This presentation provides: An overview of the 2013 version of Green Globes plus Compliance details on the lighting related provisions this sustainability standard 1
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This is an AIA Continuing Education System accredited presentation for Health Safety and Welfare. If you are an AIA member, please sign in and be sure to leave your AIA number with us. All other attendees will receive a CEU certificate for their participation. 3
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The Green Globes system is a building environmental design and management tool. It delivers an online assessment protocol, rating system and guidance for green building design, operation and management. It claims to be interactive, flexible and affordable, and provide market recognition of a building s environmental attributes through third party verification. You see here the different assessment tools available thru Green Globes; we will be covering the first one today. Specifically we will cover the US version of green Globes for New Construction. 6
Green Globes is a green building guidance and assessment program that offers a way to advance the environmental performance and sustainability of a wide variety of building types. Suitable for new construction and major renovation building projects, the Green Globes NC program includes the tools shown here. 7
Green Globes for New Construction utilizes weighted criteria in its assessment protocol, comprehensively assessing building environmental impacts on a 1,000 point scale in the seven categories shown here. Each of these categories has an assigned number of points that quantify overall building performance including a comprehensive approach to Energy Performance, and a practical and objective method for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). 8
Eligible buildings must: Score a minimum 35% of the total applicable points through preliminary self evaluation. Have no more than 18 months of occupancy at the time assessment is ordered. Be at least 400 gross square feet in size. 9
A third party assessment is required for a Green Globes rating and certification. After meeting the eligibility requirements listed above, new construction and major renovation buildings may seek a Green Globes certification and rating for their environmental sustainability and achievements. Third party assessors with expertise in green building design, engineering, construction and facility operations interface with project teams and building owners during the assessment process by reviewing documentation and conducting on site building tours. Buildings that successfully complete a third party assessment are assigned a rating of one to four Green Globes, which is reflected in a certificate or optional plaque issued by the GBI. 10
The steps in this process include: 1. Client completes the online evaluation score > 35% to move forward 2. Stage 1 third party assessment design review includes evaluation report and recommendations 3. Client updates the online questionnaire to reflect design changes, if needed 4. Stage 2 third party assessment onsite meetings and building tour 5. Post Assessment client delivers missing documentation, assessor prepares report with recommendations, GBI issues final report, client reviews findings 6. Certification and public recognition of the achievement 11
Here we have the timeline typically associated with the assessment & certification phases of a Green Globes construction project. This timeline totals at between 4 and 7 months NOT including design and construction time. This timings are of course estimates. 12
The information on the following slides is from the Technical Reference Manual on Green Globes for New Construction, version 1.1, published July 18, 2013 The criteria discussed here have varying levels of influence on the final score of the project. 13
The environmental assessment areas included here will be: Project Management Site Energy, and Indoor environment 14
Lighting is involved in two provisions of project management: The Integrated Design Process, and Commissioning 15
Ensuring that all goals are established at the beginning of the design process and that all team members are actively involved throughout the entirety of the project is a key factor to designing a sustainable building that meets the client s needs. It is imperative that project team members know the basic goals and aspirations for the project and who will be responsible for ensuring that each criterion is fulfilled. For 3 points, this provision requires that at least 5 of the key disciplines listed above be involved in the IDP, the Integrated Design Process. We see that a lighting designer or illuminating engineer is one of these. 16
During the design phase, the commissioning agent should review the OPR, design documents and any Basis of Design (BOD) documents assembled by the design team. The design document reviews focus on the big picture, focusing on operability, accessibility, maintainability, efficiency, coordination between systems and controls. Approximately one third of commissioning field problems can be traced back to design, so this process is key. At this time, the commissioning agent should also help prepare commissioning related specifications for the design team, develop pre functional checklists and functional performance tests for all equipment to be commissioned, and finalize the Commissioning Plan. The commissioning agent will also develop training and systems manual requirements. Points here are awarded based on which systems are included in the commissioning. We see that the lighting systems and their controls are one of these systems. 17
Lighting is involved in two provisions of site: Mitigating and ecological impacts, and Minimizing the exterior light pollution 18
While lighting is not specifically mentioned in the criteria above, this assessment guidance shows what role lighting can play in this issue. The area of glazing on a façade is the strongest predictor of threat to birds, with lighting also playing a crucial role. To make any building bird friendly some design considerations need to be taken into account: Ensure exposed façade material, especially above 40 feet, is specified to deter bird collisions. Materials should not be highly reflective or mostly transparent. Outside lighting is shielded and directed to minimize attracting nocturnal migrating birds. Interior lighting is turned off at night or windows are shaded to prevent light trespass that can attract nocturnal migrating birds. Do not create transparent/ fully glazed passageways or corridors that allow an unobstructed view from one side to the other. Ensure that atriums and courtyards are designed in ways that do not allow birds to become trapped within. 19
Green Globes provides two paths for assessing exterior light pollution: Path A: Lighting Design Performance 7 points Path B: Prescriptive Lighting Requirements 7 points Points cannot be combined between paths. 20
The IDA/IES Model Lighting Ordinance (MLO) was created to reduce light pollution and glare and lower excessive light site levels. The MLO uses lighting zone (designated LZ0 to LZ4) which allows the AHJ to vary the stringency of lighting restrictions according to the sensitivity of the area as well as accommodating community intent. The MLO requirements are then broken down into a prescriptive path and a performance path for non residential lighting. The prescriptive path sets limits on total site lumens (Table A and Table B), specifies the ratings and installation requirements for all luminaires (Table C), and specifies light shielding. The performance path to compliance specifies that the total installed luminaire lumens of all lighting systems on the site shall not exceed the allowed total initial site lumens per Tables D and E of the MLO. This method also requires that luminaires need to be rated using one of two options; the design complies if the total lumens on the inside surface of the virtual enclosure are less than 15% of the total site lumen limit and the maximum vertical illuminance on any vertical surface is less than the allowed maximum illuminance per Table F in the MLO. For residential lighting, all outdoor luminaires shall be fully shielded and shall not exceed the allowed lumen output in Table G, row 2 of the MLO. Also, landscape lighting shall comply with Table G and shall not be aimed onto adjacent properties. Existing buildings that are not modifying the exterior lighting design shall comply with Part 21
VII of the MLO. During Stage I or 2 review, the lighting designer shall provide a narrative that will describe which lighting zone the property falls under, the path taken for compliance to the MLO, and cut sheets and calculations showing compliance to each applicable section. 21
This path has 5 criteria, totaling 7 points if all are complied with: During Stage I or 2 review, the lighting designer shall provide a narrative that will describe which lighting zone the property falls under and calculations showing compliance to Table A and Table Bof the MLO; this is worth 1.5 points. During Stage I or 2 review, the lighting designer shall provide a narrative that will describe which lighting zone the property falls under and cut sheets for all luminaires showing compliance to Table C 1, C 2 and C 3. IESNA defines full cutoff fixtures as those with zero candelas measured at or above 90 above nadir and the candelas measured above 80 above nadir is limited to 10% of the lamp lumens. Designers should look for Dark Sky Compliant fixtures with product submittal sheets that specifically list full cutoff or fully shielded. By ensuring all exterior lights comply with these requirements, glare and skyglow can be mitigated. 22
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Green Globes provides four paths for assessing energy performance: Path A: ENERGY STAR TargetFinder 100 points Path B: ASHRAE 90.1 2010, Appendix G 100 points Path C: ANSI/GBI 01 2010 Energy Performance Building Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO2e) Emissions 100 points, plus 50 bonus points Path D: ASHRAE Building Energy Quotient (beq) 100 points, plus 25 bonus points Depending on the path selected, lighting may have certain mandatory requirements and, for all paths, lighting is a significant contributor to the overall energy efficiency of the building. 24
During the Stage I review, the Assessor will review the mechanical and electrical plans. These plans should clearly show what major end uses will be sub metered. Lighting and its controls are worth ahalf a point. 25
The Energy Metering Reporting Plan should contain measurement, verification, and metering information for a variety of building systems including lighting and lighting controls. In setting up the Energy Metering Reporting Plan, the anticipated energy demand and consumption values for each of the end uses should be extracted from the energy model created for 3.3.1 Energy Performance. From there, the building automation system or other automated building control system should be set up to continually track and report energy usage broken down by major end use. Specialty or process electrical equipment should not be confused or combined with the plug loads end use. Specialty/process electrical equipment refers to hardwired specialty equipment, like MRI machines in Hospitals, or vertical transportation in commercial buildings. Plug loads should only consist of items that are not electrically hard wired but must be physically plugged in to an electrical outlet. 26
Being <= to the allowed LPD, using either the Building Area Method or the Space by Space Method is worth 10 points. The values in the tables are adapted from ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 2007 but have been modified to be more stringent. Since the table of maximum LPD values are based on the ASHRAE 90.1 2007 criteria, any such allowances and exceptions found in this standard shall be allowed for compliance with this criterion (e.g. decorative lighting in sales areas). LPD calculations and results shall be provided to the Assessor for Stage I review. 27
Time scheduling controls can be provided via a centralized system or via a digital fullyaddressable system. Centralized controls can be used to automatically turn on, turn off, and/or dim lighting at specific times. Centralized control strategies can also integrate lighting controls with other building systems such as mechanical or security systems. A digital fully addressable lighting control system can speak to an individual ballast or groups of ballasts. These systems are local, or integral, to the luminaire itself and are not housed in a central cabinet. The "control wiring" is independent of the "power wiring" and generally provides the highest degree of flexibility. When space configuration or occupant needs change, the system can respond by reassigning the ballasts accordingly. They can integrate with building automation or energy management system. For Stage I review, the project manager can submit the electrical engineer s lighting plans as long as there is sufficient controls information listed or noted on the plan. In lieu of controls information on the drawings, a separate lighting controls plan should be created that outlines different lighting controls zones and the control strategy used in each. 28
We see here that, for 4 points, all interior, non daylighted areas must have lighting controls that can reduce the lighting load by at least 50% from full lighting using any of 4 methodologies, as listed above. For Stage I review, the project manager can submit the electrical engineer s lighting plans as long as there is sufficient controls information listed or noted on the plan. If there is not sufficient information, then a lighting controls plan should be created that outlines the different lighting controls zones and the control strategy used in each. 29
There are three ways to earn points in this section: 3 points if the regularly occupied side lit daylighted areas (vertical fenestration) and the top lit daylighted areas (skylights) equal to at least 10% of the net building area 3 points if the effective aperture for vertical fenestration is sufficient given the climate zone, and Up to 2 points based on what percentage of the roof consists of skylights 30
3 points are available if: all small daylighted areas have manual or automatic photocell lighting controls, and all large daylighted areas have automatic photocell lighting controls Small daylighted area means 250 sq.ft to 2,500 sq.ft. Manual photocell lighting controls include: switching of each luminaire and switching of individual lamps independently of adjacent lamps within a luminaire. Automatic lighting photocell controls include: stepped switching, stepped dimming, and continuous dimming. Large daylighted area means larger than 2,500 sq.ft. 31
This section has 4 criteria, compositely worth up to 5 points. This first criteria earns 1 point if all exterior luminaires have lamps with an initial system efficacy of at least 60 lumens per watt. T5 and T8 fluorescent lamps are limited to being no more than 80 picograms per lumen hour and Mercury vapor lamps may not be used 32
Another point is available if all exterior lighting uses LED. 33
Mercury content in lamps is typically reported in milligrams. The largest factors contributing to mercury content in the lamps are the shape (avoid non standard shapes), the size (avoid non standard sizes), and the manufacturer. Not all lamps contain mercury; mercury free lamps include incandescent, halogen, low pressure sodium, and LEDs. It is important to note that not all lamps marked as compliant with the EPA s Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, (TCLP) are not necessarily low mercury since some lamps contain additives in end caps to prevent mercury from leaching during the test. Also, not all high efficiency lamps have low mercury content. Each lamp specification should be written to ensure low mercury levels for each lamp type. Another way to comply with this criterion is to select lamps based on the mercury content index. This number shows how much mercury is in a particular bulb in relation to the amount of light the bulb produces over its life. This number is specific for each manufacturer and model number. The aim is to use bulbs with the lowest level of mercury per lumen hour possible. For compliance with this criterion, all individual lamps or the total average of all lamps on the project should have mercury content of 90 picograms per lumen hour or less. For Stage I review, the lighting designer or electrical engineer should put together a list of all lamps specified on the project. Either each lamp must have a mercury content less than that listed above, 90 picograms per lumen hour or less, or the weighted average of all lamps should be less than or equal to 90 picograms per lumen hour. 34
Up to 2 points are also available for using certain controls on the exterior lighting. For Stage I review, provide electrical exterior/site lighting plans and specifications for time switch/photo sensor used. 35
Has the building s energy efficiency been increased through the use of one or more of the energy efficient equipment types listed here. This criterion applies to plug in equipment and fixed building equipment. For plug in equipment, preference should be given to ENERGY STAR and FEMP designated energy efficient equipment. Any equipment addressed for energy efficiency elsewhere in Green Globes for New Construction is ineligible for points under this criterion. Process energy, often referred to as plug loads, can be a significant contributor to a building s overall energy use. Projects should look to install ENERGY STAR appliances. Additionally, this criterion can be used for any other HVAC or lighting energy efficiency measure that has not already been covered by Green Globes criteria. 36
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This section is worth up to 17 points, spread out over 5 criteria. This first criteria provides up to 7 points depending on what percent of the floor area, occupied for critical visual tasks, achieves a minimum daylight factor (DF) of 2 (excluding all direct sunlight penetration). Daylight factor means the ratio of internal light level to external light level. Levels between 2 and 5 indicate adequate daylighting and possibly the need for artificial lighting for part of the time. Levels greater than 5 indicate a well daylighted area, but glare and solar gain may cause problems. Consult the Whole Building Design Guide for recommended DF for various types of spaces. The assessor may request percentages and calculations for occupied areas with daylight illumination levels as well as lighting plans. 38
Here, Green Globes is concerned with what percentage of task areas were designed to have views to the exterior or atria within 25 ft. (7.6 m) from a window. The percentage is based on the number of task areas that have a view to the building exterior over the total number of task areas in the building. Providing exterior views to occupants enhances their wellbeing and work place comfort. Projects should utilize glazing on interior partitions to allow for the maximum number of regularly occupied spaces to have a direct line of sight to the outdoors or an atrium. Green Globes further specifies that the maximum distance from the occupant to the view shall be 25 feet. The assessor may request percentages and calculations for view to building exterior or atria. 39
This third criteria within daylighting gives up to one point for putting shading devices on all southern, western, and eastern exposures 40
And here Green Globes is looking for shading devices to eliminate direct sunlight from reaching task areas. The assessor may request: percentages and calculations for primary occupied spaces with IESNA recommended task lighting levels; specifications for solar shading devices and luminaries; and lighting plans. 41
And this last criteria within the daylighting section is looking for photo sensors in daylighted areas to maintain consistent lighting levels throughout the day using both daylighting and artificial lighting. The number of points awarded is based on the % of spaces so controlled. This applies to areas with a Daylight Factor of at least 2. 42
This first criteria within the Lighting Design section asks if primary occupied spaces have the prescribed lighting levels for the types of tasks anticipated in the various building spaces. Prescribed lighting levels are found in the most recent IESNA Lighting Handbook and in Tables 3.7.3.2.1 A (IESNA Illuminance Categories) and 3.7.3.2.1 B (IESNA Location/Task Categories). Lighting levels should take into account special needs and circumstances. The lighting design for the project should take into account a number of factors including: IESNA recommended light levels Owner s Project Requirements for light levels (see 3.1.3.1 Pre Commissioning) Applicable energy code s maximum lighting power density Lighting designers and electrical engineers should also keep in mind that the lighting design also needs to meet energy code lighting power density watts per square foot values. With the advances within the lighting industry, designing a lighting system that meets both the energy codes and recommended illuminance values can be achieved. Illuminance level verification can be sent in Stage I review via calculations and/or lighting plans showing illuminance values or during Stage II handheld measurements can be recorded and presented to the Assessor for verification. If any areas have special circumstances, a narrative should be provided during Stage I review. 43
The assessor may also request percentages and calculations for primary occupied spaces with IESNA recommended task lighting levels (IES HB 10) as well as lighting plans. 43
In this criteria, a maximum limit has been set on certain luminaire ratios. For Stage II review, point by point computer calculations can be provided to accurately predict the illuminance levels for the project s specific parameters. Alternatively, handheld readings can be taken from a controlled mock up of a typical project space. These readings should be properly documented and submitted to the Assessor for review. 44
For this last criteria within the Lighting Design section, Green Globes is looking for a design showing that where there is direct lighting, the average luminance of the luminaire does not exceed the values above for given luminaire angles. Mark N/A if spaces are designed such that source/task eye geometry does not require IESNA Standard VDT compliant luminaires. For Stage I review, photometric data and/or product submittals for all interior luminaires should be provided showing luminance and luminaire angles. Glare levels will also be spot checked during the Stage II review. The assessor may also request percentages and calculations for primary occupied spaces with IESNA recommended task lighting levels; percentages and calculations for occupied areas with daylight illumination levels; and lighting plans. 45
This last criteria covers the noise associated with lighting equipment by covering: Low noise ballasts are installed in quiet areas and all other areas where speech intelligibility is important, and Noise from light fixtures and other electrical fixtures that do not exceed values indicated in ANSI/ASA S12.60 2010/Part 1 46
Here we see just a few of the resources available other than this training series. 47
So, what did we learn today? ============================================= Three basic points: 1. Green Globes, like LEED, is a sustainability system, where points are earned towards various levels of certification 2. Green Globes has placed less emphasis on the need for prerequisites, and 3. Lighting plays a significant role within the Green Globes system 48
Any questions. 49