement travel demand initiatives and policies with the capacity to effectively reduce reliance on private motor vehicle trips and achieve high use of public and active transport as network improvements are applied. 3.2 Marketing and branding opportunities promote public and active transport travel, recognising that these mechanisms are fundamental to effectively shifting travel demand to public and active transport modes. Detail Funding for public and active transport options is prioritised Availability and successful uptake of incentives including: reliable public transport services (particularly in areas capable of achieving a mode shift) safe, convenient and amenable active transport environments within and between activity nodes Progressive and staged introduction, following comprehensive investigation, of pricing measures to reduce reliance on private motor vehicle travel, including: parking management, involving a performance based parking management policy (priced parking) which ensures the right amount of on-street parking is available in the right locations and at the right price. This is coupled with progressive removal of minimum parking requirements for new development and introduction of an off-street parking management scheme which ensures that the appropriate demand for parking is catered for on-site or off-site as part of the scheme other pricing and charging mechanisms for private motor vehicle travel, including advocacy to Federal Government in relation to income tax deductions and benefits provided for private motor vehicle purchase and running costs. Lobby for the investment of funds into local public and active transport infrastructure and services Green travel plans are developed in collaboration with schools and employers to encourage more sustainable means to travel Support the progressive introduction of real time information systems. Branding of public and active transport initiatives as an effective way to communicate travel demand management messages High quality sustainable transport choices are branded and marketed in such a way those consumers will feel proud to be seen making this choice TravelSmart programs may focus on marketing the benefits of all available transport alternatives to communicate the positive impact of changing travel behaviour on the sustainability of the Sunshine Coast TravelSmart programs may identify all available transport options for the spectrum of transport users and promote the benefits of sustainable modes to target audiences TravelSmart programs developed in coordination with public and active transport improvement programs assist in improving uptake Easy access to journey information using emerging electronic technology. 46 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

22 Indicators Mode splits (Census). Index of relative household transport costs. Existing travel patterns of residents. Increase public transport patronage. Increase cycling as a mode of travel. Length of cycle paths/ lanes constructed over a period. Increase public transport levels of service through reduced headways (increased frequency) on key routes. Increased community awareness of transport issues (tested via focus groups). Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

23 Goal 2 48 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

24 Goal 2 Transport planning is collaborative, cost-effective and progressive. Goal 2: Transport planning is collaborative, cost-effective and progressive. Objective 4: Integrate planning, design and delivery for transport investments. Integrated policies 4.1 An integrated approach to planning, design, and delivery of transport investments ensures that implementation matches endorsed plans, programs, and strategies and supports land use. 4.2 Collaborative efforts inform decisions for the Sunshine Coast transport system, involving a range of stakeholders, including all levels of government, the private sector, and the Sunshine Coast community. 4.3 In the planning, design and implementation of transport systems the whole of trip (i.e. origin, route, and destination) and the mode of travel is considered to anticipate all potential impacts. Detail Integrated approach for all road-based transport corridors and off-road active transport corridors A shift from higher prioritisation of funding for roads to cater for private motor vehicle travel to greater investment in funding of multi-modal transport corridors and support systems (including bus priority at intersections) occurs increasingly over time Providing for bus priority at intersections may involve all intersections on bus routes with an Annual Average Daily Traffic count of 8000 vehicles per day and reprioritisation of all give way and stop signs on bus routes to favour bus movements and potentially provision of queue jumps at all signalised intersections Corridors reflect surrounding land use needs and vice versa. All stakeholders responsible for the delivery of transport infrastructure work in partnership to plan for and construct an integrated and sustainable network Develop mechanisms to facilitate cooperation with State transport agencies, particularly for projects which are not controlled by Council Ongoing implementation of community engagement mechanisms such as the Transport Community Group to share ideas and integrate community needs into transport policy and implementation Public consultation associated with the Strategy and ongoing communication through progress updates. Planning, design and implementation of transport systems considers transport infrastructure, parking, control systems, and end of trip facilities. Indicators Proportion of planned programs and strategies implemented in allocated timeframes. Expenditure (percentage) on roads compared with alternative transport infrastructure and support systems. Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

25 Goal 2: Transport planning is collaborative, cost-effective and progressive. Objective 5: Plan and deliver a transport network that is cost effective and multi-use, providing enduring benefi ts. Integrated policies 5.1 Planning and delivery of new and/or additional transport infrastructure and services and maintenance and rehabilitation of existing infrastructure and services is cost effective, involving innovative funding measures. 5.2 Transport investments are adaptive to potential changes in future transport preferences with an increasingly higher allocation towards delivery of public and active transport infrastructure and services. 5.3 The transport network provides permeability and legibility, by improving linkages between communities, activity centres, enterprise areas and other corridors to better utilise existing network capacity and traffic distribution among available corridors. Detail Generate revenue streams to fund transport through more cost-efficient capital investment programs, public funding policies and other user pricing mechanisms accounting for the external costs imposed on society by general road users and reflecting the co-benefits of improved and more widely used public transport Involve partnerships for funding transport system elements Review parking and end of trip facilities for all modes. New roads and road upgrade projects consider opportunities to incorporate high occupancy vehicle lanes and active transport lanes/ paths/ adequate shoulders Provide support to the State Government to bring forward public transport system benefits Advocate for an operator contract review and consider incentive-based contracts related to patronage growth and service reliability New roads beyond those identified in the detailed transport hierarchy (the map that will provide a hierarchy for lower order corridors) will be limited to those required for greenfield development within the urban footprint and those required to improve permeability in the network, where best case alternative transport solutions do not relieve concentrated general traffic load A greater proportion of local government transportation investment from general rates into active transport infrastructure, with the transport levy or similar providing a supplement to (but not replacing) State Government funding for public transport infrastructure and services. Improving permeability will allow for distribution of traffic across the network. High order roads (Highway, Motorway, major arterial and arterial roads) will generally carry high volumes of traffic undertaking longer trips, and low order roads will cater primarily for local traffic volumes The level of service for private motor vehicles will reduce over time as the road network reaches peak capacity. Building more roads will not produce desirable long-term outcomes for a viable sustainable transport network. Congestion will be managed through travel demand policies to reduce impacts on commerce (including freight, which is able to move efficiently on appropriate corridors), facilitating free flowing travel will no longer be the primary objective for road design New development establishes a permeable road network that provides for all transport modes and incorporates transport safety, amenity, and functionality. 50 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

26 Indicators Proportion of budget for each transport mode (capital compared to recurrent budget). Level of State expenditure. Number of new transport corridor connections to increase permeability. Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

27 Goal 3 52 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

28 Goal 3 A conserving, clean and green system. Goal 3: A conserving, clean and green system. Objective 6: Reduce transportation energy consumption and resource depletion. Integrated policies 6.1 Advocate for public transport systems to achieve reductions in fossil fuel consumption. 6.2 Encourage use of energy efficient private and commercial vehicles, particularly those with alternative propulsion systems. 6.3 Alternative fuel technologies derived from sustainable and renewable resources with low greenhouse gas emissions are encouraged as appropriate to support all motorised movement modes. Detail Advocate for the progressive but immediate start of a transition to increasing numbers of passenger vehicles with alternative propulsion systems producing little or no greenhouse gas emissions including nitrous oxides Advocate for reduced energy per passenger targets. Electric vehicles (including e-bikes and scooters) powered by renewable electricity (green power) and recharge stations are encouraged Consider incentives for purchase/ retrofit of vehicles with low emissions and renewable propulsion systems Development accommodates purpose-designed spaces for motorcycles and motor scooters in highly visible and accessible location, convenient to entrance of the premises. Allow for infrastructure and incentives needed to support renewable alternative propulsion systems Sustainable alternative fuels may involve solar power, green powered electric, hybrid and flex fuel vehicles and biofuels. More research and development is required to make decisions about which technologies to accommodate, holistic environmental performance and its net contribution to ecological sustainability Renewable alternative propulsion systems to service the aviation industry are encouraged. Indicators Vehicle kilometres travelled by public transport fleet, (recorded in bi-annual inspections) and general traffic (using screen lines). Percentage of alternative-fuel and advanced-technology vehicles in the total Council fleet and percentage of registered vehicles. Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

29 Goal 3: A conserving, clean and green system. Objective 7: Reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants from transportation. Integrated policies 7.1 Support programs to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases produced by transport and tourism industries. 7.2 Investigate and deliver ways for Council to lead by example to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Detail Encourage establishment of carbon-offset programs Reduce vehicle kilometres travelled through local production, storage, and distribution Public transport network and active transport opportunities aimed at accommodating tourist traffic Marketing to educate visitors on travel options available and branding to identify transport initiatives provided by Council Consider opportunities to pursue a buy-local campaign to reduce reliance on external inputs into the region. This may serve to stimulate the local economy and reduce freight miles and carbon emissions. Transport accounts for 27 per cent of the region s greenhouse gas emissions. These emissions can be minimised by avoiding vehicle use; changing the types of fuel used; and switching to more sustainable transport options, including: TravelSmart programs targeted at Council employees (shuttle buses, car-pooling programs, public transport, walking and cycling) Increase Council s fleet of hybrid vehicles and investigate other alternative fuel technology options. Encourage electric power sourced from Green Power Businesses and communities are encouraged to develop green travel plans. Indicators Public transport and active transport mode share. Index of emissions intensity of Council vehicle fleet. 54 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

30 Goal 3: A conserving, clean and green system. Objective 8: Deliver a transport system and related infrastructure in an environmentally responsible manner. Integrated policies 8.1 Support public transport services that operate on environmentally friendly technology. 8.2 Planning and development of transport corridors includes mitigation measures against environmental, social and economic impacts. 8.3 New roads beyond those identified in the Detailed 2031 Sustainable Transport Hierarchy map will be limited to those required for greenfield development within the urban footprint and those required to improve permeability in the network, where best case public and active transport solutions do not relieve concentrated general traffic load. 8.4 Support active transport as the cleanest, greenest form of transport. Detail Establishment of a performance-based system for public transport, where selection is based on the environmental performance of passenger vehicles Advocate for use of environmentally friendly vehicles in public transport. The location, alignment, proportions and design of new and expanded transport corridors minimises direct and indirect impacts on fauna and provides for fauna movement and connectivity Transport infrastructure modes are co-located within existing and planned transport corridors Measures to reduce or remove environmental nuisance caused by transport are integrated into new development of noise sensitive land uses. Such measures involve visually appealing and suitably wide natural buffers in preference to acoustic attenuation fences or corridors of death. A network of transport corridors provides for the long-term transportation needs of the Sunshine Coast and will be identified in the detailed transport hierarchy, which builds upon the strategic transport hierarchy map and classifies lower order transport corridors The automatic need to add capacity for general traffic into the existing traffic network (i.e. continually widening corridors by adding general traffic lanes), is resisted. This is first achieved by ensuring the existing corridor capacity is utilised, and then looking at ways to improve other sustainable transport networks which relieve the corridor s concentrated load and finally by reviewing other ways to create capacity (i.e. by improving permeability or improving conditions on alternative corridors). Reallocation of transport funding saved from increasing general traffic capacity is intended to contribute to the planning and development of alternative transport networks. Support the development of active transport networks within the wider transport network and ensure integration with existing and new development and public transport services and interchanges Ensure the walking and cycling environment is safe, connected and easy to use for all users Education and information provides residents and visitors with the knowledge and skills to utilise walking and cycling facilities. Indicators Proportion of public transport services operating with environmentally friendly technology. Mode share of active and public transport. Environmental nuisance noise levels from transport industries and cost analysis of nuisance. Visual appearance and experience of the journey measured through satisfaction survey. Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

31 Goal 4 56 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

32 Goal 4 Transport and land use integration serves the local and regional economy and promotes self containment. Goal 4: Transport and land use integration serves the local and regional economy and promotes self containment. Objective 9: Creating connected and effi cient access and connection within and between communities. Integrated policies 9.1 A network of transport corridors provides for the long term needs of the Sunshine Coast, recognising and providing for travel within and between activity centres, enterprise areas and communities. 9.2 Congestion on transport corridors is managed to provide for efficient movement, particularly between activity centres and communities. Detail Multi-modal transport corridor and off-road active transport corridor linkages between regional activity centres and also between other activity centres and surrounding communities Multi-modal transport corridors will provide for sustainable alternative transport modes including public transport, walking, cycling and motor scooters Interconnecting links to improve flexibility The transport network is progressively developed to lead rather than follow population growth and favour the delivery of sustainable transport infrastructure over infrastructure catering to general traffic. Congestion management plans are developed for peak demand areas and periods Public and active transport priorities are developed to a standard that provide superior alternative choices particularly for peak demand periods Level of service for general traffic varies, however, as congestion progressively increases, in addition to transport alternatives being provided, the remaining corridor capacity is utilised by improving the permeability of the network and increasing the distribution of traffic throughout the system. Indicators Measure and report vehicle kilometres travelled per household by suburb. Travel times between destinations comparison across transport modes. Screen line indicators. Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

33 Goal 4: Transport and land use integration serves the local and regional economy and promotes self containment. Objective 10: Efficient freight movement. Integrated policies 10.1 An efficient freight system supports the economic development of the Sunshine Coast while respecting our distinctive lifestyle attributes Partnerships are developed between all levels of government and industry stakeholders to improve freight efficiency and movement to, from, and within the Sunshine Coast Integration of industrial and enterprise areas with freight based access routes to minimise land use conflicts and ensure successful operation Industrial land accessible to priority freight corridors is protected for industry, logistics and other uses that require high volumes of commercial or freight trips Protect the strategic freight network while managing the impacts of freight in urban areas. Detail Freight movements facilitate safe travel for both operators and the community Commercial freight effectively provides delivery to activity centres. Encourage enhanced relationships within the supply chain to streamline freight logistic practices and transport system efficiency Encourage management of conflicts between delivery vehicles and other road users and improve efficiency of deliveries. Planning for freight movement is integrated into all land use and transport planning Freight routes identified on Map 1 Strategic Transport Hierarchy are of high importance to the development and operation of successful enterprise areas. The Bruce Highway, Sunshine Motorway (Bruce Highway to Maroochydore) and Steve Irwin Way (Bruce Highway to Landsborough) are priority freight routes identified in the Regional Plan Suitable industrial land along these routes is identified and protected for enterprise activities. Advocate for increased capacity of North Coast rail line to improve both freight and passenger operations Advocate for the Priority One (as identified in the Regional Plan) freight route (Bruce Highway) to be adequately developed to handle its share of the freight task Additional potential locations for the development of multi modal connections to encourage industry to adopt a more integrated approach to delivering freight to consumers are identified The impact of progressively increasing light freight vehicle traffic is managed. Indicators Screen line indicators. Financial implications of congestion congestion management plans. Measure and report freight vehicle kilometres travelled. 58 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

34 Goal 4: Transport and land use integration serves the local and regional economy and promotes self containment. Objective 11: Efficient tourism transport, providing an enjoyable tourist travel experience. Integrated policies 11.1 The impact of transport on major tourism hubs and other high tourist activity areas is managed to ensure visiting tourists are not discouraged The tourism and travel functions of the Sunshine Coast Airport and surrounding community amenity are protected Tourists are encouraged to utilise public and active transport (particularly public transport) while visiting the Sunshine Coast Aviation facilities operate efficiently on the Sunshine Coast, providing both travel and general aviation services Water based services may provide future commuter transport opportunities (where feasible). Detail Public and active transport linkages are enhanced by parking management measures, for example shuttle buses established in conjunction with parking stations Public transport contracts are negotiated to facilitate visitor friendly transport options. Support the development objectives of the Sunshine Coast Airport Master Plan Limit sensitive development within aviation affected areas so it does not compromise future development opportunities for the airport. Encourage the implementation of a regular bus service linking the Sunshine Coast Airport and Maroochydore Public transport network connections servicing major tourist nodes are improved, particularly to service peak season demand Active transport connections servicing major tourist nodes are improved Marketing and branding to promote available public and active transport options to Sunshine Coast visitors and to the tourist industry Public and active transport timetables, maps and incentives provided at accommodation houses and through travel/ booking agents. The proposed expansion of aviation facilities at Sunshine Coast Airport occurs in accordance with the adopted master plan General aviation facilities for the Sunshine Coast area provided in a purpose built general aviation facility Address the regulation of private helipads and airstrips. Advocate for opportunities for introducing water based commuter services to be investigated by the State Government, and if feasible, progressively integrated into the public transport network Support tourist based water transport opportunities. Indicators Use of public and active transport timetables, maps and incentives provided at accommodation houses and through travel/ booking agents. Patronage of services aimed at attracting tourists, for example, Sunshine Coast Airport service. Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

35 Goal 5 60 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

36 Goal 5 A safe travel environment is delivered. Goal 5: A safe travel environment is delivered. Objective 12: Increasing resilience of the road transport system to human error. Integrated policies 12.1 Support the coordination of road safety planning and action within Council and with external partner organisations Make road safety a priority in the planning and management of land use Improve the safety of roads and roadside environments. Detail Develop and implement a Road Safety Plan Engage stakeholders in safety initiatives and programs Improve safety of all road users, including pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, motor scooter drivers and motorists. Incorporate road safety and traffic management issues into the planning process A safe transport network established to meet future needs of planned growth. Road safety audits for new roads and periodic audits of existing Council roads and paths Policy regarding vegetation hazards within the road reserve Guidelines for road shoulder sealing Control illegal parking Safety improvements at crash locations Manage road maintenance impacts between modes and ensure walking and cycling opportunities are not compromised. Prepare safety plans for all transport users before starting maintenance works (including people with impaired access/ mobility) Reduced speeds where necessary to support place making projects. Indicators Index of road injuries and fatalities. Crash data identifying hazard locations that include corridor treatments and black spots. Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

37 Goal 5: A safe travel environment is delivered. Objective 13: Create safer road user behaviour. Integrated policies 13.1 Support education programs to improve road user behaviour and reduce road trauma Assist in developing community ownership of road safety objectives. Detail Support efforts to reduce incidences of drink driving Provide intelligence to police on organised illegal road use from community feedback Support education campaigns promoting consequences of not using restraints for all vehicle occupants and targeted programs at vulnerable road users (motorcyclists, young drivers, students, pedestrians and cyclists, motorised mobility scooter drivers) Promotion of travel at safe speeds and investigate need to reduce speeds in conjunction with other urban planning and place making objectives. Engage volunteer assistance in delivery of safety programs. Indicators Number of initiatives undertaken or campaigns run by Council or in conjunction with the State Government. Road crash data including incidences of alcohol related crashes on the local road network. Road crash data including incidences of motorcycle, young driver crashes on the local road network. Road crash data including incidences of cyclist and pedestrian crashes on the local road network. 62 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

38 Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

39 Glossary Arterial main street Arterial road Active transport modes Alternative propulsion systems Alternative transport modes Streets that combine high through movements with a circulation element along with a high access function. Facilitate longer distance and regionally significant traffic movements, some with restricted access. Provides for longer distance cycle movements. Tradionally the main connection between residential communities and activity centres. Non-motorised forms of transport involving physical activity, such as walking and cycling. Refers to the various technologies being evaluated by the automotive industry to lessen demands on fossil fuels and reduce emissions. Other benefits include conservation of natural resources, cheaper transportation, better efficiency etc. The major developments have been seen primarily in four sectors:- solar power, bio-fuel, hybrid and fuel cells. Pedestrian, cycling, public transport and modes other than private motor vehicles. B- Double A freight vehicle combination consisting of a prime mover towing 2 semi-trailers. CAMCOS public transport corridor Infrastructure incorporating:- (a) the land comprised in the Caboolture to Maroochydore (public transport) Corridor Study alignment and that proposed by local government for the extent through the Caloundra South Urban Development Area as shown on Map 1: Strategic Transport Hierarchy Map and subject to further investigation and approval by the State Government; and (b) all other land, facilities, services and works necessary to operate a high capacity high speed public passenger transport service within the corridor. Greenlink Infrastructure Integrated MMTC or multi modal transport corridor Non-arterial road/street Activity Centres Master Planned Area A public and active transport corridor only proposed to link the Palmview Master Planned Area with neighbouring activity centres. Fixed equipment (such as roads, railways and traffic lights) needed for transport services. Combined into a unified system taking into consideration all relationships. In terms of transport this means considering all modes, land use patterns and social, environmental and economic impacts. The north-south transport corridor comprising an arterial road between the Sunshine Motorway and Caloundra Road and part of the proposed CAMCOS public transport corridor. The collector and local road or street system comprises all facilities not on one of the higher systems. They serve to provide direct access to abutting land and access to the higher order system along with a circulation function. Sunshine Coast Major and Principal centres identified on Map 10: Activity Centres Network of the South East Queensland Regional Plan (Maroochydore (Principal), Caloundra, Caloundra South, Nambour, Beerwah, Sippy Downs and Kawana). Sunshine Coast Master Planned Areas (Palmview and Maroochydore) as declared under the Sustainable Planning Act 2009 (SPA) on 18 December Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

40 Self containment Sustainable Sustainable transport modes Sustainable transport infrastructure Detailed 2031 Sustainable Transport Hierarchy map Traffi c calming Transport Management Association Transit oriented community Transit oriented development Transport system Trip Urban development Urban Development Area Urban Footprint The capacity of an urban community to rely predominantly on economic activity, employment and infrastructure found within that community. The term sustainable is derived from the term sustainable development which was used by the Brundtland Commission which coined what has become the most oftenquoted definition of sustainable development as development that meets the needs of thepresent without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Pedestrian, cycling, public transport and private motor vehicles powered by renewable fuel sources. Infrastructure associated with facilitating pedestrian, cyclist, public transport and fuel efficient or alternative fuel sourced private motor vehicle movement. Detailed hierarchy of transport corridors to be developed for the New Sunshine Coast Planning Scheme. Traffic management techniques aimed at reducing the impact of traffic on local streets. An association of a mix of local public and private stakeholders, formed to facilitate ongoing public participation in parking issues and coordinate transportation related services for a local centre. TMAs attempt to address many cultural and organisational barriers to sustainable transport outcomes. They can undertake transport planning services, parking brokerage services and community outreach and education. An area where it is intended the principles of transit oriented development will be applied at a broad hectare level. Mixed use residential and commercial areas, designed to maximise the efficient use of land through high levels of access to public transport. Transit oriented development usually features higher intensity development, a strongly pedestrianised environment, a clear and interactive community focus, generous public spaces and high quality urban design. Infrastructure, services and equipment to provide for the movement of people and freight. A one way journey by an individual using any mode of transport. Establishment of new communities comprising residential, commercial and other areas. On 22 October 2010, the State Government declared Caloundra South and the undeveloped lands adjoining Bellvista as an Urban Development Area under the Urban Land Development Authority Act The state s declaration has removed from Council the planning responsibility for these lands. The effect of the State Government s decision gives planning responsibility to the Urban Land Development Authority, a State Government agency. The Urban Footprint Regional Land Use Category shown in the SEQ Regional Plan which identifies land to provide for the region s urban development needs to 2026 and which defines the limits to urban development. Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

41 References Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006, Sunshine Coast Journey to Work Travel Mode Share Data. Australian Transport Council, 2001, National Road Safety Strategy , Canberra. Australian Transport Council, 2008, National Road Safety Action Plan 2009 and 2010, Canberra. Austroads 2009, Guide to Road Safety Part 4 Local Government and Community Road Safety, Sydney. British Medical Association, 1997, Road transport and health. London, British Medical Association. Caloundra City Council, 2007, Caloundra City Local Growth Management Strategy, Version Caloundra, Caloundra City Council. Chloë Mason, 2000, Medical Journal of Australia, 172: Transport and health: en route to a healthier Australia, Sydney, Australasian Medical Publishing Company Proprietary Limited. Department of Infrastructure and Planning, 2009, South East Queensland Regional Plan , Brisbane, Queensland Government. Department of Infrastructure and Planning, 2009, South East Queensland Infrastructure Plan and Program , Brisbane, Queensland Government. Department of Transport and Main Roads, 1997, SEQ Integrated Regional Transport Plan, Brisbane, Queensland Government. Department of Transport and Main Roads, 2009, South East Queensland Regional Freight Strategy , Brisbane, Queensland Government. Iain Butterworth, 2000, The Relationship Between the Built Environment and Wellbeing: a Literature Review, Melbourne, Victorian Health Promotion Foundation. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007), IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Mitigation of Climate Change, chapter 5, Transport and its Infrastructure (pdf). ar4-wg3-chapter5.pdf. Retrieved Marshall, Stephen, 2004, Building on Buchanan: Evolving Road Hierarch for Today s Streets-Orientated Design Agenda, London, University College London & University of Westminster. Parsons Brinckerhoff Australia, 2007, Maroochy Shire Transport Strategy, Phase A Report, Maroochy Shire Council. Parsons Brinckerhoff Australia, 2007, Maroochy Shire Transport Strategy, Phase B Report, Maroochy Shire Council. Population Information and Forecasting Unit, 2008, Population Projections, Qld, 2008 Edition, Medium Series (August 2008). Prevention Institute, 2004, The Built Environment and Health: 11 Profiles of Neighborhood Transformation, Oakland. Queensland Government (Department of Transport and Department of Main Roads), 2004, Queensland Road Safety Strategy , Brisbane, Queensland Government. Queensland Transport, CoastConnect, 2009, Caloundra to Maroochydore Revised Concept Designs, Brisbane Queensland Government. Queensland Transport, 2009, Queensland Road Safety Action Plan , Brisbane, Queensland Government. Schafer, A. (1998), The global demand for motorized mobility, Transportation Research A 32(6), Sinclair Knight Merz, 2007, SunTran Sub-Regional Integrated Transport Strategy for the Sunshine Coast Sun-Tran Stage 2, Final Report. Sinclair Knight Merz, 2006, Twice the Task A Review of Australia s Freight Transport Tasks, National Transport Commission, lemedia/reports/ Twice the Task ReportFeb2006.pdf. Sipe N., Dodson J., 2010, Household Vulnerability on the Sunshine Coast to Rising Oil and Fuel Prices, Griffith University, Brisbane. Sunshine Coast Council, 2009, Statement of Proposals for the Sunshine Coast Planning Scheme. Sunshine Coast Council, 2010, Draft Caloundra South Structure Plan. Sunshine Coast Council, 2010, Draft Maroochydore Principal Activity Centre Structure Plan. Sunshine Coast Council, 2010, Draft Palmview Structure Plan. Sunshine Coast Council, 2010, Climate Change and Peak Oil Strategy. Sunshine Coast Council, 2010, Affordable Living Strategy. Sunshine Coast Council, 2013, Regional Economic Development Strategy Todd Litman, 1998, Measuring Transportation: Traffic, Mobility and Accessibility, Victoria Transport Policy Institute. Retrieved Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

42 Todd Litman 2009, Sustainable Transportation and TDM, Online TDM Encyclopedia. Victoria Transport Policy Institute. UUhttp:// Retrieved US Environmental Protection Agency, 2002, National multipollutant emissions comparison by source sector in 2002, htm#multinat. Retrieved Vic Roads, 2009, Draft Guidelines for Network Operation Planning, Victoria, Victorian Government. World Energy Council, 2007, Transport Technologies and Policy Scenarios, publications/809.asp. Retrieved World Health Organisation, 2002, Health effects of transport, hia/ _2. Retrieved Sunshine Coast Sustainable Transport Strategy

43 T F Locked Bag 72 Sunshine Coast Mail Centre Qld /14.