BPA Air Conditioner Test Results. Tests on November 22 nd and 28 th, 2016

Transcription

1 BPA Air Conditioner Test Results Tests on November 22 nd and 28 th, 216

2 Key Takeaways Stalling Depends on many factors There is no single correct set of stall values to use These tests support the WECC phase 2 default values of Vstall=.45 and Tstall=2 cycles as reasonable conservative values More optimistic values that are still within the realm of reason are: Vstall=.45 and Tstall=5 cycles Vstall=.4 and Tstall=3 cycles or even 5 cycles

3 Factors which impact air conditioner stalling Factors impacting AC stalling Voltage dip magnitude Voltage dip duration Time to ramp down from initial voltage to dip voltage Final voltage (recovery voltage) Time to ramp up from dip voltage to final voltage Ambient temperature Fault initiating on the positive crest, zero crossing, or negative crest of the voltage wave cycle With all of these factors, there is no single correct value to use for Tstall and Vstall

4 Voltage Dip Test Variables V V recovery V dip T ramp T recovery T dip t

5 Test Background These tests were conducted with a Train brand reciprocating compressor air conditioner Tests were conducted on Nov. 22 nd with an ambient temperature in the mid 9s F, and Nov. 28 th with an ambient temperature at about 1 F

6 Nov. 22 nd BPA Lab Tests Tdip Vdip POW recovery ramp, starts at Stalled? Contactors opened? date temp 2 cycles.4 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, crest yes yes 22-Nov mid 9's 2 cycles.45 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, crest no yes 22-Nov mid 9's 3 cycles.45 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, crest yes yes 22-Nov mid 9's 3 cycles.5 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, crest no no 22-Nov mid 9's 4 cycles.5 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, crest no no 22-Nov mid 9's 5 cycles.5 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, crest no no 22-Nov mid 9's 6 cycles.5 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, crest no no 22-Nov mid 9's 9 cycles.5 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, crest no no 22-Nov mid 9's 12 cycles.5 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, crest yes no 22-Nov mid 9's Tests assumed a.5 cycle ramp down to Vdip, ramp started at the crest, and an instantaneous recovery to.85 pu Key result here is that at Vdip=.5 pu the air conditioner does not stall even for long dips (Tdip at 6 cycles, which is longer than 5 kv and 23 kv normal clearing times) The data here also supports Vstall=.45 and Tstall=32 ms as conservative WECC default data May or may not stall for Vdip=.45 and Tdip=3 cycles

7 Nov. 28 th BPA Lab Tests Tdip Vdip POW recovery ramp, starts at Stalled? Contactors opened? date temp 2 cycles.45 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, xing no no 28-Nov 1 3 cycles.45 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, xing no no 28-Nov 99 3 cycles.4 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, xing no yes 28-Nov 99 3 cycles.4 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, xing yes yes 28-Nov 99 4 cycles.4 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, xing yes yes 28-Nov 99 Tests assumed a.5 cycle ramp down to Vdip, ramp started at the zero crossing, and an instantaneous recovery to.85 pu Temperature was slightly higher than the Nov. 22 nd tests, also we applied the ramp starting a zero crossing instead of starting at the crest Key result here is that recommending Vstall=.45 and Tstall=.32 s is conservative. A sensitivity study can decrease Vstall to.4 and Tstall to 3 cycles and still be within the realm of reason. Results show the air conditioner may or may not stall at this point

8 Nov. 28 th BPA Lab Tests (2) Tdip Vdip POW recovery ramp, starts at Stalled? Contactors opened? date temp comments 2 cycles.45 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, xing no no 28-Nov 1 no recovery ramp 2 cycles.45 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, xing no no 28-Nov 1.5 cycle recovery ramp 2 cycles.45 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, xing no no 28-Nov 1 1 cycle recovery ramp 2 cycles.4 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, xing no yes 28-Nov 1 no recovery ramp 2 cycles.4 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, xing no yes 28-Nov 1.5 cycle recovery ramp 2 cycles.4 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, xing no yes 28-Nov 1 1 cycle recovery ramp Tests assumed a.5 cycle ramp down to Vdip, ramp started at the zero crossing, and varied ramp up to recovery of.85 pu Temperature was slightly higher than the Nov. 22 nd tests, also we applied the ramp starting a zero crossing instead of starting at the crest Key result here is that contactors consistently opened for Vdip=.4 pu and consistently did not open for Vdip =.45 pu, regardless of whether recovery voltage was instantaneous or ramped over a cycle Another result is that adding a 1 cycle ramp to the recovery voltage did not necessarily make the air conditioner more prone to stalling, at least not for Tdip=2 cycles.

9 Nov. 28 th BPA Lab Tests (3) Tdip Vdip POW recovery ramp, starts at Stalled? Contactors opened? date temp comments 4 cycles.45 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, xing no no 28-Nov 99 no recovery ramp 4 cycles.45 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, xing no no 28-Nov 99.5 cycle recovery ramp 4 cycles.45 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, xing no no 28-Nov 99 1 cycle recovery ramp 5 cycles.45 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, xing no no 28-Nov 99.5 cycle recovery ramp 5 cycles.45 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, xing no no 28-Nov 99 1 cycle recovery ramp Tests assumed a.5 cycle ramp down to Vdip, ramp started at the zero crossing, and varied ramp up to recovery to.85 pu Temperature was slightly higher than the Nov. 22 nd tests, also we applied the ramp starting a zero crossing instead of starting at the crest Key result here is that when doing sensitivity studies it is reasonable to set Vstall=.45 and increase Tstall to 5 cycles. Also, assuming a 1 cycle ramp up to the recovery voltage of.85 does not necessarily increase likelihood of stalling

10 Nov. 28 th BPA Lab Tests (4) Tdip Vdip POW recovery ramp, starts at Stalled? Contactors opened? date temp comments 3 cycles.4 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, xing yes yes 28-Nov 1 no recovery ramp 3 cycles.4 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, xing no yes 28-Nov 99 no recovery ramp, repeat test 4 cycles.4 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, xing yes yes 28-Nov 99 no recovery ramp 3 cycles.4 ramp.85 recovery 1 cycle ramp, xing no no 28-Nov 1 no recovery ramp 3 cycles.4 ramp.85 recovery 1 cycle ramp, xing no no 28-Nov 1 no recovery ramp, repeat test 4 cycles.4 ramp.85 recovery 1 cycle ramp, xing no no 28-Nov 1 no recovery ramp 5 cycles.4 ramp.85 recovery 1 cycle ramp, xing no no 28-Nov 1 no recovery ramp Key result here is that assuming a 1 cycle ramp down for Vdip instead of a.5 cycle ramp down significantly improves performance If a 1 cycle ramp is assumed, then Vstall=.4 and Tstall=5 cycles is within the realm of reason For a.5 cycle ramp, the air conditioner may or may not stall for Vdip=.4 and Tstall=3 cycles. This supports the WECC recommended Vstall=.45 and Tstall=.32 s as conservative parameters

11 Nov. 28 th BPA Lab Tests (5) Tdip Vdip POW recovery ramp, starts at Stalled? Contactors opened? date temp 2 cycles.4 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, xing no yes 28-Nov 1 2 cycles.4 ramp.85 recovery.5 cycle ramp, xing no yes 28-Nov 1 2 cycles.4 ramp.85 recovery no ramp, xing yes yes 28-Nov 1 2 cycles.4 ramp.85 recovery no ramp, crest yes yes 28-Nov 1 Key result here is that assuming a.5 cycle ramp instead of no ramp has a significant impact on performance

12 Nov. 28 th BPA Lab Tests (6) Tdip Vdip POW recovery ramp, starts at Stalled? Contactors opened? date temp 2 cycles.4 ramp.85 recovery no ramp, crest yes yes 28-Nov 1 2 cycles.4 ramp.85 recovery no ramp, crest, negative no no 28-Nov 1 Key result here is assuming the dip starts on a negative crest gives a different result from assuming the dip starts on a positive crest This may be because the air conditioner has an auxiliary winding with an in-run capacitor, so the positive voltage crest looks different from the negative voltage crest to the motor If a.5 cycle ramp is assumed, then Vstall=.4 and Tstall=2 cycles is within the realm of reason

13 Single Phase Motor Schematic Note the in-run capacitor on the aux winding Because of this, a positive voltage peak looks different than a negative voltage peak 13

14 Plots from Lab tests These plots are from Tests done November 22 nd and November 28 th, 216 at BPA using a Train brand reciprocating AC Results are sorted in order of Vdip from highest to lowest (best to worst case) For a given Vdip, results are sorted by Tdip from lowest to highest (best to worst case)

15 Vdip (% of initial voltage) Initial voltage Recovery voltage Tdip POW to start ramp down on Ramp duration date 24_5%_85%_3cyc_crest_ramp5cyc_ h5m39s.mat

16 Main winding voltage Hi pressure chamber 24_5%_85%_4cyc_crest_ramp5cyc_ h53m24s.mat Aux winding voltage Main current Aux current

17 24_5%_85%_5cyc_crest_ramp5cyc_ h54m32s.mat

18 24_5%_85%_6cyc_crest_ramp5cyc_ h55m13s.mat

19 24_5%_85%_9cyc_crest_ramp5cyc_ h56m21s.mat

20 24_5%_85%_12cyc_crest_ramp5cyc_ h57m29s.mat

21 24_45%_85%_2cyc_zero_ramp1cyc_ h3m52s.mat

22 24_45%_85%_2cyc_zero_ramp5cyc_ h27m38s.mat

23 24_45%_85%_2cyc_zero_ramp1cyc_ h1m59s.mat

24 24_45%_85%_2cyc_zero_ramp5cyc_ h7m29s.mat

25 24_45%_85%_2cyc_zero_ramp5cyc_ h54m8s.mat

26 24_45%_85%_2cyc_zero_ramp5_cyc_ h26m14s.mat

27 24_45%_85%_2cyc_zero_ramp5_1cyc_ h28m5s.mat

28 24_45%_85%_2cyc_crest_ramp5cyc_ h38m26s.mat

29 24_45%_85%_2cyc_crest_ramp5cyc_ h49m17s.mat

30 24_45%_85%_3cyc_zero_ramp5cyc_ h9m54s.mat

31 4 24_45%_85%_3cyc_crest_ramp5cyc_ h47m23s.mat

32 24_45%_85%_3cyc_crest_ramp5cyc_ h47m23s.mat

33 24_45%_85%_4cyc_zero_ramp5cyc_ h38m29s.mat

34 24_45%_85%_4cyc_zero_ramp5_1cyc_ h39m25s.mat

35 24_45%_85%_4cyc_zero_ramp5_cyc_ h37m32s.mat

36 24_45%_85%_5cyc_zero_ramp5cyc_ h42m21s.mat

37 24_45%_85%_5cyc_zero_ramp5_1cyc_ h43m1s.mat

38 24_45%_85%_5cyc_zero_ramp5_cyc_ h44m6s.mat

39 24_4%_85%_2cyc_zero_ramp5cyc_ h31m9s.mat

40 24_4%_85%_2cyc_zero_ramp5_1cyc_ h32ms.mat

41 24_4%_85%_2cyc_zero_ramp5_cyc_ h29m59s.mat

42 24_4%_85%_2cyc_zero_ h18m24s.mat

43 24_4%_85%_2cyc_crest_ramp5cyc_ h2m58s.mat

44 24_4%_85%_2cyc_crest_ramp5cyc_ h1m51s.mat

45 24_4%_85%_2cyc_crest_ramp5cyc_ h4m11s.mat

46 24_4%_85%_2cyc_crest_ramp5_cyc_ h4m25s.mat

47 24_4%_85%_2cyc_crest_ h21m58s.mat

48 24_4%_85%_2cyc_zero_ramp5cyc_ h17m4s.mat

49 24_4%_85%_2cyc_zero_ramp5cyc_ h16m33s.mat

50 24_4%_85%_2cyc_zero_ramp5cyc_ h15m38s.mat

51 24_4%_85%_3cyc_zero_ramp1_cyc_ h52m1s.mat

52 24_4%_85%_3cyc_zero_ramp1_cyc_ h51m3s.mat

53 24_4%_85%_3cyc_zero_ramp5cyc_ h13m18s.mat

54 24_4%_85%_3cyc_zero_ramp5_1cyc_ h48m51s.mat

55 24_4%_85%_3cyc_zero_ramp5_cyc_ h54m14s.mat

56 24_4%_85%_3cyc_zero_ramp5_cyc_ h34m27s.mat

57 24_4%_85%_3cyc_crest_ramp5_cyc_ h58m53s.mat

58 24_4%_85%_3cyc_crest_ramp5_cyc_ h57m25s.mat

59 24_4%_85%_4cyc_zero_ramp1_cyc_ h52m57s.mat

60 24_4%_85%_4cyc_zero_ramp5cyc_ h17m4s.mat

61 24_25%_85%_3cyc_zero_ramp5cyc_ h11m26s.mat