Plicy Optins (Develpment, Priritizing, Chsing) The Rle f Research in the Develpment f Effective Plicy in the Field f Drug Abuse Preventin Prt f Spain, Trinidad Octber 30, 2014 Cecilia Hegamin-Yunger St. Gerge s University
Overview Establishing the need fr interventin Identifying plicy ptins Priritizing ptins
1. Agenda Setting Plicy Prcess Awareness f and pririty given t an issue r prblem 2. Plicy Frmulatin The ways ptins and strategies are cnstructed 3. Implementing Plicy The frms and nature f plicy administratin 4. Mnitring and Evaluatin Frm Pllard and Curt, 2005.
Influencers f Plicy Making in Gvernment Experience & Expertise Pragmatics & Cntingencies Judgment Lbbyists & Pressure Grups Evidence Resurces Habits & Traditins Values Frm: Davies (2004)
Limits f using Evidence- Based Apprach Speed: t be seen as acting, plicy makers are frced t prcess infrmatin quickly Superficiality: Plicymakers have t cver many thematic fields and cannt have in-depth knwledge abut every issue Spin: Perceptin is imprtant. Perceptin guides plitical decisins Secrecy: Media raises the questin f hw t relate t evidence that is secret Scientific ignrance: There is grwing suspicin twards science and scientist amng the public, which will effect n plicies Frm: Vincent Cable speaking n Evidence and UK Plitics, at Des Evidence Matter? ODI meeting series (2004)
Establishing the need fr Interventin Explre the Issue Identifying the Drivers and Decisin Makers Clarifying the Cntext and Justifying the Interventin
Explring the Issue Identify the issue Clearly utline the issue Why is it a prblem? What are the underlying causes f the prblem? Ensure the prblem is real Ptential slutins can be identified and actin are fcused where they have mst impact What grups des the issue impact upn? All persns likely t be affected by a plicy shuld have the pprtunity t engage in the develpment f plicy
Identifying the Drivers f Change Identifying all stakehlders Wh has decisin making authrity n the issue? What is/are the driver(s) fr interventin? Wh has the authrity t intervene? Hw des the issue relate t strategic pririties and gals? Is there a case fr interventin?
Is there a Case fr Interventin? Alignment with strategic pririties and gals? Hw will the issue be addressed? Legislative Educatin Encuragement f vluntary change Is there a case fr interventin?
Fcusing Plicy Optins Summarize Define the issue Identify the key stakehlders Identify what is driving the prject and key decisin maker Determine the current plicy psitin Identify issues relating t wider pririties and bjectives Is there a case fr interventin
Gather Evidence Surces f evidence- lcal, internatinal, expert Address the fllwing: What is the relevant infrmatin/research available Hw has the issue been addressed elsewhere Key trends and future develpment impacting the issue Analyze the evidence Assess Current psitin Relative psitin Hw the issue will likely develp in the future If smething is dne If nthing is dne
Fcusing ptins: What des success lk like? T fcus ptential ptins we need t knw what success will lk like Gals: Identify the gals yu want. This is the ratinale fr the plicy Objectives: list indicatrs SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time bund) Outcmes: list the lng term impacts/what will result frm the interventin
Identifying Plicy Optins Engage stakehlders Develp a team t identify ptential interventins Multi-disciplinary mix f skills, experience and representatin Skills wanted expertise in area, ecnmic, statistical, Orient everyne t the criteria Things the plicy must d Things the plicy must nt d Things the plicy culd d Brainstrm
Identifying Plicy Optins (cnt.) Initiate discussins abut ideas and recmmendatins All ideas and recmmendatins shuld be cmpiled frm each team member Each member is asked t briefly state ne item and present it Each member ranks all ptins using criteria fr evaluatin Assess risks assciated with each idea
Assessing Risks Identify: The risks are assciated with the ptin The sectrs the risk impacts Impact n sustainable develpment scial and ecnmic Cnsequences (negative and psitive) Chance f risk ccurring Ask: Can the plicy be amended t minimize the risk/cnsequences frm ccurring?
Example: St. Lucia Gal T decrease drug demand by prviding educatinal infrmatin t secndary schl students, their families and cmmunity members by cllabrating with key interest grups t prevent the initiatin f drug use and t teach skills training as it relates t drug abuse. Missin The missin f the Drug Reductin, Uniting Grups in St. Lucia (DRUGS) is t decrease drug demand thrugh educatin, skills training, rehabilitatin and empwerment in an effrt t create a drug free St. Lucia
Example: St. Lucia Objectives T cmbine tw vertically independent educatinal prgrammes, D.A.R.E St. Lucia and Health and Family Life Educatin int ne schl-based educatinal prgramme s as t maximize resurces and t prvide drug educatin t all secndary schl students in in St. Lucia T prvide drug educatin t adlescents between ten and nineteen years ld wh are nt currently in the secndary schl system thrugh cmmunity based yuth prgrammes T prvide cunseling services t high-risk students in all secndary schls in St. Lucia alng with jint cunseling services t bth the high risked students and their parents T fster a drug free schl envirnment T prvide drug educatin t parents f high-risk students thrugh hme visits T prvide parents with cunseling and ut-patient rehabilitatin services if required T prvide families f high-risk students the pprtunity fr emplyment and empwerment T facilitate cmmunity drug educatinal grups T prvide a natin-wide drug educatinal prgramme
Example: St. Lucia Strategic Prcess Schl-based prgramme: Cmbine D.A.R.E with HFLE Family-based prgramme: scial wrkers will be assigned t students identified as at-risk Cmmunity-based prgramme: Use yuth grups in peer t peer educatin
Output Example: St. Lucia Equip adlescent, their parents and the cmmunity with the knwledge n the cnsequences f using illicit drugs Change in behavir is expected amng the yuths bth in schls and in the cmmunity Imprve child-parent relatinship
Example: Grenada Missin/Gals T reduce alchl and drug use amng secndary students thrugh a cmprehensive crdinated apprach T imprve drug educatin and teaching effectiveness thrugh training T invlve yuth in their wn educatin
Example: Grenada Objectives T decrease prevalence f alchl cnsumptin by 5% by 2018 T decrease prevalence f marijuana use by 8% by 2018 T decrease the prevalence f cigarette smking by 2.5% by 2018. T prvide drug educatin training t at least 35% f secndary schl teachers T implement teen leaders in 50% f secndary schls
Example: Grenada Strategic Prcess 1. Prvide adequate training t educatrs and yuth t cnfrnt cultural views n drugs and alchl and empwer students t resist pressures 2. Build a successful cmmunity calitin thrugh the invlvement f NGOs and cmmunity grups which advcate fr healthy and drugfree lifestyles 3. Prmte crdinatin f existing services and resurces, and integratin f new curriculum cmpnents fr preventing drug use 4. Advcate fr changes in prgrams and plicies related t drug use and preventin in schls
Example: Grenada Output Imprve schl based educatin Outcmes - A reductin in the use f alchl, marijuana and cigarettes - An increase in parental mnitring f yuth, cncerning alchl and drug use - A decrease in schlrelated incidents f alchl r drug-induced miscnduct? - A decrease in the incidence f alchl and drug use
Impact Priritizing Optins: Criteria What is the magnitude, reach and distributin f benefit and burden What ppulatin will benefit What ppulatin will be negatively affected Are there gaps in the evidence base Feasibility Risks Hw likely will the plicy be implemented? Cnsider perceptin f cmmunity scial, educatinal and cultural perspectives What are the resurce, capacity and technical needs Hw much time is needed? Cst What are the risks Can they be minimized Adapted frm: CDC s Plicy Analytical Framewrk
Priritizatin Table 1 Plicy Optin Impact Feasibility Risk Standard Lw/Med/High Lw/Med/High Lw/Med/High Plicy 1 Plicy 2 Plicy 3
Priritizatin Table: Weighted Scre Optin Mag Serius Risks Stakehlder Resurces Ttal Optin A Optin B Optin C
Criteria fr Priritizatin Variable 2 pints 1 pint 0 pints magnitude f reach Seriusness High Medium Lw Very serius/critical Fairly serius Risks Easy t reslve Difficult t reslve Stakehlder attitude Availability f resurces Nt critical/lw imprtance Very difficult t reslve Slutin wanted Slutin accepted Slutin nt accepted Available internally Available in ther areas Need t mbile external resurces Other cnsideratins: Mandate, internatinal agreement, leadership, wh is wrking n tpic
Priritizatin Table: Weighted Scre Optin Mag Serius Risks Stakehlder Resurces Ttal Optin A Optin B Optin C
Cnclusin Situatinal Analysis Develp Optins Priritize Plicy Optins Directin/ACT!!!!!
Questins?