Power to Gas in the Energy Transition

Transcription

1 Power to Gas in the Energy Transition Philippe BOUCLY Special Adviser Lyon, 22 April

2 What is Power to Gas? Power to Gas : Transformation through electrolysis of surplus of electricity into gas, either hydrogen or methane (through Sabatier reaction) Power to hydrogen (H2) Power to Synthetic methane (CH4) 2

3 Prospective study focusing on 2050 in France 1.Assessment of the surpluses generated by 70 GW of wind power and 60 W of photovoltaic capacity installed 2. Studies into solutions for using electricity surpluses depending on their technical characteristics. 3. Assessment of minimum electricity surplus that can only be used as H Analysis of the profitability conditions for using surpluses as H 2 injected into the network. 3

4 Electricity surpluses are estimated at a level of 75 TWh Wind PV Other Nuclear ADEME VISIONS GW (PV+Eolien) Parc actuel Vision 2030? Vision 2050 Inner demand ~ 485 TWh ~ 392 TWh ~ 381 TWh 4

5 Power [MW] Modelling supply / demand balancing on an hourly basis Simulation of the variability (wind, PV, demand) on the basis of historical data Production Surplus Nuclear+Fatal Lack of production Nuclear+Fatal ( Need for other means of productionuction) Total Production Nuclear + Fatal Demand Wind Solar Nuclear 0 Hydraulique au Fil de l eau Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 5 Source: Modelling and Analyses E-CUBE Strategy Consultants

6 Various solutions can be envisaged in order to cope with these surplusses of production 1 Délestage des surplus ( Loss of energy ) 5 Actions on the power consumption ( Smart grids ) STORAGE 2 Management of excess of production Storage of electricity in excess then restitution of this on the power system (STEP, CAES, Batteries) 4 Exports Production of hydrogen 3 6

7 Withdrawal time at maximum rate ) Thanks to its characteristics, hydrogen seems to be the most appropriate technology to store electricity over long periods of time Month Hydrogene (storage then utilisation in Fuel cells or in gas turbines) Injection of hydrogen in the natural gas network Day STEP 2) Compressed Air Energy Storage PHES : Pumped Hydro Energy Storage Hour Minute Batteries (NaS, Li-Ion, Redox) Second Super-condensators / Wheels 1 kwh 10 kwh 1 MWh 100 MWh 1 GWh <10 GWh Energy 7

8 Main results 80% of electricity surplus are produced during Periods of 12 hours or more H 2 production potential of at least 20 TWh/year, = 2 nuclear power plants and 9 % of France's total gas consumption in 2050 (based on Ademe Vision 2050). Injecting renewable gas into the networks is one of the most economically viable ways of using it. 8

9 «Green» Hydrogen Power Grid Electrolysis Green H2 Mobility Fuel Cells H2/CH4 mix Process / Feedstock Process and/or Heat generation ( Combustion or Fuel Cell) Methanation Injection Gas grid Methanisation Plant CO2 Synthetic Methane (CH4) CH4

10 H2 demonstration project Power Grid 02 H2 SMART GRID P2G Automation Automation Source Tampon Transformation Renewable power Transformation Elec Electrolyser Compression Storage H2 PRODUCTION Mélangeur Gas/H2 Mixing INJECTION Device Water 10

11 H2 demonstration project : objectives Time period : Size of electrolyser : 1 MW Test of * Electrolyser - alcaline - pressure alcaline - PEM - High temperature (?) * Response to different electricity regimes (flexibility) * Synthetic methane production Value chain / business model Regulation (gas quality) 11

12 One of the business models... Power market place Gas Market place Buy electrical kwh Sale of Gas kwh Gas Network Power network POWER TO GAS 12

13 CONCLUSION Promoting the role of the gas networks in the energy transition Power to gas Studying the economic conditions for a profitable operation in France H2 demonstration project Biométhane : Injection of 3 TWh in 2020 Technical and economic analysis of the necessary conditions for the development of renewable gases in France in

14 Gas infrastructure an essential component of a global sustainable energy system Gas networks CO2 CH4 Methanation r e-gaz H2 Electrolysis Power networks

15 15 Thank you for your attention