Effect of Auxiliary Mechanical Vibrations on Mechanical and Metallurgical properties of Stainless Steel (AISI 202)
|
|
- Esther Spencer
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 IJME, Vol. 1, Issue 1 (Jan-Feb 2014) e-issn: p-issn: Effect of Auxiliary Mechanical Vibrations on Mechanical and Metallurgical properties of Stainless Steel (AISI 202) Vivek Kumar Sharma 1, Munish Kainth 2 1,2 Mechanical Engineering Department, Universal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Lalru, Punjab (India) 1 vivek3052@yahoo.com, 2 kmunishk@gmail.com Abstract-The aim of the work was to obtain a modification in mechanical properties and metallurgical properties of microstructure by auxiliary mechanical vibrations. The study was done to investigate the effect of auxiliary vibratory set up on the mechanical properties of 8 thick stainless steel (AISI 202) butt joint. Bad bead profile has a considerable effect on the performance of weld. One pass of a multi-pass welding has a bad bead profile it can cause incomplete fusion or slag inclusions, even though the subsequent weld assess will partially remelt the first pass. The auxiliary vibration produces disturbance in weld pool during solidification. After completion of nucleation the solidification process will continue with nucleus growth. The weld joint fabricated under vibratory condition was found to possess high tensile strength. Keywords- Manual Arc Welding (MAW), Heat Affected Zone(HAZ), Vibratory Weld Conditioning(VWC), Shielded Metal Arc Welding(SMAW), American Welding Society(AWS), American Iron and Steel Institute(AISI) I. INTRODUCTION Mechanical properties most required of weld metals are toughness and strength. Properties of weld metals are greatly influenced by type of microstructure and grain size. Fine grained materials normally have higher strength and are more ductile than similar coarse grained materials. In addition, the lack of segregation and/or second phases also contributes to higher strength and ductility of materials since there are fewer areas for localized yielding and stress raisers. It is often intended to achieve fine grain structure in the weld bead because such structure leads to:- 1) Reduced susceptibility of the weld metal to solidification cracking during welding. 2) Fine grain help improve mechanical properties like ductility and toughness of weld metal. II. LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter discusses the literature review carried out in order to identify the research gaps in the broader area of micro structural modifications for enhancing the mechanical properties, so that the problem could be identified and accordingly, the objectives be formulated to accomplish using a systematically devised methodology/approach. Many researchers have analyzed the effect of vibrations on microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints and have reached a generic conclusion that vibrations are able to alter/enhance the microstructure thus improving the mechanical properties of welds and cast elements due to the fundamental reason that mechanical properties of welds are influenced by the microstructure and grain size of welds. Mechanism Of Solidification Of Weldments Under Vibratory Condition Watanabe and Nakamura (1990) [2] investigated the effect of electromagnetic stirring on microstructure of SVS 310 S. They examined the parameters to achieve grain refinement like magnetic field intensity, the frequency of alternating International Journal of Mechanical Engineering 1
2 stirring and the relative distance from electrode to magnetic field centre. Their work included laying bead on plate TIG welds under the condition that welding current was 60A and travel speed was 3 cm/min. A significant decrease in the grain size of weld metal could be achieved when the electrode was located 1-2 cm apart from the magnetic field centre in the welding direction and the stirring frequency was Hz. Their work concluded that grain size change/refinement might be due to fragmentation and the increase in constitutional super cooling ahead of solidification interface due to the molten metal stirring assisted by the weld metal in grain refining. Izdinska (1990, 1991) [3] studied the effect of ultrasonic treatment upon fatigue properties of welded joints. His finding was that due to ultrasonic reduction macroscopic residual stresses had a favourable effect on the fatigue properties. This finding was rather favourable when compared with annealing. Dvornak et al. (1991) [4] while studying the solidification under vibratory conditions concluded that the grain refinement so observed was due to the lower energy required for the nucleation of the solid phase. However, the rapid removal of latent heat of solidification from the solid-liquid interface played a minor part in the grain refinement under vibration. Wei (1992) [5] introduced longitudinal steady state sinusoidal vibrations into the unidirectional dendrite solidification process of Al-3 Mg alloy in first (470 Hz), second (1050 Hz) and third (1736 Hz) order resonant frequencies of solidification system to produce strong vibrations response out of less exciting energy. He observed that alloy mechanical properties are appreciably improved if the second and third order resonant frequencies are applied. Miclosi et al. (1993) [6] found good effect of electromagnetic oscillation upon the characteristics of weld. They found that the present of the electromagnetic axial pulsation of the electric arc led to smaller penetration and enlarged the width of the weld. This is favourable effect from the point of view of heat cracking because deep and narrow weld run a higher risk of heat cracking. Govindarao P. et al. (2012) [8] studied that small grain structure is attained due to the effect of vibration Increase in hardness leads to crack initiation along the weld bead, so it is not preferable. During manual butt weld joints uniform long dendrites which show that a uniform solidification process took place with uniform dendrites. Due to auxiliary mechanical vibrations long dendrites break and form a new nucleation sites. AIM OF THE OBJECTIVES Based upon the research gaps identified the following objectives were formulated:- 1) Design and development of a setup for inducing auxiliary mechanical vibrations into the weld pool during welding 2) To study the effect of auxiliary mechanical vibrations on the mechanical properties of butt welded joints using SMAW process on stainless steel combination III. EXPERIMENTAL SET UP An auxiliary mechanical vibration during welding is provided with the help of vibration table. It is designed to carry a load of 140 kg. The apparatus consists of a motor fitted with a variable pitch pulley housed in a cabinet. The vibrations are imparted by means of off-balance masses rotating on a shaft of a vibrator clamped to the underside of the table top. The table top is 50cm x 50cm. and has stops along its edges. The variable pitch pulley arrangement permits the frequency to be varied steplessly between a maximum of 3600 vibrations down to 1600 vibrations per minute. A speed regulation handle is provided for increasing or decreasing the frequency. A switch is provided for starting and stopping the motor. The motor is 3-phase and is suitable for operation on 440 volts, 50 cycles, A.C.supply. The set up has to be in direct contact so as to produce the vibrations under the weld pool. Qinghua, Lu et al. (2007) [7] studied that the microscopic structure has dramatically changed after V-SAW. Vibratory energy breaks up the growing dendrite grains in the weld and the HAZ. A Significantly higher weld pool velocity which leads to a faster the heat removal during solidification is produced in VWC. Thus, the higher the cooling rate, the more the nuclei coming into play and the smaller the grain size. And a finer grain size benefits the mechanical properties. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2
3 SELECTION OF ELECTRODE The selection of electrode for welding the stainless steels is based on the composition of the S.S being welded. It is possible to weld several different stainless steel grades with one filler metal. For shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) there are two types of electrode coatings as per AWS classification. These are E and E The prefix E indicates that it is an arc welding electrode followed by AISI s three digit number. This number indicates the type of stainless steel in the filler metal. To the right of AISI number, the AWS adds dash followed by suffix number. The number 15 is used to indicate that there is a lime based coating so DC is used. The number 16 is used to indicate that there is Titania type coating so AC & DC welding current can be used. The lime type electrodes are more crack resistant and are slightly better. So, that is why E welding electrode is used. Model AWS E Fig: Vibration Table SELECTION OF MATERIAL Stainless steel (SS 202) is selected for this experiment. The dimensions of the plates are 100*100 each and 8 thick. Stainless steel 202 is an Austenitic Standard Grade Stainless Steel. It is also called AISI 202 Chromium-Manganese-Nickel steel. Its chemical composition is composed in table no-1. Table 1: Chemical Composition of SS 202 Element Weight % C 0.10 Mn Si 1.00 Cr Ni P 0.06 S 0.03 N 0.25 Deposited metal chemical composition (%) Diameter 3.15 Type coating type coating character weld power source length use Introduction C 0.08 Mn0.5~2.5 Si 0.90 S P Cu 0.75 Ni9.0~11.0 Mo 0.75 Cr18.0~21.0 stainless steel Titanium calcium Acidity AC or DC 340 Used for welding 0 cr19ni9 and 0 cr19ni11ti stainless steel structure which work temperature below 300,corrosion resistance AWS E is lime-titania type medicine leather Cr19Ni10 stainless steel electrode. Deposited metal has good mechanical properties and resistance to intergranular corrosion resistance. Have good welding processing properties and resistance to cracking. Can be used on ac/dc. SELECTION OF TYPE OF JOINT & WELD TYPE The butt joint is used to join the ends or edges of two plates located approximately in the same plane with each other. Light gauge section requires 90 sheared edges with no International Journal of Mechanical Engineering 3
4 spacing between them. Materials ranging from 8 to 13 thick, which can be welded from one side, should be reduced either as a single-v or a single U joint. It is generally more expensive to prepare a U-shape rather than the straight edged V or bevel. So, single V- butt joint-with gap is selected as shown in fig. below. Fig: Groove Weld [1] IV. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN & ANALYSIS Fig: Single Vee Butt With Gap [1] Now, Edge is prepared with the help of End mill cutter on milling machine such that the bevel angle becomes 32 and 1 is left at the bottom of plate to make root face. The plates are kept at a distance 1-2 apart from each other to accoodate root opening as the plates are >6 thick. First of all auxiliary vibrations are to be provided during welding and to solve this purpose vibration table is made available. This vibration table will provide the auxiliary vibration during welding. Now, an arrangement to hold the S.S plates (S.S 202) is to make which will hold the work piece during Vibration welding. For this purpose M.S plate of slightly bigger dimension is welded on the top of the table as shown below. Fig: Edge Preparation There are different types of welds. Some of these welds have many variations and also weld types can be combined together. Groove weld is the second most popular weld type (first one is Fillet weld). It is defined as, a weld made in groove between two members to be joined. The groove weld is regarded as being in the joint. There are different groove weld design based on type of edge preparation, and they can be used as single or double welds. Fig: Vibration Table Now, two S.S plates each of dimension 100*100 are held as shown in figure with the help of C-clamps. The plates are kept 1-2 apart from each other so that the weld pool fills completely between the two plates during welding. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering 4
5 these 4 passes are made with conventional SMAW process (i.e without auxiliary vibrations). After each pass slag is removed with the help of chipping haer to ensure that there should not be any cavity in the weld pool. These plates after SMAW welding are marked N-1 and are shown in Fig. Fig: SS Plates Clamped On Vibration Table Now, Shielded Metal Arc Welding is to be carried out in order to make butt joint on SS plates. First of all vibration table is earthed in order to have SS plate conducting. A current of 200 amperes is supplied then arc is created by striking in between the plates. There are 4 numbers of passes to make the butt joint. 3 of these passes are main passes which are made under auxiliary vibrations and 1 is root pass. In the root pass the auxiliary vibrations are not provided. Then after the root pass is made, the auxiliary vibrations of 60 Hz and of amplitude 4 are provided with the help of vibration table to make the main pass. After each pass slag is removed with the help of chipping haer. This is done to ensure that there should not be any cavity in the weld pool. Then another pass is made. These plates after SMAW welding are marked V-1 and are shown in Fig. Fig: Welded Plates Marked V1 (With Auxiliary Vibrations) Now, take another set of S.S plates which are too welded under conventional SMAW process. These plates are clamped as clamped previously with the help of C-clamps on the vibration table. The butt joint is made with shielded metal arc welding. There are 4 numbers of passes to make the butt joint. Three of these passes are main passes and 1 is root pass. All Fig: Welded Plates Marked N1 (Without Auxiliary Vibrations) V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION To measure the mechanical properties that is considered vital to the satisfactory performance of the welded joint in service. These tests include tensile test, hardness test, impact test etc. Here tensile test are to be carried out to determine the ultimate tensile strength and yield point under static loading of base metal, weld metal and welded joint. Percentage elongation is also determined. For determining the tensile strength of weld metal alone or welded joint the samples are to be prepared from both the welded plates i.e. SMAW and vibratory SMAW. Different types of tensile test can be carried out to evaluate weldment like transverse butt weld test, transverse butt weld test with a notch test, longitudinal butt weld test. Here transverse butt weld test is done to determine the tensile strength of welded joint. This is the standard accepted test and is quite widely used. From the Tensile test of N-1 specimen: Gauge length=40 Final gauge length=44.22 Percentage elongation = Tensile strength = MPa From the Tensile test of V-1 specimen: = 10.55% Gauge length=40 Final gauge length=45.5 Percentage elongation = = 13.75% 40 Tensile strength= MPa International Journal of Mechanical Engineering 5
6 Comparison of Mechanical Properties S. N o. Table 2: Comparison Table of Mechanical Properties Mechanical N1 V1 Improvement Properties 1 Max. Force (Fm) 2 Displaceme nt at Fm 3 Max. Displaceme nt 4 Tensile strength (Rm) 5 Elongation (%) KN MPa % KN MPa % ( )/ = 3.64% ( )/16.9 =27.81% ( )/17.7=26.55 % ( )/ =4.28% ( )/10.55 =30.47 % [6] Miclosi, V.,et al., Research Regarding The Influence Of Axial Electromagnetic Pulsation Of Liquid Metal Bath Upon The Characteristics Of The Weld, Euromat 93, The Third European Conference on Advanced Materials and Processes, Vol. 1,(Proc. Conf.) Paris, France, [7] Qinghua, Lu, Improving Welded Valve Quality By Vibratory Weld Conditioning, Materials Science and Engineering, , 2007 [8] Govindarao, P., et al., Affect Of Vibratory Welding Process To Improve The Mechanical Properties Of Butt Welded Joints, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, 2/4, CONCLUSIONS Tensile strength of the material SS202 during vibration welding is 4.28% more as compared to the tensile strength of same material during SMAW. Elongation of the specimen is 30.47% more during vibration welding than SMAW. V1 specimen can bear 3.64% more force as compared to N1. During tensile test V1 is less displaced as compared to N1. Microstructure of weld metal of the material is not affected during both types of welding REFRENCES [1] PARMAR, R.S., Welding Engineering And Technology, Kalyani BO Press, , 2010 [2] Watanabe, T. and Nakamura, H., Solidification Control Of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metal By Electromagnetic Stirring, National Research Institute For Metals (Japan), 21/2 (1990), [3] IZDINSKA, Z., The Effect Of Ultrasonic Treatment Upon Fatigue Properties Of Welded Joints, Welding Research Institute (Bratislava), Zvaranic, 5/6 (1991), [4] Dvornak, M.J.,et al., Influence Of Solidification Kinetics On Aluminium Weld Grain Refinement, Welding Journal, 70/10, [5] Wei, B., Unidirectional Dendritic Solidification Under Longitudinal Resonant Vibration, Acta Metallurgica Materialia, 101, , 1992 International Journal of Mechanical Engineering 6
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF VIBRATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AISI 1018 MILD/LOW CARBON STEEL WELDED JOINT USING SMAW
IJME, Vol. 2, Issue 2 (July, 2015) e-issn: 1694-2302 p-issn: 1694-2418 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF VIBRATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AISI 1018 MILD/LOW CARBON STEEL WELDED JOINT USING
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET)
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET) ISSN 0976 6340 (Print) ISSN 0976 6359 (Online) Volume 4, Issue 4, July - August (2013), pp. 53-61 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijmet.asp Journal
More informationrelated to the welding of aluminium are due to its high thermal conductivity, high
Chapter 7 COMPARISON FSW WELD WITH TIG WELD 7.0 Introduction Aluminium welding still represents a critical operation due to its complexity and the high level of defect that can be produced in the joint.
More informationSTRENGTH IMPROVEMENT OF WELDED JOINT BY USING RANDOM VIBRATIONS
STRENGTH IMPROVEMENT OF WELDED JOINT BY USING RANDOM VIBRATIONS P. N. V Balasubramanyam 1, Uzwalkiran R. 1, M. N. V. R. L. Kumar 1 and M. Ramgopal 2 1 Mechanical Engineering Department, KL University,
More informationEFFECT OF FILLER ELECTRODES ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DISSIMILAR WELD SS 316L AND SDSS 2507
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-issn: 2395-56 Volume: 3 Issue: 7 July-26 www.irjet.net p-issn: 2395-72 EFFECT OF FILLER ELECTRODES ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL
More informationVARIOUS EFFECTS OF WELDING PARAMETERS ON TIG WELDING OF 2024-T3 CLAD ALUMINUM ALLOY PLATE
VARIOUS EFFECTS OF WELDING PARAMETERS ON TIG WELDING OF 2024-T3 CLAD ALUMINUM ALLOY PLATE M. RAJKIRAN M.Tech, Production Technology, Sree Vaanmayi Istitute of Engineering, E-mail:rajkiran.dme@gmail.com
More informationChapter 3 Shielded. Metal Arc Welding
Chapter 3 Shielded Metal Arc 1. SMAW Electrode 2 Filler metals for shielded metal arc welding are composed of a metal alloy core, covered by a flux coating. The core wire carries the current for welding
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET)
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET) ISSN 0976 6340 (Print) ISSN 0976 6359 (Online) Volume 5, Issue 1, January (2014), pp. 146-153 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijmet.asp Journal
More informationEFFECTS OF FILLER WIRE AND CURRENT ON THE JOINING CHARACTERISTICS OF Al Li Cu ALLOY USING TIG WELDING
EFFECTS OF FILLER WIRE AND CURRENT ON THE JOINING CHARACTERISTICS OF Al Li Cu ALLOY USING TIG WELDING A. Chennakesava Reddy Professor & Head Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNTU College of Engineering
More informationfamily of stainless steels can be divided into five (5) categories:
Welcome to the fifth issue of Tech Talk. This newsletter covers a range of topics on various welding products, applications, metallurgy, techniques, and economics. Previous issues are archived at www.unibraze.com.
More informationMICROSTRUCTURE AND WELDABILITY EVALUATION OF DISSIMAILAR METAL JOINT USING PASTE TECHNIQUE FOR BUTTERING LAYERS
MICROSTRUCTURE AND WELDABILITY EVALUATION OF DISSIMAILAR METAL JOINT USING PASTE TECHNIQUE FOR BUTTERING LAYERS Dinesh Rathod 1, Hariom Choudhary 2, Sunil Pandey 3 1. Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical
More information71T1 - Gas Shielded Flux Cored Welding Wire Provides excellent performance in all position welding. Weld Metal - Chemistry
Flux Cored Wire 71T1 - Gas Shielded Flux Cored Welding Wire Provides excellent performance in all position welding Description: Provides a stable arc, low spatter, easy to remove slag, and neat weld metal.
More informationAN OVERVIEW ON SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING (SMAW) OF STAINLESS STEEL (SS)
Suggested Spec. for SMAW-SS - 1 - AN OVERVIEW ON SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING (SMAW) OF STAINLESS STEEL (SS) Scope This document provides information on welding and related operations of stainless steel
More informationpdfmachine trial version
EFFECT OF WELDING TECHNIQUES (GTAW & SMAW) ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE & MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MILD STEEL SA 516 Gr. 70 By Dr. Muhammad Taqi Zahid Butt, S. Ahmed, S. Rasool, U. Ali and S. U. Rehman* ABSTRACT
More informationEFFECT OF GTAW WELDING PARAMETERS ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON STEEL ALLOYS BY STELLITE 6 FILLER
EFFECT OF GTAW WELDING PARAMETERS ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON STEEL ALLOYS BY STELLITE 6 FILLER Mahdi Karami Pour and *Mohamad Reza Salmani Department of Material Engineering,
More informationCHAPTER 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE WELDABILITY OF 3CR12
CHAPTER 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE WELDABILITY OF 3CR12 1. INTRODUCTION The main purpose of this first chapter is to outline three aspects of the weldability of a 12 percent chromium steel, 3CR12, on which
More informationEFFECT OF TRANSVERSE VIBRATIONS ON THE HARDNESS OF ALUMINUM 5052 H32 ALLOY WELDMENTS
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 10, Issue 02, February 2019, pp. 327 333, Article ID: IJMET_10_02_033 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=10&itype=02
More informationThe effect of Friction Stir Processing on the fatigue life of MIG-Laser hybrid welded joints as compared to conventional FSW 6082-T6 aluminium joints
Surface Effects and Contact Mechanics IX 183 The effect of Friction Stir Processing on the fatigue life of MIG-Laser hybrid welded joints as compared to conventional FSW 6082-T6 aluminium joints A. Els-Botes,
More informationTO STUDY THE EFFECT OF PROCESS PARAMETER ON FRACTROGRAPHY ON EN LOW ALLOY STEEL IN SMAW PROCESS
TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF PROCESS PARAMETER ON FRACTROGRAPHY ON EN-10213-2 LOW ALLOY STEEL IN SMAW PROCESS Sandeep Kumar Om Institute of Technology and Management, Hisar M Tech Scholars, Hisar, Haryana, India
More informationHot Tensile Testing of Dissimilar Welding of SA213TP-347H with SA213 T23
Hot Tensile Testing of Dissimilar Welding of SA213TP-347H with SA213 T23 O. K. Thirugnanasambandam 1, Dr. T. Senthil Kumar 2 1 PG Student, University College of Engineering (BIT Campus), Trichy, India
More informationEFFECT OF LONGITUDINAL WELD POOL OSCILLATION (LWPO) ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AA 6101 T6 ALUMINIUM ALLOY WELDS
International INTERNATIONAL Journal JOURNAL of Advanced OF Research ADVANCED in Engineering RESEARCH and Technology IN ENGINEERING (IJARET), ISSN 0976 6480(Print), ISSN AND 0976 TECHNOLOGY 6499(Online)
More informationExperimental Investigation of Various Welding Parameters on TIG Welding of Aluminium Alloy-2014
IJIRST International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology Volume 4 Issue 2 July 2017 ISSN (online): 2349-6010 Experimental Investigation of Various Welding Parameters on TIG Welding
More informationIntroduction to Welding Technology
Introduction to Welding Technology Welding is a fabrication process used to join materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, together. During welding, the pieces to be joined (the workpieces) are melted
More informationEffect of Pulse Parameters on Bead Geometry of Aluminium Alloy AA6063 using Pulse TIG Welding
Effect of Pulse Parameters on Bead Geometry of Aluminium Alloy AA6063 using Pulse TIG Welding Digraj 1, Kulwant Singh 2, Sumit Kumar 3 1, 2, 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, SLIET Longowal, Punjab,
More informationEXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ELECTRODE SELECTION EFFECTS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF UNDERWATER WET WELDED-JOINTS
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ELECTRODE SELECTION EFFECTS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF UNDERWATER WET WELDED-JOINTS Nur Syahroni 1, Imam Rochani 1 and Harfian Nizar 2 1 Faculty Staff in Department of Ocean Engineering,
More informationTitle: Rectification of 20/90 Dragline. B Prabhakar Rao Manager, Coal and Coke Oven(C-1), MECON Limited, Ranchi.
Title: Rectification of 20/90 Dragline By B Prabhakar Rao Manager, Coal and Coke Oven(C-1), MECON Limited, Ranchi. Dragline: Walking dragline 20/90 manufactured in collaboration with Russia is a powerful
More informationLecture 29 DESIGN OF WELDED JOINTS VII
Lecture 29 DESIGN OF WELDED JOINTS VII This chapter presents the influence of various welding related parameters on fatigue behavior of weld joints. Attempts have been made to explain how (residual stress,
More informationFundamentals of Joining
Fundamentals of Joining Chapter 30 30.1 Introduction to Consolidation Processes Consolidation Processes consist of Welding Brazing Soldering Fasteners Adhesives Shrink Fits Slots and Tabs Each Process
More informationTechnical Data & Welding Guidelines for Ferralium 255SD50 Super Duplex Stainless Steel
Technical Data & Welding Guidelines for Ferralium 255SD50 Super Duplex Stainless Steel Technical Data & Welding Guidelines FERRALIUM Alloy 255 Ferralium 255SD50 Super Duplex Stainless Steel General FERRALIUM
More informationGrain refinement methods
Grain refinement methods In this chapter, three grain refinement methods namely mechanical vibrations, electromagnetic forces, arc oscillation used for refining the structure of weld metal have been described.
More informationAustarc 12P. Austarc 13S GENERAL PURPOSE ELECTRODES - MILD STEEL GENERAL PURPOSE ELECTRODES - MILD STEEL 76 CONTENTS CLASSIFICATION: DESCRIPTION:
GENERAL PURPOSE S - MILD STEEL Austarc 12P AS/NZS 4855-B E43 13 A AWS A5.1: E6013 A popular, easy starting, smooth running, all positional mild steel general purpose electrode. Austarc 12P has the extra
More informationANALYSIS OF VIBRATORY WELDING TECHNIQUE AND TENSILE PROPERTIES INVESTIGATION OF MILD STEEL WELDED JOINT USING SMAW
ANALYSIS OF VIBRATORY WELDING TECHNIQUE AND TENSILE PROPERTIES INVESTIGATION OF MILD STEEL WELDED JOINT USING SMAW Ms. Priya Ghosh 1, Mr. Nitin Shukla 2 1 M.tech.Scholar (Production Engineering), 2 Assistant
More informationCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 ALUMINIUM ALLOYS Aluminium and its alloys offer an extremely wide range of capability and applicability, with a unique combination of advantages that make the material of choice
More informationWELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION. Shielded Metal Arc Welding-SMAW
WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION Shielded Metal Arc Welding-SMAW WPS Number: WPS-SMAW-CS Revision: 0 Company Name & Address ABC WELDING & FABRICATING 123 WeldProc Boulevard Toronto, ON A1B 2C3 CWB Approval
More informationThe Effect of Flux Core Arc Welding (FCAW) processes on different parameters
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 41 (12 ) 1497 1501 International Symposium on Robotics and Intelligent Sensors 12 (IRIS 12) The Effect of Flux Core Arc Welding (FCAW) processes
More informationLASER BEAM WELDING OF QUENCHED AND TEMPERED ASTM A 517 GR.B STEEL
LASER BEAM WELDING OF QUENCHED AND TEMPERED ASTM A 517 GR.B STEEL S. Missori*, G.Costanza*, E. Tata*, A. Sili** *University of Roma-Tor Vergata, ** University of Messina ABSTRACT Quenched and tempered
More informationExperimental Analysis on TIG welding process parameters of dissimilar metals SS304-SS202 using Taguchi Method
International Journal of Engineering and Manufacturing Science. ISSN 2249-3115 Volume 7, Number 2 (2017), pp. 249-258 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Experimental Analysis on TIG
More informationTHE EFFECTS OF WELDING PARAMETERS ON BUTT JOINTS USING ROBOTIC GAS METAL ARC WELDING
Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences (JMES) ISSN (Print): 2289-4659; e-issn: 2231-8380; Volume 6, pp. 988-994, June 2014 Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.6.2014.26.0096
More informationEffect of TIG Welding Parameters on the Properties of 304L Automated Girth Welded Pipes Using Orbital Welding Machine
Research Reviews: Journal of Material Science DOI: 10.4172/2321-6212.1000201 e-issn: 2321-6212 www.rroij.com Effect of TIG Welding Parameters on the Properties of 304L Automated Girth Welded Pipes Using
More informationTO STUDY THE EFFECT OF PROCESS PARAMETER ON GAS INTERRUPTION ON EN LOW ALLOY STEEL IN SMAW PROCESS
TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF PROCESS PARAMETER ON GAS INTERRUPTION ON EN-10213-2 LOW ALLOY STEEL IN SMAW PROCESS Sandeep Kumar Om Institute of Technology and Management,Hisar M Tech Scholars, Hisar, Haryana,
More informationMATERIAL CHARACTERISTIC STUDY OF COLD ROLLED GRADED THIN SHEET BY USING TIG WELDING PROCESS FOR RAIL COACHES
MATERIAL CHARACTERISTIC STUDY OF COLD ROLLED GRADED THIN SHEET BY USING TIG WELDING PROCESS FOR RAIL COACHES S. Ravikumar 1, J. Vishal 1, K. Vigram and A. N. Ganesh Babu 2 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering,
More informationINVESTIGATION ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SIMILAR, DISSIMILAR METAL WELD JOINTS BY GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING
INVESTIGATION ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SIMILAR, DISSIMILAR METAL WELD JOINTS BY GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING 1 D.DEVAKUMAR, 2 D. B JABARAJ, 3 V.K.BUPESH RAJA ¹Department of Mechanical
More informationTHEORY QUESTIONS [60% of paper for weld fatigue]
1. THEORY QUESTIONS [60% of paper for weld fatigue] Note, to obtain maximum points for each problem clearly motivate solutions and equations used. Because the students had digital versions of previous
More informationNITRONIC 19D LEAN DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL. Excellent Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance. Improved Welding Characteristics
NITRONIC 19D LEAN DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL P R O D U C T D ATA B U L L E T I N Excellent Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance High Strength Improved Welding Characteristics Resists Sigma Phase Formation
More informationStructural Steels and Their Weldability
Contents Structural Steels and Their Weldability Department of Civil Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Historical Review of Steels Iron and Steel Structural Steels Mechanical Properties Chemical
More informationThe designs, depending upon the methods used, may be classified as follows:
Definition Machine Design is the creation of new and better machines and improving the existing ones. A new or better machine is one which is more economical in the overall cost of production and operation.
More informationNITRONIC 19D LEAN DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL
Chemical Processing Desalination/Water Treatment Oil Field Undersea Tubing AK STEEL NITRONIC 19D STAINLESS STEEL is a molybdenum-free, low nickel lean duplex stainless steel. The combination of strength,
More information346. Vibratory stress relieving It s advantages as an alternative to thermal treatment
346. Vibratory stress relieving It s advantages as an alternative to thermal treatment A. Jurčius, A. V. Valiulis, V Kumšlytis Vilnius Gediminas technical university, J. Basanavičiaus 28, LT-10225 Vilnius,
More informationSandvik SAF 2205 (Billets)
Datasheet updated 2013 11 28 14:13:21 (supersedes all previous editions) Sandvik SAF 2205 (Billets) Sandvik SAF 2205 is a duplex (austenitic ferritic) stainless steel characterized by: High resistance
More informationEFFECT OF PROCESS PARAMETERS IN FRICTION STIR WELDING OF DISSIMILAR ALUMINIUM ALLOYS
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 9, Issue 12, December 2018, pp. 1078 1089, Article ID: IJMET_09_12_108 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=9&itype=12
More informationModule 4 Design for Assembly
Module 4 Design for Assembly Lecture 2 Design for Welding-I Instructional Objective By the end of this lecture, the student will learn: (a) how a weld joint should be designed to improve the joint performance,
More informationManufacturing Process - I Dr. D. K. Dwivedi Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee
Manufacturing Process - I Dr. D. K. Dwivedi Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Module - 3 Lecture - 14 Reaction in Weld Region & Welding Defects
More informationChapter 12. Flux Cored Arc Welding Equipment, Setup, and Operation Delmar, Cengage Learning
Chapter 12 Flux Cored Arc Welding Equipment, Setup, and Operation Objectives Explain the FCA welding process Describe what equipment is needed for FCA welding List the advantages of FCA welding, and explain
More informationImpact Toughness of Weldments in Al Mg Si Alloys
Materials Transactions, Vol. 43, No. 6 (2002) pp. 1381 to 1389 c 2002 The Japan Institute of Metals Impact Toughness of Weldments in Al Mg Si Alloys Victor Alexandru Mosneaga, Tohru Mizutani, Toshiro Kobayashi
More informationInvestigation of aging heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel weld metal
Computational Methods and Experiments in Material Characterisation II 63 Investigation of aging heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel weld metal
More informationRajiv Suman 1, Dr. P.C.Gope 2 1 Research Scholar, Department of mechanical Engineering, College of Technology. Pantnagar (GBPUAT) Uttarakhand,INDIA
Microstructure and Mechanical Property Changes during TIG elding of 31-2 (IS-737) Aluminium Alloy Rajiv Suman 1, Dr. P.C.Gope 2 1 Research Scholar, Department of mechanical Engineering, College of Technology.
More informationInvestigation of Diffusible Hydrogen Content and Microstructure Examination of Underwater Welding
AIJSTPME (2010) 3(3): 45-51 Investigation of Diffusible Hydrogen Content and Microstructure Examination of Underwater Welding Nakpradit T. Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
More informationEffect of Precipitation Hardening on Microstructural Characteristics of 15-5 Ph Steel
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-issn: 2278-067X, p-issn: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com Volume 9, Issue 1 (November 2013), PP. 22-26 Effect of Precipitation Hardening on Microstructural
More informationSolidification and Crystallisation 5. Formation of and control of granular structure
MME 345 Lecture 08 Solidification and Crystallisation 5. Formation of and control of granular structure Ref: [1] A. Ohno, The Solidification of Metals, Chijin Shokan Co. Ltd., 1976 [2] P. Beeley, Foundry
More informationComparative Study of FSW in Milling Setup with Tig Welding In Aluminum (He ) Alloy
Comparative Study of FSW in Milling Setup with Tig Welding In Aluminum (He9 63400) Alloy S Vignesh 1, S.S Vignesh 2 S Vijayaragavan 3 D Vignesh 4 UG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNN Institute
More informationABSTRACT. 1. Introduction
Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 2012, 11, 891-895 Published Online September 2012 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/jmmce) Correlation between Process Variables in Shielded
More informationInternational Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Modern Education (IJMRME) ISSN (Online): (
FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH STUDIES ON CORTEN STEEL T. Sunil Prasad* & Dr. R. Ramadoss** * PG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Easwari Engineering College, Ramapuram, Tamilnadu ** Professor, Department
More informationSANDVIK 3RE60 TUBE AND PIPE, SEAMLESS
SANDVIK 3RE60 TUBE AND PIPE, SEAMLESS DATASHEET Sandvik 3RE60 is a duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainless steel characterized by the following properties: High resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCC)
More informationHigh Temperature Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Studies in Stainless Steel 316L(N) Welds Processed by A-TIG and MP-TIG Welding.
High Temperature Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Studies in Stainless Steel 316L(N) Welds Processed by A-TIG and MP-TIG Welding. Manuel Thomas 1, Raghu V. Prakash 1*, Ganesh Sundara Raman S 3 and Vasudevan,
More informationNAME 345 Welding Technology Lecture 09 SAW, ESW & Resistance Welding
NAME 345 Welding Technology Lecture 09 Md. Habibur Rahman Lecturer Department of Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Submerged
More informationCHARACTERISTICS STUDIES OF STAINLESS STEEL (AISI TYPE 304L) WELDED BY ER310L FILLER USING TIG WELDING
Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 14(4), 2016, 2527-2534 ISSN 0972-768X www.sadgurupublications.com CHARACTERISTICS STUDIES OF STAINLESS STEEL (AISI TYPE 304L) WELDED BY ER310L FILLER USING TIG WELDING G. BRITTO JOSEPH
More informationJOINING THE DIFFERENT MATERIALS USING FRICTION WELDING A REVIEW
Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2015 S R Divagar and M Muthu Kumaran, 2015 Review Article ISSN 2278 0149 www.ijmerr.com Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2015 2015 IJMERR. All Rights Reserved JOINING THE DIFFERENT
More informationExperimental Study of Tensile Test in Resistance Spot Welding Process
1228 Experimental Study of Tensile Test in Resistance Spot Welding Process Abstract Resistance spot welding (RSW) is a widely used joining process for fabricating sheet metal assemblies in automobile industry.in
More informationLOW HEAT INPUT WELDING ALLOYS
ASTRALOY 662 CHARACTERISTICS: An all position AC/DC electrode for high strength, crack free joining of low/medium carbon, and medium tensile steels of various compositions. Low alloy medium carbon steels,
More informationNovel Technologies for Similar and Dissimilar Titanium Joints
Novel Technologies for Similar and Dissimilar Titanium Joints October 8, 2012 Michael Eff Project Engineer 614.688.5212 meff@ewi.org EWI. dedicated to Materials Joining and related process development
More informationEXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON TIG WELDING OF ALUMINIUM 6351 ALLOY
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON TIG WELDING OF ALUMINIUM 6351 ALLOY * Venkata Ramana M 1, Sriram P S N 2 and Jayanthi A 3 Department of Automobile Engineering, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering
More informationLecture 23. Chapter 30 Fusion Welding Processes. Introduction. Two pieces are joined together by the application of heat
Lecture 23 Chapter 30 Fusion Welding Processes Introduction Fusion welding Two pieces are joined together by the application of heat Melting and fusing the interface Filler metal Extra metal added (melted)
More informationEN
EN 10216 EN 10216-2 is a European standard suitable for seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes. Technical delivery conditions-part 2: Non-alloy and steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties.(include
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 718 INERTIA WELD AND ITS COMPARISON WITH EBW
Superalloys 718, 625, 76 and Derivatives 5 Edited by E.A. Loria TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society), 5 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 718 INERTIA WELD AND ITS COMPARISON WITH EBW P.V. Neminathan Project
More informationThese elements are in carbon steels in minimal amounts, usually less than 1%.
Alloy Steels Weld Tech News VOL 1. NO. 11 WELD TECH NEWS is a newsletter for welders working primarily in maintenance and repair. Each issue contains useful information on materials (cast irons, steels,
More informationLASER WELDING OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL THIN SHEETS
LASER WELDING OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL THIN SHEETS Elena Manuela STANCIU, Alexandru PASCU, Ionuţ Claudiu ROATĂ Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania Abstract. This paper presents investigations
More informationThe Effect of Arc Voltage and Welding Current on Mechanical and Microstructure Properties of 5083-Aluminium Alloy Joints used in Marine Applications
EP11 The Effect of Arc Voltage and Welding Current on Mechanical and Microstructure Properties of 5083-Aluminium Alloy Joints used in Marine Applications C.W. Mohd Noor 1, Khalid Samo 2, Nurazilla 3, M.
More informationANALYZING DEFECTS IN WELDMENTS USING METALLOGRAPHY EXAMINATION
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 1, Issue 2008, Jan Dec 2008, pp. 06 13 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=1&itype=2008
More informationStudy of Filler Wires Effect on Weld Characteristics of Aluminium Alloy (6351) during Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)
Study of Filler Wires Effect on Weld Characteristics of Aluminium Alloy (6351) during Gas Tungsten Arc Welding () 1 N. Ankitha, M. R. S. Rupa Sri, 3 13 Assistant Professor 13 CVRCE Abstract: Gas tungsten
More informationFriction Stir Welding on Dissimilar Metals Aluminum 6061 & Pure Copper
IJSRD National Conference on Recent Trends & Innovations in Mechanical Engineering April 2016 ISSN(online): 2321-0613 Friction Stir Welding on Dissimilar Metals Aluminum 6061 & Pure Copper Balram Yelamasetti
More informationSample Questions for Welding Engineering Examinations
Sample Questions for Welding Engineering Examinations AWS Welding Engineer Revision 2 August 2003 Part 1 Basic Fundamentals of Science Examination Mathematics 1. Determine the acute angle _ when tan 63
More informationDESIGN OF BACK PURGING APPARATUS FOR THE WELDING OF 304L AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL USING SMAW PROCESS
International Journal of Production Technology and Management (IJPTM) Volume 9, Issue 1, January-June, 2018, pp. 1 9, Article ID: IJPTM_09_01_001 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijptm/issues.asp?jtype=ijptm&vtype=9&itype=1
More informationCourse: WELDING AND FABRICATION. Qualification: 7 th Pass (or) Formal education who can read and write in telugu. Duration: 3 months
Course: WELDING AND FABRICATION Qualification: 7 th Pass (or) Formal education who can read and write in telugu Duration: 3 months Number of hours: 140 + 4 hours for evaluation Number of hours per week:
More informationLaser Machining Processes Laser heat processing divided into 3 regions Heating Melting Vaporization
Laser Machining Processes Laser heat processing divided into 3 regions Heating Melting Vaporization Laser Surface Treatment Annealing or Transformation Hardening Surface hardness Surface Melting Homogenization,
More informationEXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION EFFECT ON SAW USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM)
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION EFFECT ON SAW USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM) Hinal B. Thakker1 1 Mechanical Department, AIT Abstract Submerged arc welding is preferable more its inherent qualities
More informationWelding Engineering Dr. D. K. Dwivedi Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee
Welding Engineering Dr. D. K. Dwivedi Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Module - 1 Introduction Lecture - 2 Classification of Welding Processes -
More informationINFLUENCE OF THE FILLER METAL IN WELDED POINTS OF DUPLEX STAINLESS STEELS
INFLUENCE OF THE FILLER METAL IN WELDED POINTS OF DUPLEX STAINLESS STEELS Edmundo Roldan C., Eng CIATEQ A. C. Campus Querétaro. Querétaro, Qro Juan Hernandez A., PhD Eleazar Salinas R. PhD Eduardo Cerecedo
More informationProblem Steels 1. Welding Consumables Problem Steels. Section 12 - Welding Consumables. 12 Problem Steels. Welding of Problem Steels 2
Problem Steels 1 Afrox Product Reference Manual Problem Steels Section - Problem Steels 1 Welding of Problem Steels 2 Problem Steels Electrodes 3 Problem Steels MIG & TIG Wires 7 Problem Steels Flux Cored
More informationThe Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Flux-Cored Wires (FCW)
63 rd Annual Assembly & International Conference of the International Institute of Welding 11-17 July 2010, Istanbul, Turkey AWST-10/100 The Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Flux-Cored
More informationFriction Welding of AISI 304 and AISI 1021 Dissimilar Steels at 1600RPM
Friction Welding of AISI 304 and AISI 1021 Dissimilar Steels at 1600RPM Amit Handa 1 and Vikas Chawla 2 1 Ph.D Research Scholar, Punjab Technical University, Jallandhar, Punjab, India 2 Director-Principal,
More informationMICROFUSION Maintenance Welding Alloys DM - 6
MICROFUSION STEEL DM - 6 FERRITE BALANCED ALLOY FOR ALL STEELS GIVING SUPER STRENGTH Provides exceptional strength A non-cracking alloy for all steels Special "Ionized Arc Transfer drastically reduces
More informationDIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING FABRICATION AND WELDING TECHNOLOGY PRE-ATTENDANCE REVISION WORKBOOK FOR UNIT 213
2850 DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING FABRICATION AND WELDING TECHNOLOGY PRE-ATTENDANCE REVISION WORKBOOK FOR UNIT 213 V1 Welcome This booklet is designed to outline the areas that you will study when you complete
More informationStainless Steel 310/310S (UNS S31000/ UNS S31008)
Stainless Steel 310/310S (UNS S31000/ UNS S31008) Austenitic Stainless Steel 310/310S offers excellent resistance to oxidation up to 2000oF. It is a low grade steel that prevents embrittlement and sensitization.
More informationResearch Article Efficiency of Butt-Welded Joints of Low-Carbon Steel for Different Types of the Cooling Rate and Annealing Time
Cronicon OPEN ACCESS Mustafa A Rijab 1, Ali I Al-Mosawi 2 *, Muhannad A Al-Najar 1 1 Department of Mechanics, Technical Institute of Baquba, Iraq 2 Free Consultation, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq CHEMISTRY Research
More informationMLX 17 X1CrNiMoAlTi
A very High Strength Stainless Steel CONTINUOUS METALLURGICAL SPECIAL STEELS INNOVATION RESEARCH SERVICE DEVELOPMENT Enhancing your performance THE INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT The use of Precipitation Hardening
More informationIntroduction. Online course on Analysis and Modelling of Welding. G. Phanikumar Dept. of MME, IIT Madras
Introduction Online course on Analysis and Modelling of Welding G. Phanikumar Dept. of MME, IIT Madras Classification of Manufacturing Processes Manufacturing Processes Ingot Casting Shape Casting Power
More informationImpact of heat treatment on microstructure of steel 30X padded with wire G18 8Mn
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering Impact of heat treatment on microstructure of steel 30X padded with wire G18 8Mn To cite this article: Mirosaw omozik and Janusz Adamiec 2012 IOP
More informationCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Resistance Spot Welding Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) is an important welding process, used commonly in automobile and railcar manufacturing industries [30] [70]. It is less
More informationInfluence of Post Weld Heat Treatment on the HAZ of Low Alloy Steel Weldments
Influence of Post Weld Heat Treatment on the HAZ of Low Alloy Steel Weldments S. Rasool Mohideen* and A.M. Ahmad Zaidi Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UTHM *Corresponding email: rasool
More information