Recent Results and Perspectives of Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics. Shunji NISHIMURA RIKEN Nishina Center
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1 Recent Results and Perspectives of Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics Shunji NISHIMURA RIKEN Nishina Center
2 EURICA Spectrometer at RIBF Cluster Ge-detectors (gamma-ray) Beta-counting system inside EURICA EURICA gamma-ray WAS3ABi:beta-ray detection Identification of RI 238 U Beam RI Beam Production Target Separation of RI
3 Origin of Elements Heavier than Fe J.J.Cowan C.Sneden, Nature 440 (2006) r-process conditions: Y e, S, τ, EOS, Supernovae explosion? Atomic number (Z) Nuclear Struture - Neutron Magic (N=50, 82, 126), Deformation, Quenching Neutron star merger? Mass number (A) - Mass r-proces path (n,γ) (γ,n) - Half-lives process speed à abundance & shape - Delayed neutron emission freeze-out path, odd-even - Fission recycling à Nuclear properties play important role in r-process nucleosynthesis S. Wanajo
4 235 U Harvesting the Decay Properties of Exotic Nuclei 232 Th Z (number of protons) ~ 470 Exotic Isotopes Decay Spectroscopy at RIBF 48 Ni 78 Kr-beam (2015) 124 Xe-beam (2013) 124 Xe-beam (2012,2013) drip-line 100 Sn N=50 78 Ni 238 U-beam (2012,2013) F. Recchia/K. Wimmer 132 Sn N (number of neutrons) 238 N=82 U-beam (2012,2013) - A.Estrade R-Process Path Beta-decay half-lives (Published) Surveyed ( ) 238 U-beam (2013,2014) (sec) N=126
5 2011 EURICA Programs ( ) From GSI to RIKEN & Construction MT (S.Nishimura/P.Doornenbal) RIBF-85 (P.Boutachkov) RIBF-10 (S.Nishimura), RIBF-90 (M.Niikura) ~78Ni RIBF-60/62 (H.Watanabe, G.Lorusso) ~ 128Pd RIBF-85 (G.Simpson/A.Jungclaus) ~ 136,138Sn RIBF-87 (A.Odahara/C.B.Moon/R.Lozeva) A~140 RIBF-26 (T.Sumikama) ~ 110Zr RIBF-85 (E.Ideguchi/G.Simpson) Z ~ 60 RIBF-80 (G. Benzoni) N=40-50 RIBF-97 (G.Lorusso) RIBF-10 (M.Lewitowicz/R.Kruecken/R.Gernhäuser/S/Nishimura) 100Sn About ~100 days of Beam Time 230 Collaborators 19 countries RIBF-88 (H.Watanabe/P-A Söderström/P.Regan/P.Walker) ~170Dy 2015 RIBF-04 (B.Blank) 59Ge ~ 67Kr RIBF-82 (B.Rubio/Y.Fujita/W.Gelletly) ~ 70Kr RIBF-93 (A.Algora/F/Recchia/G.deAngelis/B.Rubio)... ~72Kr 2016 RIBF-106 (A.Estrade) N~56 RIBF-140 (F.Recchia/K.Wimmer)... N~40 Dismantled! Back to GSI
6 2011 From GSI to RIKEN & Construction MT (S.Nishimura/P.Doornenbal) EURICA: Publications RIBF-85 (P.Boutachkov) RIBF-10 (S.Nishimura), RIBF-90 (M.Niikura) ~78Ni RIBF-60/62 (H.Watanabe, G.Lorusso) ~ 128Pd RIBF-85 (G.Simpson/A.Jungclaus) ~ 136,138Sn RIBF-87 (A.Odahara/C.B.Moon/R.Lozeva) A~140 RIBF-26 (T.Sumikama) ~ 110Zr RIBF-85 (E.Ideguchi/G.Simpson) Z ~ 60 RIBF-80 (G. Benzoni) N=40-50 RIBF-97 (G.Lorusso) RIBF-10 (M.Lewitowicz/R.Kruecken/R.Gernhäuser/S/Nishimura) 100Sn RIBF-88 (H.Watanabe/P-A Söderström/P.Regan/P.Walker) ~170Dy RIBF-04 (B.Blank) 59Ge ~ 67Kr RIBF-82 (B.Rubio/Y.Fujita/W.Gelletly) ~ 70Kr RIBF-93 (A.Algora/F/Recchia/G.deAngelis/B.Rubio)... ~72Kr RIBF-106 (A.Estrade) N~56 RIBF-140 (F.Recchia/K.Wimmer)... N~40 T. Goigoux et al. PRL 117 (2016) isomer βγ T 1/2 γt 1/2 Pn p-decay EC new RI P.-A.Soederstroem et al. PRC88 (2013) H.Watanabe et al. PRL 113 (2013) Z.Y.Xu PRL 113 (2014) H.Watanabe PRL 113 (2014) J. Taprogge et al. PRL 113 (2014) G.Simpson et al. PRL 113 (2014) J. Taprogge et al. PLB 738 (2014) Z. Patel et al. PRL 113 (2014) P.-A.Soederstroem et al. PRC 92 (2015) G. Lorusso et al. PRL114 (2015) J. Taprogge et al. PRC91 (2015) R. Lozeva et al. PRC 92 (2015) P. Lee et al. PRC 92 (2015) F. Browne et al. PLB750 (2015) G.Benzoni et al. PLB 751 (2015) A.Jungclaus et al. PRC 93 (2016) A.Jungclaus et al. PRC 94 (2016) R. Lozeva et al. PRC 93 (2016) Z. Patel et al. PLB 753 (2016) A.I. Morales et al. PRC 93 (2016) I. Celikovic et al. PRL 116 (2016) H. Watanabe et al. PLB641 (2016) B. Blank et al. PRC 93 (2016)
7 Nuclear Properties Neutron star merger? A lots of nuclear properties for very neutron-rich nuclei are required!
8 Decay Spectroscopy around A = 100 ~ 145 Two EURICA data sets: G.Simpson/A.Jungclaus & H.Watanabe/G.Lorusso A.Jungclaus, PRL99, (2007) No evidence for shell quenching U-beam: 8 10 pna ~ Two weeks 130 Cd 126 Pd 128 Pd H. Watanabe et al., PRL111 (2013) 126 Pd (N=80) 128 Pd (N=82) à No evidence for shell-quenching in 128 Pd.
9 Identification of milisecond isomeric states via detection of conversion electrons 129 Cd J.Taprogge, A.Jungclaus et al. Phys. Lett. B 738 (2014) Pd H.Watanabe et al. Phys. Rev. Lett (2014)
10 Decay Spectroscopy around A = 100 ~ 145 Urban, EPJ A 20, 381 (2004) T.Sumikama, PRL106 To be confirmed by γ-γ coin. 116 Ru 118 Ru? 116 Tc 118 Tc P.-A. Söderström, et al. Phys. Rev. C 88, (2013)
11 Decay Spectroscopy around A = 100 ~ 145 G. Simpson, G.Gey, A.Jungclaus.. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, (2014) 136 Sn 138 Sn 136 Sn Very short T 1/2! 138 Sn 134 Sn 136 Sn 138 Sn
12 Results Related to Nuclear Structure First Excited State: E(2+) Z.Patel et al. PRL 113, (2014) 166 Gd P. Lee et al., PRC 92, (2015) 164 Sm G. Benzoni, PLB 751, 107 (2015) J. Taprogge et al, PRL 112, (2014) J. Taprogge et al, PRC 91, (2015) R. Lozeva et al., PRC 92, (2015) F. Browne et al., PLB 750, 448 (2015) P.-A. Soderstrom, PRC 92, (2015) R. Lozeva et al. PRC 93, (2016) A.I. Morales et al. PRC 93, (2016) A. Jungclaus et al., PRC 93, (R) (2016) I. Celikovic et al. PRL 116, (2016) B. Blank et al. PRC 93, (2016)
13 EURICA: Half-life measurement EURICA: Harvesting the decay properties of exotic nuclei (2012 ~ 2016) - Decay experiments in 2009, st Peak (N=50), 2 nd Peak (N=82) T 1/2 : 38 (18) + 20 (5) (40) + 3 (3) è 171 T 1/2 (66 new half-lives!) - Decay experiments in 2013, 2014 Rare Earth Peak ( A = 140 ~ 170 ) T 1/2 : 92 (57) + 26 (13) è 118 T 1/2 (70 new half-lives!) Impact on 2 nd r-process peak and rare-earth elements!?
14 β-decay half-lives on r-process path 130 Cd 110 half-lives (40 new T 1/2 ) G. Lorusso
15 Beta-decay half-lives of Cd isotopes (RIBF) G. Lorusso Cd isotopes RIBF Reference Large discrepancy! Cd T 1/2 =162ms B.Pfeiffer et al. (2001) 130 Cd Significant impact to SM calc. & r-process simulation! R. Dunlop et al., PRC 93, (2016) 130 Cd T 1/2 = 126 (4) ms (TRIUMF)
16 Beta-decay Half-lives N = 82 à Feedback to the Theory K.Langanke Phys. Scr. T152 (2013) (Courtesy of G. Martines-Pinedo) 130 Cd 127 Rh 128 Pd 129 Ag Cd T 1/2 =162ms B.Pfeiffer et al. (2001) 126 Ru 125 Tc RIBF EURICA So call r-process waiting point nuclei (N=82) - r-process path - residual r-matter flow in freeze-out Shell model ß ~ 25% shorter T 1/2 Confirmed by R. Dunlop (2016, TRIUMF) 130 Cd T 1/2 = 126 (4) ms
17 110 Half-lives of Very Neutron-Rich Rb to Sn 40 new half-lives! G.Lorusso et al., PRL 114, (2015) 18 new half-lives! SN PRL 106, (2011)
18 r-process Abundance with New T 1/2 (RIBF) G.Lorusso et al., (2015) Before After new RIBF data r-process Abundance 1 st Peak Dip problem! 2 nd Peak 128 Te 130 Xe Rare earth elem. 3 rd Peak 195 Pt 232 Th 238 U 235 U Mass A Assumption: (n, γ) (γ, n) equilibrium.
19 Universality of r-process Elements (Z>56) Decay Spectroscopy around mass A =160 was performed!
20 Half-lives Heavier region (Z>50) EURICA Exp. (2014) EURICA Exp. (2013) EURICA Exp. (2013)
21 Rare-Earth Peak Formation at Freeze-Out Time R.Surman s talk mass sensitivity
22 Up to Now Neutron Shell N=82 Decay spectroscopy project has been started at RIBF. Survey of decay properties using EURICA & WAS3ABi detectors 38 Half-lives (18 new half-lives) : 100 Kr, Sr, Y, Zr, 111,112 Nb, Mo, Tc.. S. Nishimura (2011) 20 Half-lives (5 new half-lives) : Co, Ni, Cu, Zn... Z.Y. Xu (2014) 110 Half-lives (40 new half-lives) : Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn G. Lorusso (2015) 92 Half-lives (57 new half-lives!) : Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho... J. Wu submitted to PRL 26 Half-lives (13 new half-lives): Sb, Te, I, Xe H.S. Jung (in preparation) r-process : Still very challenging topics! The 2 nd Peak (A 130) Consistent results for Universality of r-process elements (Z > 56) Rare-earth-element (A 160) : First experimental investigation the rare-earth peak! In total.. T 1/2 = 286 (133 New) half-lives Too much 168 Er (Erbium).
23 Future Perspective
24 Coming five years and r-process: 1 st, 2 nd, rare-earth peaks βγn Spectroscopy (EURICA/BRIKEN/CAITEN) ( Production of heavy isotopes & PID issue ) Competition with FRIB, FAIR Design of new spectrometer toward N = 126 & beyond quasi-fission of U+U (Cm) (3 rd peak, Fission) r-process dynamics (NS merger vs SN), inside of NS (mass vs radius) Heavy-ion collisions (EOS) Collective flow, high density matter βγp 実験 rp-process Study of rp-process in γ-ray burst proton capture process and mass measurement
25 Nucleosynthesis r-process SN Explosion NS-NS merger Explosive Conditions rp-process X/gamma-ray burst Neutron Star EoS Gravitational Wave NS-NS merger High Density Matter neutron star NS-NS, NS-BH, BH-BH
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