Synergistic Nuclear Fuel Cycles of the Future
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- Ashley Boone
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1 Synergistic Nucear Fue Cyces of the Future by D.A. Meneey, A.R Dastur, P.J. Fehrenbach ATOMIC ENERGY OF CANADA LIMITED and K.H. Tabot ONTARIO HYDRO Presented at Goba 95, Versaies, France September 10-14, 1995 Goba 95 Page 1 of xx
2 Objectives of this Study Discuss ong-term future fue cyce options Give guidance to short-term deveopment Examine the roe of the CANDU PHWR Provide framework for CANDU deveopment Goba 95 Page 2 of xx
3 Word Nucear Fue Inventory Large absoute fue suppies - uranium and thorium Limited economic suppy at today s utiization eve Higher fue utiization greaty increases economic suppy Power reactor types chosen today may determine future utiization options Goba 95 Page 3 of xx
4 AFFORDABLE RESERVES OF NUCLEAR FUEL URANIUM PRICE URANIUM RESERVE Goba 95 Page 4 of xx
5 The Case for High-Conversion Therma Reactors They are in commercia use today - CANDU-PHWR Synergistic cyces can utiize RepU and Pu in LWR spent fue They adapt easiy to burning ex-weapon materias Th-U and Th-Pu cyces for new ong-term fue resource They are efficient minor actinide burners Bred putonium from LMR can be used efficienty Goba 95 Page 5 of xx
6 Deveopment Needed for CANDU Advanced Fues Proof-testing of RU and MOX fue in a power reactor Piot- and fu-scae testing of DUPIC dry reprocessing Deveopment of neutra-matrix carrier fue Proof testing of Th-U and Th-Pu fues in a power reactor Goba 95 Page 6 of xx
7 Power-Reactor Proof Testing in CANDU Begins with carrier bundes containing test eements Seected channes are oaded with one or more bundes Power of test fue is increased progressivey Number of bundes of test fue in core are increased Fu oading of test fue - conversion compete Process is fuy reversibe at any stage Goba 95 Page 7 of xx
8 LWR-CANDU Synergistic Fue Cyces Conventiona LWR Poo Storage SF Conventiona Reprocessing RU, DU, or NU PU RU MOX Fabrication MOX CANDU (TANDEM) CANDU (RU) SF CANDU Poo Storage CANDU Poo Storage Waste Disposa Uranium Fabrication UO 2 SF DUPIC LWR Poo Storage SF Decontamination & Co-conversion DU or NU MOX CANDU (DUPIC) SF CANDU Poo Storage PU + RU MOX Fabrication Waste Disposa Goba 95 Page 8 of xx
9 Fue Cyce Characteristics of LWR and CANDU Specific Natura Uranium Usage Mg/GWy(e) Specific Fue Disposa Mass Mg/GWy(e) Enriched Uranium in LWR LWR-putonium recyced in LWR LWR-Pu + re-enriched LWR-U recyced in LWR Natura Uranium in CANDU Sighty-enriched U in CANDU (1.2 w/o U235) Goba 95 Page 9 of xx
10 LWR-CANDU Synergistic Fue Cyce Characteristics Specific Natura Uranium Usage Specific Fue Disposa Mass LWR-Pu recyced in LWR, Mg/GWy(e) Mg/GWy(e) recovered LWR-U in CANDU Re-cad LWR spent fue recyced in CANDU (DUPIC) LWR-Pu and LWR-U recyced in CANDU Re-cad LWR spent fue recyced in CANDU/Th-U233 converter Transuranics from LWR spent fue annihiated in CANDU Goba 95 Page 10 of xx
11 Energy From LWR-CANDU Synergistic Fue Cyces (Assuming 35 MWd/kg burnup in LWR Stage) MWd/kg of LWR Fue - Tota Percent Increase over LWR Cyce LWR-Pu recyced in LWR, recovered LWR-U in CANDU Re-cad LWR spent fue recyced in CANDU LWR-Pu and LWR-U recyced in CANDU Re-cad LWR spent fue recyced in CANDU/Th-U233 converter Transuranics from LWR spent fue annihiated in CANDU 37 5 Goba 95 Page 11 of xx
12 Burning FBR Putonium in CANDU (Once Through) Specific Putonium Requirement Mg/GWy(e) Specific Fue Disposa Mass Mg/GWy(e) Uranium/Putonium MOX in CANDU Thorium/Putonium MOX in CANDU Uranium/Putonium MOX in LWR Goba 95 Page 12 of xx
13 BRUCE ENERGY CENTRE TODAY Goba 95 Page 13 of xx
14 Possibe Deveopment of Bruce Energy Centre Vertica Deveopment -- Eectricity Production, Fue Systems Fue dry storage systems Additiona CANDU generation capacity Long-term: LMR with pyro-processing of fue Horizonta Deveopment - Toward a Sustainabe System Steam for acoho prod n, farm feed processing, greenhouse Eectroytic hydrogen, methano synthesis Other agro-industria uses for eectricity and steam Goba 95 Page 14 of xx
15 Long-Term Fue Suppy Strategies New Reproc Tech U Fue Shortage? LWR Future viabiity depends on LMR ~1:1 LMR:LWR DUPIC RU Ac Burning CANDU CANDU/LWR CANDU-Th LMR ~1:9 LMR:CANDU CANDU/LM R Severa fue suppy sources avaiabe - e.g. spent. LWR fue, processing pant, Thorium recyce, LMR, Goba 95 Page 15 of xx
16 SUMMARY There is no hurry -- economics wi decide the time of introduction Current technoogy is sufficient for good fue utiization Combination of high-gain breeder and high-conversion therma reactor gives exceent fue utiization in the ong term Thorium once-through cyces in CANDU utiize present fue resources and provide fue egacy for the ong term CANDU is a good actinide burner (for ong-term waste management) Goba 95 Page 16 of xx
17 Today s Products CANDU 3, CANDU 6, and CANDU 9 C3 C6 C9 Goba 95 Page 19 of xx
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