Strategic Information Systems Management Kevin Grant, Ray Hackney and David Edgar ; \ COURSE TECHNOLOGY t% CENGAGE Learning- Australia Brazil Japan Korea Mexico Singapore Spain United Kingdom United States
Forewords Preface Acknowledgements Contributors About the Authors Walk-through Tour About the Website 1 Business Strategy for the Digital World 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The development of strategic management 1.3 The development of the digital economy 1.4 The Positioning Approach 1.5 The competitive environment 1.6 The Resource-Based View 1.7 E-business and the Resource-Based View 1.8 Strategic information systems and the RBV 1.9 Dynamic capabilities 1.10 M-commerce Conclusion Key learning points Review questions and tasks Key further reading References 2 Business Exploitation of Information and Communication Technology Systems 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The importance of ICT in contemporary organizations 2.3 Evidence on the exploitation of ICT by organizations 2.4 Challenges associated with exploiting ICT 2.5 Understanding ICT implementation and use 2.6 Improving the exploitation of ICT Conclusion Key learning points Review questions and tasks Key further reading References xvu xix xxv xxvii xxix xli xliii 1 1 2 6 9 12 15 16 18 21 24 26 27 27 28 29 32 32 33 36 38 40 43 44 45 46 48 49 IX
3 Information Systems Development Approaches 51 3.1 Introduction 51 3.2 Why Information Systems Development is key to business strategy 52 3.3 A brief history of Information Systems Development 53 3.4 Contemporary Information Systems Development (ISD) 58 3.5 The Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) 61 3.6 Case study: London Ambulance Service - from failure to success 67 Conclusion 73 Key learning points 74 Review questions and tasks 75 Key further reading 75 References 76 4 Disruptive Technologies and Applications 77 4.1 Introduction 77 4.2 Context for disruptive technologies and applications 78 4.3 Strategy of disruption and innovation 81 4.4 Internet and related technologies 85 4.5 Focus of disruptive internet applications 86 4.6 Emerging disruptive technologies: features and applications 91 4.7 MMORPGS and virtual worlds 95 4.8 Future issues 97 Conclusion 98 Key learning points 98 Review questions and tasks 99 Key further reading 100 References 101 5 Business IT/IS Alignment 103 5.1 Introduction, 103 5.2 Business alignment 105 5.3 IT/IS alignment 107 5.4 Assumptions of and in IT/IS alignment 109 5.5 Evolution of IT/IS alignment and its suggested direction of travel 110 5.6 Business benefits of IT/IS alignment 111 5.7 IT/IS alignment and Enterprise Architecture 114 5.8 Academically-based tool kits for IT/IS alignment 119 5.9 Practitioners' challenges 124 Conclusion 126 Key learning points 127 Review questions and tasks 127 Key further reading 135 References 136 6 Strategic IS/IM in Context 139 6.1 Introduction 139 6.2 The nature of public sector organizations 140 6.3 Electronic government (e-government) 144
6.4 E-government applications 145 6.5 E-government - a global phenomenon 146 6.6 Strategies for e-government 147 6.7 E-government maturity models 149 6.8 Issues and challenges in e-government 151 6.9 Emerging technologies 154 6.10 Knowledge Management and e-health in NHS Ayrshire and Arran 156 6.11 What are SMEs? 167 6.12 Why are SMEs important? 168 6.13 What is distinctive about SMEs? 168 6.14 SMEs and IS/IT: drivers and inhibitors 171 6.15 IS/IM competencies for SMEs 173 6.16 Planning for IS/IT in SMEs 174 6.17 Emerging technologies and practices for SMEs 177 6.18 SMEs, IS/IT and policy 179 6.19 Comparing and contrasting the two contexts 182 Conclusion 183 Key learning points 183 Review questions and tasks 184 Key further reading 184 References 186 7 Global Issues in Information Management 191 7.1 Introduction 191 7.2 Changes in society 194 7.3 IT/IS outsourcing and offshoring 196 7.4 Emerging technologies and global IM 199 7.5 Global information management and management decision-making 207 7.6 The greening of IT 208 Conclusion 210 Key learning points 210 Review questions and tasks 211 Key further reading 212 References 213 8 Strategic Knowledge Management 215 8.1 Introduction 215 8.2 Evolution of the knowledge economy 216 8.3 What is knowledge management? 217 8.4 Knowledge management models 220 8.5 Organizational learning and knowledge 227 8.6 Intellectual capital 229 8.7 Knowledge and intellectual capital as a source of sustainable competitive advantage 232 8.8 Knowledge management strategies 233 Conclusion 236 Key learning points 236
xii Contents Review questions and tasks 237 Key further reading 241 References 242 9 Organizational Change, Culture and Strategic IS/IT Led Change 246 9.1 Introduction 246 9.2 Human behaviour and organizational culture 250 9.3 Characterizing organizational culture 252 9.4 Different types of change 254 9.5 Managing for change 257 9.6 Getting the organization ready to accept strategic IS/IT led change 257 9.7 Dealing with and managing resistance to change 260 9.8 Stakeholder engagement 262 9.9 Managing change across boundaries 263 9.10 Strategic leadership in large and complex organizations 263 9.11 Achievement of the organization's new goals and objectives 264 9.12 Pitfalls to avoid when leading strategic change 265 Conclusion 266 Key learning points 267 Review questions and tasks 267 Key further reading 270 References 270 10 IS/IT Benefits Management and Realization 273 10.1 Introduction 273 10.2 Evaluating information systems 274 10.3 The IT productivity paradox 276 10.4 Benefits management 277 10.5 Financial aspect of IT 278 10.6 Benefits management techniques 280 10.7 Benefits management approach 280 10.8 Benefit realization approach 281 10.9 Life cycle thinking and IT economics 282 10.10 Requirements for the business cases 286 10.11 Organizing the financial control function 286 10.12 Case study: IBG Banking 287 Conclusion 295 Key learning points 296 Review questions and tasks 297 Key further reading 297 References 298 11 Strategic IT/IS Leadership and IT Governance 300 11.1 Introduction 300 11.2 What is leadership? 301
11.3 What is strategic leadership? 301 11.4 The differences between managers and leaders 303 11.5 Transformational leadership 307 11.6 Leading technology enabled innovations 308 11.7 Leadership competencies for technology led innovation 309 11.8 Leading IT geeks 312 11.9 Corporate governance 313 11.10 IT governance definition 314 11.11 Corporate governance and IT governance 316 11.12 The growing maturity of IT governance 318 11.13 Corporate Governance of Information Communications Technology 318 11.14 Building effective IT governance structure, participation and process 321 11.15 IT governance structures 322 11.16 Participation in governance 324 11.17 IT governance structure 324 11.18 Project and programme boards 326 11.19 Project and programme management frameworks 332 Conclusion 334 Key learning points 334 Review questions and tasks 335 Key further reading 335 References 340 12 IT/IS Professionalism, Ethics and Security 342 12.1 Introduction 342 12.2 IT/IS professionalism 343 12.3 What is professionalism? 344 12.4 Towards an understanding of IT professionalism 345 12.5 What next for IT professionalism? 349 12.6 Ethical behaviour in IT/IS 349 12.7 Professional organizations and codes of ethics 351 12.8 Legislation and its impact on the IT function 355 12.9 Intellectual property 356 12.10 Types of IT/IS security threats 359 12.11 Non-technical attacks 367 12.12 Countermeasures: technical controls 368 12.13 Countermeasures: non-technical controls 370 Conclusion 374 Key learning points 374 Review questions and activities 376 Key further reading 376 References 377 Index 379