Smart Energy Storage Sytems for Integrating Renewable Energies www.renewables-made-in-germany.com
Research focus of the institute elenia ~ ~ = = Electromobility Components for electricity transport and distribution Smart Grids 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 2
Smart Energy Storage Sytems for Integrating Renewable Energies The German Energy Transition Implementation of energy storages into the power grid Energy storages for grid application Energy storages for residential buildings 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 3
The context of the German energy transition 2002: 14 GW 2015: 88 GW 2002: 100 GW 2015: 87,6 GW 2002: 7 GW 2015: 7 GW 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 4
Total Rated Power [GW] Source: DLR; IWES; IFNE: Leitstudie 2011 Datenanhang-II (Szenario 2011 B) Renewable energies and conventional plants in the future 250 200 150 100 50 0 83,1 GW maximum demand today 35 GW minimum demand today 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2040 2050 RE-Import EE-Import Photovoltaic Power Photovoltaik Wind Power Wind Biomass, Gehothermal Biomasse, Geothermie und Wasserkraft and Hydropower Pumpspeicher, andere Storage Plants Speicher Fossil + EE-Wasserstoff Fossil Plants Nuclear Plants Kernenergie 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 5
Example of generation and load in East Germany in 2013 8 GW German pumped storage power plants: 7 GW / 40 GWh 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 6 source: 50Hertz Transmission
Power in GW /MWh Photovoltaic modules supply energy at peak times 70 60 Photovoltaik Photovoltaic power Wind power Conventional power plants Wind Konventionelle Erzeugungseinheiten > 100 MW 70 60 Phelix Day Base 50 50 Day Peak 40 21.9 GW 40 30 20 2.4 GW 26.9 GW 30 20 10 10 0 0h 2h 4h 6h 8h 10h 12h 14h 16h 18h 20h 22h Saturday, 26th of June, 2012 0 0h 4h 8h 12h 16h 20h 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 7
Smart Energy Storage Sytems for Integrating Renewable Energies The German Energy Transition Implementation of energy storages into the power grid Energy storages for grid application Energy storages for residential buildings 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 8
Technologies for storing electric energy Electrical Superconductive coils Coils Capacitors Capacitors Mechanical Pumped Hydro hydro Flywheels Compressed Air air Electrochemical Batteries with withinternal storage internal (Li-Ion, storage etc.) (Li- Ion, etc.) Batteries with external Batteries storage with (hydrogen, external storage redoxflow) (hydrogen, redoxflow) 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 9
Specific power and energy of different technologies source: IEA Technology Roadmap 2009 OECD/IEA 2011 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 10
Long-term price projection for batteries 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 11
Storage systems can be integrated at all voltage levels Transmission grid High voltage < industrial buildings Medium voltage < manufacturing and trade Low voltage < residential Areas 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 12
Implementation of energy storages in the current power system Conventional power plants - Increase flexibility - Optimal usage Energy market - Short term trading - Balancing group Renewable energies - Grid integration - Profit maximization TSO - Operating reserve - Backup power - Ancillary services DSO - Grid congestions - Ancillary services - Grid reinforcement Residential buildings/ industry - Own consumption - Backup power 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 13
Application shift from short-time to seasonal Grid stabilization services Load, frequency control and performance / active power Security of energy supplies Flexibility of generation Voltage control / reactive power RES ~75% ~60% Day storage Seasonal storage Storage for market application Peak shaving Energy shifting Seasonal storage application Short-time storage 2020 2050 year Surplus energy Power to gas source: Younicos 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 14
Smart Energy Storage Sytems for Integrating Renewable Energies The German Energy Transition Implementation of energy storages into the power grid Energy storages for grid application Energy storages for residential buildings 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 15
Ancillary services Reactive power and voltage control Frequency control System coordination Grid restoration 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 16
Reactive power concepts with renewable energies Time period Minimum Power Auction period Activation time Max. duration Tech. requirements Payment 24 h for one week ±1 MW weekly Full power after 30 s 15 min Automatic (on frequency-change) Capacity price ( / MW) 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 17
Control reserve for frequency control f Frequency P 5 s 10 s 15 min 1 h P Demand and Supply 5 s 10 s 15 min 1 h P Primary and secondary control reserve 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 18 Source: Verstege 5 s 10 s 15 min 1 h
Younicos storage system for primary control source: WEMAG / Younicos Lithium-Ion-Storage More than 25,000 single cells Samsung SDI cells. Expected lifetime: 20 years 5 MW and 5 MWh 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 19
EWE Netz, Altenoythe/ Lower Saxony source: green2store 200 kw 270 kwh 600,000 Euro 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 20
Smart Energy Storage Sytems for Integrating Renewable Energies The German Energy Transition Implementation of energy storages into the power grid Energy storages for grid application Energy storages for residential buildings 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 21
Storage systems for residential buildings [kw/kwh] [kw/kwh] 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 22
Conventional approach for storing photovoltaic energy 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 23
Smart energy storages mitigate grid congestions 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 24
hours per year Utilization factor of battery storages is low 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 used unused 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 25
Conclusion Energy storages are the perfect complement to intermittent energy sources Grid stabilization services and residential storages are used today Future storages will be employed for the energy market and as seasonal storages 02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 26
02.11.2015 Daniel Unger Smart Energy Storages Page 27 Thank you very much for your attention!
Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. Daniel Unger TU Braunschweig elenia d.unger@tu-braunschweig.de Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bernd Engel TU Braunschweig elenia Email: Bernd.Engel@tu-braunschweig.de www.renewables-made-in-germany.com