We see that the BD+C category is made up of two kinds of construction: New Construction, and Core and Shell

Transcription

1 We see that the BD+C category is made up of two kinds of construction: New Construction, and Core and Shell And while applicable to almost any building type, it has specific requirements for 6 types of buildings: Schools, Retail, Data Centers, Warehouses and Distribution Centers, Hospitality, Healthcare facilities This presentation will cover the lighting related provisions of BD+C, pointing out the differences, for each prerequisite or credit, between these 8 types of projects. In some cases, the link to lighting is minor but has been included here for completeness sake. Criteria where the role of lighting is significant will be noted by using the key icon in the lower, left corner as shown here. 8

2 LEED doesn t actually have a category called Project Integration but it does have requirements centered around that issue so that is what we are calling it here. We will cover the two criteria listed here. 9

3 This prerequisite encourages cross discipline design and decision making, beginning in the programming and pre design phase, using (at a minimum): 1. An OPR (Owner s Project Requirements), 2. Preliminary Rating Goals, 3. An integrated Project Team, and 4. A design charrette This requirement provides a long list of professionals to possibly include in the integrated project team with a minimum of 4 being required in addition to the owner s representative. The lighting designer is included on this list. Please note that this prerequisite applies only to healthcare projects. 10

4 Applying to all of the BD+C systems, this credit enhances the design of energy and water systems by requiring the consideration of alternative, integrated design strategies associated with at least two of the following topics: Site conditions, Massing and orientation, Basic envelope attributes, Lighting levels, thermal comfort ranges, plug and process loads, and Programmatic & operational parameters In the lighting levels section, the direction is to assess interior surface reflectance values and lighting levels in occupied spaces 11

5 Sustainable sites credits encourage strategies that minimize the impact on ecosystems and water resources. In this section we will cover the three credits shown here, compositely worth up to 3 points. 12

6 This next credit is one of the few with lighting as the sole topic. So as to improve nighttime visibility and reduce the consequences that light has on wildlife, this credit has requirements about: Uplight, Light trespass, and Certain signage The next few slides will provide some details on each of these. 13

7 This credit provides two different options for meeting the uplight needs. Option 1 involves selecting luminaires that have a low enough U Rating (based on the BUG rating system defined in IES TM 15 11, Addendum A). The threshold rating is a function of what lighting zone the site is in. So in Lighting Zone 0, one may only use luminaires with a U0 rating while in lighting zone 3, luminaires may be rated U0, U1, U2 or U3. ====================================================================== Option 2 instead sets a threshold on how many lumens (as a percentage of the total luminaire lumens) may be emitted directly above the horizon. Again the threshold is a function of the lighting zone. So in lighting zone 0, no light may be emitted above the horizon, directly from the luminaires. In lighting zone 3, all of the non exempt luminaires as a whole may emit above the horizon, up to 3% of what they emit in total in all directions. In both cases the definitions for lighting zones, as found in the MLO User Guide, should be used. One of the main differences between these two options is that for option 1, every luminaire must comply while with option 2 it is the composite of all luminaires used on the site that matters thereby allowing a few individual luminaires to not comply. 14

8 The Light Trespass requirement also has 2 options for compliance. Option 1 again depends on the BUG rating of the luminaires being used. Besides being dependent on the lighting zone, the allowed rating is also dependent on: How it is mounted, How far it is mounted from the lighting boundary, and How it is oriented But what is the lighting boundary? This boundary is typically at the property line but can be moved for three conditions: 1. When the property line is adjacent to a public area that is a walkway, bikeway, plaza, or parking lot, the lighting boundary may be moved to 5 feet (1.5 meters) beyond the property line 2. When the property line is adjacent to a public street, alley, or transit corridor, the lighting boundary may be moved to the center line of that street, alley, or corridor. AND/OR 3. When there are additional properties owned by the same entity that are contiguous to the property, or properties, that the LEED project is within and have the same or higher MLO lighting zone designation as the LEED project, the lighting boundary may be expanded to include those properties. And what is properly oriented? The design must orient all luminaires that are less than two mounting heights from the lighting boundary such that the backlight points toward the 15

9 nearest lighting boundary line. However, building mounted luminaires with the backlight oriented toward the building are exempt from the backlight rating requirement. ======================================================================= So, in a project located in lighting zone 3, a luminaire on a 25 pole, located 40 from the lighting boundary (1.6 MHs) must have a backlight rating of B4 or better and a glare rating of G3 or better. Note: the lower number means better. 15

10 As with the uplight options, all of the luminaires would have to meet option 1of the trespass requirements, if that option is selected. But for option 2 what matters is finding the maximum vertical illuminance, overall, at and above the lighting boundary under the following conditions: 1. Calculation points may be no more than 5 feet apart. 2. Vertical illuminances must be calculated on vertical planes running parallel to the lighting boundary, 1. with the normal to each plane oriented toward the property and perpendicular to the lighting boundary, 2. and extending from grade level to 33 feet above the height of the highest luminaire. It is permissible to use the BUG Rating Method for uplight and the Calculation Method for trespass and visa versa. 16

11 The project design must meet the requirements described above for all exterior luminaires located inside the project boundary (except those listed under Exemptions ), based on the following: the photometric characteristics of each luminaire must be determined when mounted in the same orientation and tilt as specified in the project design; and ============================================= For the lighting zone of the project property (at the time construction begins). Classify the project under one lighting zone using the lighting zones definitions provided in the Illuminating Engineering Society and International Dark Sky Association (IES/IDA) Model Lighting Ordinance (MLO) User Guide. ======================================================================= And finally, the following exterior lighting is exempt from the uplight and trespass requirements, provided it is controlled separately from the nonexempt lighting: specialized signal, directional, and marker lighting for transportation; lighting that is used solely for façade and landscape lighting in MLO lighting zones 3 and 4, and is automatically turned off from midnight until 6 a.m.; lighting for theatrical purposes for stage, film, and video performances; government mandated roadway lighting; hospital emergency departments, including associated helipads; lighting for the national flag in MLO lighting zones 2, 3, or 4; and internally illuminated signage. 17

12 At lastly, for this credit, no point on an internally illuminated sign may exceed neither a luminance of 200 cd/sq.meter during nighttime hours nor 2000 cd/sq.meter during daytime hours. 18

13 For schools seeking this credit, a site master plan for the school must be developed in collaboration with school authorities. Previous sustainable site design measures should be considered in all master planning efforts so that existing infrastructure is retained whenever possible. The master plan must therefore include current construction activity plus future construction (within the building s lifespan) that affects the site. The master plan development footprint must also include parking, paving, and utilities. Projects where no future development is planned are not eligible for this credit. The Light Pollution credit is one of the 6 credits associated with this process. 19

14 This credit, for Core & Shell projects only, requires that the tenant be supplied with an illustrated document covering sustainability features and recommendations and other information to help the tenant should they decide to seek LEED v4 certification for Commercial Interiors. Among the list of credits for which specific information is to be supplied, there are certain lighting related credits such as: The EA Prerequisite: Minimum Energy Performance, The EA Credit: Optimize Energy Performance, and EQ Credits: for Interior Lighting, Daylight, and Quality Views 20

15 Energy & atmosphere credits promote better building energy performance. We will be covering the two prerequisites and one credit shown here. 21

16 One of the requirements for this prerequisite is the development of a Current Facilities Requirements and Operations and Maintenance Plan. Among the items required to be in this plan is: a sequence of operations for the building; the building occupancy schedule; equipment run time schedules; set lighting levels throughout the building; any changes in schedules or setpoints for different seasons, days of the week, and times of day; a systems narrative describing the mechanical and electrical systems and equipment; a preventive maintenance plan for building equipment described in the systems narrative; and a commissioning program that includes periodic commissioning requirements, ongoing commissioning tasks, and continuous tasks for critical facilities. 22

17 This prerequisite and this corresponding credit concentrate on the energy use of the building. This credit is the greatest possible source of points in the LEED system. The number of points possible depends on which rating system is being used. Schools can earn up to 16 points, while Healthcare facilities can earn up to 20 points All others can earn up to 18 points For these criteria, lighting fixtures are not LEED compliant. The lighting uses electricity and therefore is counted into the overall energy consumption. Given that lighting typically constitutes a high percentage of the total energy used by most buildings, highly efficient luminaires make it easier for a project to get more points. 23

18 This prerequisite involves whole building measurement of total building energy consumption (electricity, natural gas, chilled water, steam, fuel oil, propane, biomass, etc.). The project must also commit to sharing with USGBC the resulting energy consumption data and electrical demand data (if metered) for a five year period beginning on the date the project accepts LEED certification. At a minimum, energy consumption must be tracked at one month intervals. A credit for 1 point is also available for advanced energy metering. 24

19 We can see here that USGBC has significantly beefed up the materials based criteria in v4 and we will see that lighting plays a larger role than in previous versions. 25

20 For this prerequisite, the project must provide dedicated areas accessible to waste haulers and building occupants for the collection and storage of recyclable materials for the entire building. Collection and storage areas may be separate locations. Recyclable materials must include mixed paper, corrugated cardboard, glass, plastics, and metals. Also, the project must take appropriate measures for the safe collection, storage, and disposal of two of the following: batteries, mercury containing lamps, and electronic waste. 26

21 Here we see a prerequisite that applies only to healthcare projects. It is intended to minimize the use of mercury. Details of this requirement are on the next slide 27

22 As part of the project s recycling collection system, identify the following: types of mercury containing products and devices to be collected; criteria governing how they are to be handled by a recycling program; and disposal methods for captured mercury. Applicable mercury containing products and devices include, but are not limited to, lamps (such as linear and circular fluorescents, integrally ballasted and non integrally ballasted compact fluorescents and HIDs) and dental wastes (such as scrap amalgam, chair side traps, and separator wastes). ====================================================================== In facilities delivering dental care, specify and install amalgam separation devices that meet or exceed the ISO standard such as: In New construction: healthcare facilities may not use mercury containing equipment, including thermostats, switching devices, and other building system sources. Lamps are excluded. In Renovations: healthcare facilities must develop a plan to phase out mercurycontaining products and upgrade current mercury containing lamps to high efficiency, low mercury, or mercury free lamp technology. ====================================================================== Do not specify or install preheat, T 9, T 10, or T 12 fluorescents or mercury vapor highintensity discharge (HID) lamps in the project. Do not specify probe start metal halide HID lamps in any interior spaces. 28

23 =================================================================== Specify and install illuminated exit signs that do not contain mercury and use less than 5 watts of electricity. ================================================================== Fluorescent and high pressure sodium lamps must meet the criteria in Table 1, shown here. 28

24 This credit limits mercury use by both limiting initial mercury content and by requiring long lamp life For example, a linear T5 fluorescent, besides being limited to 2.5 mg of mercury, must also have a rated lamp life of 25,000 hours on program start ballasts. Once again, this credit applies only to healthcare projects. 29

25 This credit offers the four options listed here for showing compliance. Each of these shown here are trying to reduce to overall environmental impact of the building. While a Core & Shell project may earn up to 6 points with this project, all the other systems may earn up to 5 points. 30

26 This credit rewards projects using products and materials that have life cycle information available. Products sourced with 100 miles are provided additional incentive. 31

27 For this similar credit, the project can earn one point by using any of several reporting mechanisms to show that at least 20 of their products came from at least 5 different suppliers that have publicly released a report from their raw material suppliers which include: raw material supplier extraction locations, a commitment to long term ecologically responsible land use, a commitment to reducing environmental harms from extraction and/or manufacturing processes, and a commitment to meeting applicable standards or programs voluntarily that address responsible sourcing criteria. The other point comes from demonstrating responsible extraction methods thru the use of bio based materials, reusing materials and/or use of recycled materials. 32

28 Here points are earned by being able to demonstrate, using a variety of techniques, the chemical inventory of the products used. 33

29 This credit addresses the use of certain substances of concern. In particular, it limits the amount of lead in electrical wire and cable and in paints. It also specifies the appropriate disposal of certain components for renovation projects. With regards to the M&R provisions we have been discussing, it is noteworthy that lighting (and other electrical components) no longer get a free ride. In previous versions of LEED, electrical products were specifically excluded from these provisions. In v4, projects will have a legitimate reason for asking for such information as: Recycled content, Chemical makeup, and Point of manufacturing and extraction 34

30 Indoor environmental quality credits promote better indoor air quality and access to daylight and views. 35

31 Here we have another credit dedicated to lighting. It does not apply to Core & Shell projects, and healthcare projects are eligible for only 1 point. This credit breaks down into two types of activities for all but retail and healthcare; we will cover these two activities in the next two slides 36

32 For at least 90% of individual occupant spaces, provide individual lighting controls that enable occupants to adjust the lighting to suit their individual tasks and preferences, with at least three lighting levels or scenes (on, off, and midlevel). Midlevel is 30% to 70% of the maximum illumination level (not including daylight contributions). ==================================================================== For all shared multi occupant spaces, meet all of the following requirements. 1. Have in place multi zone control systems that enable occupants to adjust the lighting to meet group needs and preferences, with at least three lighting levels or scenes (on, off, and midlevel). 2. Lighting for any presentation or projection wall must be separately controlled. 3. Switches or manual controls must be located in the same space as the controlled luminaires. A person operating the controls must have a direct line of sight to the controlled luminaires. 37

33 For the lighting quality point, the project must comply with at least four of the following strategies. 1. For all regularly occupied spaces, use light fixtures with a luminance of less than 2,500cd/sq.meter between 45 and 90 degrees from nadir. Exceptions include wallwash fixtures properly aimed at walls, as specified by manufacturer s data, indirect uplighting fixtures, provided there is no view down into these uplights from a regularly occupied space above, and any other specific applications (i.e. adjustable fixtures). 2. For the entire project, use light sources with a CRI of 80 or higher. Exceptions include lamps or fixtures specifically designed to provide colored lighting for effect, site lighting, or other special use. 3. For at least 75% of the total connected lighting load, use light sources that have a rated life (or L70 for LED sources) of at least 24,000 hours (at 3 hour per start, if applicable). 4. Use direct only overhead lighting for 25% or less of the total connected lighting load for all regularly occupied spaces. 5. For at least 90% of the regularly occupied floor area, meet or exceed the following thresholds for area weighted average surface reflectance: 85% for ceilings, 60% for walls, and 25% for floors. 6. If furniture is included in the scope of work, select furniture finishes to meet or exceed the following thresholds for area weighted average surface reflectance: 38

34 45% for work surfaces, and 50% for movable partitions. 7. For at least 75% of the regularly occupied floor area, meet an average ratio of wall surface illuminance (excluding fenestration) to average work plane (or surface, if defined) illuminance that does not exceed 1:10. Must also meet the previous 2 strategies or demonstrate area weighted surface reflectance of at least 60% for walls. 8. For at least 75% of the regularly occupied floor area, meet an average ratio of ceiling illuminance (excluding fenestration) to work surface illuminance that does not exceed 1:10. Must also meet the 5 th and 6 th strategies above, or demonstrate area weighted surface reflectance of at least 85% for ceilings. 38

35 Here we see the requirements for retail projects: For at least 90% of the individual occupant spaces in office and administrative areas, provide individual lighting controls. =================================================================== In sales areas, provide controls that can reduce the ambient light levels to a midlevel (30% to 70% of the maximum illumination level not including daylight contributions). 39

36 And here we see the requirements for a healthcare project: Provide individual lighting controls for at least 90% of individual occupant spaces in staff areas. =========================================================== For at least 90% of patient positions, provide lighting controls that are readily accessible from the patient s bed. In multi occupant patient spaces, the controls must be individual lighting controls. In private rooms, also provide exterior window shades, blinds, or curtain controls that are readily accessible from the patient s bed. Exceptions include in patient critical care, pediatric, and psychiatric patient rooms. ================================================================== For all shared multi occupant spaces, provide multi zone control systems that enable occupants to adjust the lighting to meet group needs and preferences, with at least three lighting levels or scenes (on, off, midlevel). Midlevel is 30% to 70% of the maximum illumination level (not including daylight contributions). 40

37 This credit offers up to 3 points except for healthcare, which may earn up to 2 points only. All projects have to provide manual or automatic (with manual override) glare control devices for all regularly occupied spaces. Then the project must do one of these three activities: The 1 st option involves using the IES document LM 83 to calculate the spatial daylight autonomy and the annual sunlight exposure. See table 1 on the next slide for points available. The 2 nd option involves calculating illuminance levels and direct sunlight exposure (see Table 2 for point availability). The 3 rd option allows these values to be measured after construction (see Table 3) 41

38 Besides achieving the daylight autonomy shown here, the project must also demonstrate through annual computer simulations that annual sunlight of no more than 10% is achieved. Use the regularly occupied floor area that is daylighted per the sda simulations. 42

39 For this option, the project must demonstrate through computer modeling that illuminance levels will be between 300 lux and 3,000 lux for 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. (both on a clear sky day at the equinox) for the floor area indicated in Table 2 shown here. For this calculation, use regularly occupied floor area. Healthcare projects should use the perimeter area determined under EQ Credit Quality Views 43

40 For this third option, measurements are taken with furniture, fixtures, and equipment in place, measuring the illuminance levels as follows: Measure at appropriate work plane height during any hour between 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. Take one measurement in any regularly occupied month, and take a second typically 4 to 8 months later (this is specifically shown in Table 4 of the credit) For spaces larger than 150 square feet (14 square meters), take measurements on a maximum 10 foot (3 meter) square grid. For spaces 150 square feet (14 square meters) or smaller, take measurements on a maximum 3 foot (900 millimeters) square grid. These measurements must demonstrate illuminance levels between 300 lux and 3,000 lux for the floor area indicated in Table 3 shown here. 44

41 For this credit, which provides view glazing, only healthcare projects can earn up to 2 points; all others are 1 point. For all BD+C projects, the glazing design must achieve a direct line of sight to the outdoors via vision glazing for 75% of all regularly occupied floor area. View glazing in the contributing area must provide a clear image of the exterior, not obstructed by frits, fibers, patterned glazing, or added tints that distort color balance. Additionally, 75% of all regularly occupied floor area must have at least two of the following four kinds of views: multiple lines of sight to vision glazing in different directions at least 90 degrees apart; views that include at least two of the following: (1) flora, fauna, or sky; (2) movement; and (3) objects at least 25 feet (7.5 meters) from the exterior of the glazing; unobstructed views located within the distance of three times the head height of the vision glazing; and views with a view factor of 3 or greater, as defined in Windows and Offices; A Study of Office Worker Performance and the Indoor Environment. Include in the calculations any permanent interior obstructions. Movable furniture and partitions may be excluded. 45

42 Views into interior atria may be used to meet up to 30% of the required area. The office portion of warehouses must meet the requirements above plus the bulk storage, sorting, and distribution portions of the building, must meet the requirements above for 25% of the regularly occupied floor area. In healthcare projects, inpatient units must meet the requirements above for 1 point. For a second point, the project must configure the building floor plates such that the floor area within 15 feet (4.5 meters) of the perimeter exceeds the perimeter area requirement specified in Table 1 of the standard, and meet the requirements above for the perimeter area. 45