Zugspitze Solar FTIR: NDSC Primary-Status Instrument cm-1 resolution (OPD = 486 cm) Bruker IFS120HR FT-spectrometer

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Zugspitze Solar FTIR: NDSC Primary-Status Instrument 0.00186 cm-1 resolution (OPD = 486 cm) Bruker IFS120HR FT-spectrometer SFIT1.09e/2.38 FASCATM 2.03 raytracing

SCIAMACHY Validation by FTIR at Zugspitze: Schedule, Activity Species: CO, CH4, N2O, O3, NO2 Contract-Committment: Commissioning Phase: Intense measurement phase between L+3 and L+6; measurement intensity: two weeks per month; columns be made available within 45 days. Main validation phase: Intense measurement phase between L + 6 and L + 18 months; measurement intensity: one week per month; columns will be made available within 90 days. Long-term validation phase: L+18 project end: Routine operation (once a week). We did much more: permanent 4 weeks per month operation on all clear sky days 5.5 months Commissioning Phase : including weekends 15 July - 31 Dec 2002: 60 Measurement days at Zugspitze within first 5.5 months. Main validation phase: 15 July 2002 1 July 2003: 127 measurement days within first 11.5 months. All retrievals have been submitted to Cal/Val database Long-term validation phase: 15 July 2002 15 Oct 2004: 278 measurement days within 27 months = 2.3 measurement days / week.

Zugspitze FTIR: Relative Activity during Commissioning (15 Jul 1 Dec 2002) Measurement Days 15 Jul 1 Dec 02 Data submitted to the Cal/Val data base 15 Jul 1 Dec 02 Lauder Zugspitze Wollongong 60 Jungfraujoch Kiruna Izana 40 20 0 Arrival Heights Egbert Harestua Ny Alesund Kitt Peak Proc. ESA-ACVE1 Meeting, Dec 2002

Permanent Ground Truthing Facility Zugspitze/Garmisch according to the WMO requirements. Validation of and Synergistic use with Satellite Measurements MAPS, MOPITT, SAGE, ENVISAT Selected by EUMETSAT as European Site for operational AIRS/IASI Validation FTIR In situ IFU GPS 2964 m Zugspitze UV LIDAR IFU Radio sondes IFU LIDAR Example: 2002 AIRSVAL Campaign 3-months-7-days-a-week operation data delivery twice a day within 12 h FTIR IFU Garmisch GPS UV In situ 734 m

Zugspitze FTIR: Quality control/intercomparison (taken from Report Form 2003 ): Name, date, and location of last intercomparison and/or validation: 1996 intercomparison with Jungfraujoch: coincident measurements and independent analyses of HF, HCl. Agreement within 2 per cent In 2001 evaluation of the Zugspitze time series since 1995 of HCl and ClONO2, and comparison to the Jungfraujoch series; showed very good overall agreement! In spring 2003 comparison of the Zugspitze time series (1996-2002) of CO to the Jungfraujoch series; showed very good overall agreement! Intense 3 months water vapor validation campaign at Zugspitze (mid Aug mid Nov 2002) with permanent FTIR water vapor measurements compared to 4 radio sondes launched on site daily and permanent GPS water column measurements on site. Very good agreement of FTIR to sonde columns within a few per cent! Detailed FTIR validation study also relative to GPS measurements under way.

Zugspitze FTIR: Quality control/intercomparison Example CO Yurganov, et al., J. Geophys. Res. 109, 2004

Zugspitze FTIR: Quality control/intercomparison Zugspitze (2964 m) Total Column + also done for all other species! 4,7E+18 Jungfraujoch (3580 m) Total Column 4,6E+18 Zugspitze Partial Column above 3580 m 4,5E+18 4,4E+18 Column (cm-2) Example N2O 4,3E+18 4,2E+18 4,1E+18 4,0E+18 3,9E+18 3,8E+18 939,000 939,200 939,400 939,600 939,800 940,000 MJD2000 940,200 940,400 940,600 940,800

Ozone Operational NRT Product - July 2003: FTIR versus SCIA DOAS0 (UV) 1,4E+19 SCIA: Daily average of all pixels within 500-km radius Version 3.51 Version 3.52 Total Column (cm-2) FTIR: Individual measurements (15-min integr.) FTIR Zugspitze Column 1,2E+19 Version 3.53 Version 4.00 Version 4.01 1,0E+19 8,0E+18 6,0E+18 4,0E+18 Jul 02 Aug 02 Okt 02 Nov 02 Jan 03 Mrz 03 Apr 03 Jun 03 Time of year 2002/03

Ozone Operational Product - April 2004: FTIR versus SCIA Master Set Total Column (cm-2) 1.1E+19 1.0E+19 9.0E+18 8.0E+18 7.0E+18 6.0E+18 Zugspitze FTIR: individual measurements 5.0E+18 SCIA Master Set DOAS_0; individ. pixels within 500 km 4.0E+18 Jul-02 Aug-02 Sep-02 Oct-02 Oct-02 Nov-02 Dec-02

Ozone Operational Dec 2004: FTIR versus SCIA Master Set and Reprocessing 1.3E+19 SCIA Master Set; averages of pixels within 500 km Total Column (cm-2) 1.2E+19 1.1E+19 Zugspitze FTIR daily averages 1.0E+19 9.0E+18 SCIA Reprocessing; averages of pixels within 500 km 8.0E+18 7.0E+18 6.0E+18 5.0E+18 Jul-02 Oct-02 Feb-03 Jun-03 Oct-03 Feb-04 Jun-04 Oct-04

O3 Column Scaling Factor: FTIR = (SCIA Master Set, Reprocessing) * 0.95(±0.01) 1.3E+19 SCIA Master Set; averages of pixels within 500 km Total Column (cm-2) 1.2E+19 1.1E+19 Zugspitze FTIR daily averages 1.0E+19 9.0E+18 SCIA Reprocessing; averages of pixels within 500 km 8.0E+18 7.0E+18 6.0E+18 5.0E+18 Jul-02 Oct-02 Feb-03 Jun-03 Oct-03 Feb-04 Jun-04 Oct-04

NO2 Operational NRT Product July 2003: FTIR versus SCIA DOAS1 (vis) 1,8E+16 SCIA: Daily average of all pixels within 500-km radius Total Column (cm-2) FTIR: Individual measurements (15-min integr.) FTIR Zugspitze Column Version 3.51 Version 3.52 Version 3.53 Version 4.00 Version 4.01 1,6E+16 1,4E+16 1,2E+16 1,0E+16 8,0E+15 6,0E+15 4,0E+15 2,0E+15 0,0E+00 Jul 02 Aug 02 Okt 02 Nov 02 Jan 03 Mrz 03 Apr 03 Jun 03 Time of year 2002/03

NO2 Scientific Product UB 1.0 July 2003: FTIR versus UB 1.0 Total Column (cm-2) 1.2E+16 Zugspitze FTIR individ. measurements (15-min integration) 1.0E+16 8.0E+15 SCIA Scientif. UB1.0; individ. pixels within 200 km 6.0E+15 4.0E+15 2.0E+15 0.0E+00 Jul-02 Aug-02 Oct-02 Dec-02 Feb-03 Apr-03 Jun-03

NO2 Scientific Prod. UB1.0: Pollution episodes removed from satellite data Total Column (cm-2) 1.0E+16 Zugspitze FTIR individ. measurements (15-min integration) 8.0E+15 SCIA Scientif. UB1.0; individ. pixels within 200 km 6.0E+15 4.0E+15 2.0E+15 0.0E+00 Jul-02 Aug-02 Oct-02 Dec-02 Feb-03 Apr-03 Jun-03

NO2 Column Scaling Factor: FTIR = SCIA UB 1.0 * 1.30(±0.02) Total Column (cm-2) 1.0E+16 Zugspitze FTIR individ. measurements (15-min integration) 8.0E+15 6.0E+15 SCIA Scientif. UB1.0; individ. pixels within 200 km 4.0E+15 2.0E+15 0.0E+00 Jul-02 Aug-02 Oct-02 Dec-02 Feb-03 Apr-03 Jun-03

NO2 Scientific 2004: FTIR versus UB 1.5 (1E+15 slant col. added) and UB 1.0 Zugspitze FTIR individ. measurements (15min integr.) Total Column (cm-2) 1.2E+16 1.0E+16 SCIA Scientif. UB1.0; individ. pixels within 200 km 8.0E+15 6.0E+15 SCIA Scientif. UB1.5; individ. pixels within 200 km 4.0E+15 2.0E+15 0.0E+00 Jul-02 Oct-02 Feb-03 Jun-03 Oct-03 Feb-04 Jun-04 Oct-04

2nd NO2 Column Scaling Factor: FTIR = SCIA UB 1.5 * 1.20(±0.02) Zugspitze FTIR individ. measurements (15-min integr.) Total Column (cm-2) 9.0E+15 7.0E+15 SCIA Scientif. UB1.5; individ. pixels within 200 km 5.0E+15 3.0E+15 1.0E+15 Jul-02 Oct-02 Feb-03 Jun-03 Oct-03 Jan-04 May-04 Sep-04

NO2 Operational Product - 2004: Master Set, Reprocessing versus UB 1.5, FTIR Zugspitze FTIR individ. measurements (15-min integr.) Total Column (cm-2) 1.2E+16 SCIA Scientif. UB1.5 1.0E+16 8.0E+15 SCIA Master Set (DOAS_1) 6.0E+15 4.0E+15 2.0E+15 0.0E+00 Jul-02 Oct-02 Feb-03 May-03 Sep-03 Jan-04 Apr-04 Aug-04 SCIA Reprocessing; Download of 2 Dec-04 (DOAS_1)

NO2 Operational Product - 2004: Master Set, Reprocessing versus UB 1.5, FTIR Zugspitze FTIR individ. measurements (15-min integr.) Total Column (cm-2) 9.0E+15 7.0E+15 SCIA Scientif. UB1.5 5.0E+15 SCIA Master Set (DOAS_1) 3.0E+15 1.0E+15 Jul-02 Aug-02 Sep-02 Oct-02 Nov-02 Dec-02 Jan-03 Feb-03 SCIA Reprocessing; Download of 2 Dec-04 (DOAS_1)

NO2 Operational Product - Wrong Annual Cycle: Role of Solar Zenith Agle 80 SZA("TOA") (deg) 70 60 50 40 30 20 Jun-02 Jul-02 Aug-02 Sep-02 Sep-02 Oct-02 Nov-02 Dec-02

NO2 Operational Product - Wrong Annual Cycle: Zenith Angle Dependence 9.E+15 NO2 Column (cm-2) 62 deg = 28 Oct-02 SCIA Master Set, columns within 200 km 8.E+15 7.E+15 6.E+15 5.E+15 4.E+15 3.E+15 2.E+15 1.E+15 20 30 40 50 SZA (deg) 60 70 80

CO Operational NRT Product Versions July-2003: FTIR versus SCIA BIAS2 (NIR) SCIA: Daily average of all pixels within 500-km radius 2,0E+18 Vertical Column (cm-2) FTIR: Individual measurements (15-min integr.) 1,6E+18 FTIR Zugspitze Column version 3.51 version 3.52 data out of this scale version 3.53 version 4.00 version 4.01 1,2E+18 8,0E+17 4,0E+17 0,0E+00 Jul 02 Aug 02 Okt 02 Nov 02 Jan 03 Mrz 03 Apr 03 Jun 03 Time of year 2002/03

CO Scientif. WFMD v0.4 Prod.: FTIR versus WFMD Averaging Kernels 0 100 200 Pressure (hpa) 300 400 500 SCIA SZA=60 600 SCIA SZA=70 700 800 FTIR SZA=60 FTIR SZA=70 Uniform Sampling 900 1000 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 CO Total Column Averaging Kernel

CO WFMD v0.4: FTIR indiv. measurements versus WFMD indiv. pixels <500 km WFMD data for 33 days Jan Oct 2003 Zugspitze FTIR: Anomaly of pressure corrected CO columns, individ. measurements, 20 min integr. 9.00 7.00 Column anomaly 5.00 SCIA_WFMD_v0.4: CO/O2 columns anomaly, individ. pixels within 500 km; includ. cloud contaminated pixels (69 %) 3.00 1.00 Dec-02-1.00 Feb-03 Apr-03-3.00 Jul-03 Sep-03 SCIA_WFMD_v0.4: CO/O2 Nov-03 columns anomaly, individ. pixels within 500 km; cloud flagged pixels removed -5.00-7.00

CO WFMD v0.4: FTIR daily averages versus WFMD pixel averages <2000 km 36.00 Zugspitze FTIR CO column anomaly: daily means of pressure corrected columns 31.00 Column anomaly 26.00 SCIA_WFMD_v0.4 CO/O2 column anomaly: average of pixels within 2000 km; cloud contaminated pixels removed 21.00 16.00 11.00 6.00 1.00 Dec-02-4.00 Feb-03 Apr-03 Jul-03 Sep-03 Nov-03 Feb-04

CO WFMD v0.4: FTIR daily averages versus WFMD pixel averages <2000 km 2.00 Zugspitze FTIR CO column anomaly: daily means of pressure corrected columns 1.80 Column anomaly 1.60 1.40 1.20 SCIA_WFMD_v0.4 CO/O2 column anomaly: average of pixels within 2000 km; cloud contaminated pixels removed 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 Dec-02 Feb-03 Apr-03 Jul-03 Sep-03 Nov-03 Feb-04

CO WFMD v0.4: FTIR daily averages versus WFMD pixel averages <2000 km 2.00 Zugspitze FTIR CO column anomaly: daily means of pressure corrected columns 1.80 Column anomaly 1.60 1.40 1.20 SCIA_WFMD_v0.4 CO/O2 column anomaly: average of pixels within 2000 km; cloud contaminated pixels removed 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 Dec-02 Feb-03 Apr-03 Jul-03 Sep-03 Nov-03 Feb-04

CO WFMD v0.4: Linear Response to Annual Cycle? Zugspitze FTIR SCIA 2000 km SCIA 1000 km SCIA 1000 km incl. clds Slope Slope error R -9.5E-4-1.2E-3-6.4E-4-4.4E-4 9.8E-5 4.9E-4 5.9E-4 4.3E-4-0.70-0.43-0.21-0.18

CO WFMD Sep-04 Add-Release : Data Set increased from 33 Days to 153 Days 2.0 Zugspitze FTIR CO column anomaly: daily means of pressure corrected columns 1.8 Column anomaly 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 SCIA_WFMD_v0.4 CO, release Sep05; ground altitude corr. with barometr. eq.; column anomaly: average of pixels within 1000 km; cloud contaminated pixels removed; retrieval error < 60 % 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Dec-02 Feb-03 Apr-03 Jul-03 Sep-03 Nov-03 Feb-04

CO Day-to-Day Scatter: STDV FTIR = 7.3 % STDV SCIA WFMD v0.4 = 25.4 % 2.0 Zugspitze FTIR CO column anomaly: daily means of pressure corrected columns 1.8 Column anomaly 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 SCIA_WFMD_v0.4 CO, release Sep05; ground altitude corr. with barometr. eq.; column anomaly: average of pixels within 1000 km; cloud contaminated pixels removed; retrieval error < 60 % 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Dec-02 Feb-03 Apr-03 Jul-03 Sep-03 Nov-03 Feb-04

Total Column Corr. to Sea Level (cm-2) CO Column Scaling Factor: Zugspitze FTIR = SCIA WFMD v0.4 * 0.78(± 0.06) 5.0E+18 Zugspitze FTIR columns (daily means) corrected to sea level by barometr. eq. 4.0E+18 3.0E+18 SCIA columns averaged within 1000 km; corrected to sea level by barometr. eq. 2.0E+18 1.0E+18 0.0E+00 Dec-02 Feb-03 Apr-03 Jul-03 Sep-03 Nov-03 Feb-04

N2O Operational NRT Product July-2003: FTIR versus SCIA BIAS1 (NIR) FTIR Zugspitze Column version 3.51 + 3.52 not plotted (negative VMR s) version 4.00 FTIR: Individual measurements (15-min integr.) Total Column (cm-2) SCIA: Individual pixels within 500-km radius 5,0E+18 version 4.01 4,0E+18 3,0E+18 2,0E+18 1,0E+18 1,0E+00 Jul 02 Aug 02 Okt 02 Nov 02 Jan 03 Mrz 03 Apr 03 Jun 03 Time of year 2002/03

N2O Scientif. WFMD v0.4: FTIR versus WFMD < ±2000 km latitudinal band 1.40 Zugspitze FTIR N2O column anomaly: daily means of pressure corrected columns Column anomaly 1.30 1.20 SCIA_WFMD_v0.4 N2O/O2 column anomaly: average of pixels within a latitudinal band +- 2000 km; cloud contaminated pixels removed; retrieval error <100 % 1.10 1.00 0.90 0.80 Dec-02 Mar-03 May-03 Aug-03 Nov-03

CH4 Operational NRT Prod. Versions July-2003: FTIR versus SCIA BIAS2 (NIR) FTIR Zugspitze Column Version 3.52 Version 3.51 Version 3.53 Version 4.00 Version 4.01 1,0E+22 SCIA: Daily average of all pixels within 500-km radius Total Column (cm-2) FTIR: Individual measurements (15-min integr.) 1,0E+21 1,0E+20 1,0E+19 Jul 02 Aug 02 Okt 02 Nov 02 Jan 03 Mrz 03 Apr 03 Jun 03 Time of year 2002/03

XCH4 WFMD Product: FTIR versus WFMD v0.4 and WFMD v0.41 Column anomaly 1.40 Zugspitze FTIR 1.30 SCIAMACHY v0.41 1.20 SCIAMACHY v.0.4 1.10 decontamination phase (start/end) 1.00 pixel averages within 2000 km; retrieval error < 10 % 0.90 0.80 Dec-02 Mar-03 May-03 Aug-03 Nov-03

SCIAMACHY Validation by Zugspitze FTIR: CONCLUSIONS AS TO 7-DEC-2004 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Operational total ozone (Master Set plus Reprocessing) shows good pixel-to-pixel reproducabilitiy and a realistic day-to-day scatter (pixel average within 500 km) comparable to the ground FTIR. Column scaling factor: Zugspitze FTIR = SCIA * 0.95(±0.01). Operational total NO2 (Master Set plus Reprocessing) shows serious difficulties in monitoring the annual cycle (fall-winter decrease) above Zugspitze. Scientific total NO2 (UB 1.0, 1.5) perfectly monitors the annual cycle. It shows a realistic day-to-day scatter (200-km selection radius) after exclusion of pollution episodes. The column scaling factor (UB 1.5) is: Zugspitze FTIR = SCIA * 1.20(±0.02). Scientific WFMD CO v0.4 shows a day-to-day scatter that is too high by a factor of 3.5 compared to the ground FTIR for a 1000-km selection radius. Higher selection radii are required to reflect the CO annual cycle in terms of a linear response. In the September2003 Release an unrealistic enhancement around Jul-2003 shows up. Column scaling factor is: FTIR = SCIA * 0.78(±0.06). WFMD N2O v0.4 day-to-day scatter is too high by a factor 10 even for averaging all pixels within a ±2000-km latitudinal band. WFMD XCH4 has shown a quality break-though from v0.4 to v.0.41 (time dependent correction, ice issue). However, systematic ice features still dominate over the day-to-day scatter for a 2000-km selection radius, thus masking the CH4 annual cycle.

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