Agricultural Innovation Sustainable Transformation of innovation in agriculture sector is called development. Agriculture Sector Development means market expansion and poverty alleviation of 70% population of Pakistan by providing food security to 200 Million people.
INNOVATIONS IN AGRICULTURE BY PRIVATE SECTOR SEED DEVELOPMENT GM TRANSFORMATION FERTILIZER USE AND PRODUCTION CROP PROTECTION CROP PRODUCTION TEXTILE, SUGAR, RICE & OIL MILLS FARM MACHINERY VALUE ADDITION
SEED DEVELOPMENT
SEED DEVELOPMENT BEFORE 1994 THE SEED WAS IN PUBLIC SECTOR PROVIDING CERTIFIED SEEDS TO LIMITED AREA. IN 1994 THE PRIVATE SECTOR CAME IN AND TOOK THE RESPONSIBILITY OF MULTIPLYING THE SEED OF APPROVED VARIETIES AND ENSURED THE SUPPLY TO FARMERS AS CERTIFIED SEEDS. TODAY MORE THAN 100 SEED COMPANIES ARE SERIOUSLY INVOLVED IN PRODUCTION OF CERTIFIED OP,HYBRID AND GMO SEEDS. RESULTANTLY CROPS STAND IMPROVED AND YEILD INCRESED ON MAJOR CROPS.
Production (000 bales) Yield (Kg/ha) COTTON PRODUCTION PATTERN PAKISTAN Area (000 ha) Production (000 bales) Lint Yield (Kgs/ha) 15000 14500 14000 13500 13000 12500 12000 11500 11000 10500 10000 9500 9000 8500 8000 7500 7000 6500 6000 5500 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 900 850 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Source: Bureau of Statistics Govt. of Pakistan
PRODUCTION OF WHEAT 30000 Production of Wheat PROD. (000 Ton) 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 Source: Bureau of Statistics Govt. of Pakistan
PRODUCTION OF RICE per hector 8000 Production of Rice PROD. (000 Ton) 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Source: Bureau of Statistics Govt. of Pakistan
PRODUCTION OF MAIZE 5000 Production of Maize PROD. (000 Ton) 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Source: Bureau of Statistics Govt. of Pakistan
PRODUCTION OF SUGARCANE 70000 Production of Sugarcane PROD. (000 Ton) 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 Source: Bureau of Statistics Govt. of Pakistan
FERTILIZER
FERTILIZER BEFORE PRIVATIZATION THE USE OF FERTILIZER WAS LIMITED AND EMPHASIS WAS ON NITROGENOUS FERTILIZERS. THE PRIVATE SECTOR POPULARIZED THE USE OF BALANCED FERTILIZER INCLUDING PHOSPHATIC AND POTASH AS WELL. THE USE OF FERTILIZER INCREASED MANY FOLDS AND PRODUCTION OF CROPS INCREASED SIMULTANEOUSLY. THE PRIVATE SECTOR INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME THE USE OF MICRO NUTRIENTS IN2004 TO MEET THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF PLANTS TO GET HIGHER YIELD.
FERTILIZER CONSUMPTION 3500 Nirogen 000 MT Phosphorus 000MT 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1981 1985 1990 2000 2012 Source: Bureau of Statistics Govt. of Pakistan
MICRO FERTILIZERS INDUSTRY THE USE OF MICRO FERTILIZERS IN CROP AND HORTICULTURE FRUITS STARTED IN 2004. THE PRIVATE SECTOR RIGHTLY IDENTIFIED THE DEFICIENCIES OF OM, ZINC, BORON AND FERROUS IN OUR SOILS. SOLUTIONS WERE PROVIDED TO FARMERS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY AND YIELD OF FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND FIELD CROPS. RESULTANTLY QUALITY PRODUCTION INCREASED.
CROP PROTECTION
CROP PROTECTION BEFORE PRIVATIZATION OF PESTICIDE IMPORTS IN 1985,THE TOTAL AREA UNDER PLANT PROTECTION WAS ONLY 16% OF COTTON. WITH THE INDUCTION OF PRIVATE SECTOR THE SPRAYED AREAS ENHANCED TO ALMOST 100% IN MAJOR CROPS AND INCREASED THE YIELD. BEFORE PRIVATIZATION THE YIELD OF COTTON WAS 700 KG/ HECTARE. AFTER PRIVATIZATION THE YIELD INCREASED IN THREE YEARS PERIOD TO 1800 KG/HECTARE WHICH IS NOW 2600 KG/HECTARE. OUR PROGRESSIVE FARMERS ARE TAKING 4000KG/HECTARE TO 7000KG/HECTARE. THIS IS THE REAL POTENTIAL PROVIDED BY PRIVATE SECTOR TO FARMERS IN COTTON CROP.
CROP PROTECTION 125 FORMULATION PLANTS FOR PESTICIDES, HERBICIDE, GRANULES WERE ESTABLISHED BY THE PRIVATE SECTOR. ONE MANUFACTURING PLANT OF PESTICIDE FOR THE FIRST TIME ESTABLISHED IN PRIVATE SECTOR IN 2006. TODAY 125 COMPANIES ARE ACTIVELY INVOLVED IN DIRECT PESTICIDES SALE.
IMPORTS OF PESTICIDES BY PRIVATE SECTOR IN PAKISTAN
CROP PRODUCTION
CROP PRODUCTION THE PRIVATE SECTOR INTRODUCED HYBRID SEED OF COTTON,RICE,MAIZE,SUNFLOWER,CANOLA AND VEGETABLES. MANY COMPANIES HAVE STARTED R&D PROGRAM TO DEVELOP NEW VARIETIES. TODAY MAJOR COTTON VARIETIES PLANTED BOTH IN PUNJAB AND SINDH ARE FROM THE PRIVATE SECTOR (SOME FARMERS ARE CLAIMING AS HIGH AS MORE THAN 8.00MT OF COTTON, 12.00 MT OF RICE, 10.00 MT OF MAIZE, 100.00 MT OF SUGAR CANE per hectare AND SO ON.). SIMILAR BREAKTHROUGH HAS BEEN MADE IN VEGETABLES. OIL SEED CROPS LIKE SUNFLOWER AND CANOLA PRODUCTION IS ALL DUE TO PRIVATE SECTOR.
CROP PRODUCTION TUNNEL FARMING INNOVATED BY PRIVATE SECTOR HAS BEEN ADOPTED BY MANY FARMERS. DUE TO TUNNEL FARMING VEGETABLES ARE AVAILABLE THROUGH OUT THE YEAR. FARM INCOME INCREASED MANY FOLDS.
CROP PRODUCTION PRIVATE SECTOR INNOVATIONS INCREASED THE PRODUCTION OF COTTON AND NOW PAKISTAN IS FOURTH LARGEST PRODUCER OF COTTON BY PRODUCING 15 MILLION BALES IN 2014. TODAY PAKISTAN IS LARGEST EXPORTER OF YARN. THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE EARNING FROM COTTON INCREASED FROM FOUR BILLION DOLLAR TO FIFTEEN BILLION DOLLAR DUE TO VALUE ADDITION.
FARM MACHINERY
FARM MACHINERY THE PRIVATE SECTOR ACCEPTING THE CHALLENGES OF CROP PRODUCTION HAS INTRODUCED PLANTERS FOR SOWING, HARVESTING MACHINES AND PROCESSING MACHINES, LIKE THRESHERS. RECENTLY MAIZE HARVESTERS WERE INTRODUCED ALONG WITH SILAGE MACHINES WHICH NOT ONLY HARVEST THE CROP BUT ALSO CHOP THEM INTO SUITABLE SIZE FOR SILAGE. THE DEVELOPMENT OF WHEAT THRESHER IS ONE OF THE BEST EFFORTS OF OUR ENGINEERS AND MECHANICS. DUE TO THESE MACHINES THE CROP HARVESTING HAS BEEN EXPEDITED AND SAVED THE PRODUCE FROM WEATHERING DEMAGES.
FARM MACHINERY PLANT PROTECTION MACHINERY WAS DEVELOPED ACCORDING TO THE NEEDS OF THE FARMERS. HAND SPRAYERS FOR SMALL FARMERS AND TRACTOR MOUNTED SPRAYERS FOR LARGE FARMERS. BOOM SPRAYERS FOR ORCHARDS WERE DEVELOPED. SIMILARLY SUGAR CANE PLANTERS, POTATO SEEDER, FERTILIZER BROADCASTERS WERE ALL DEVELOPED LOCALLY BY THE PRIVATE SECTOR ON THE REQUIREMENT OF FARMERS.
TEXTILE INDUSTRY MORE THAN 500 UNITS OF TEXTILE. YARNS, GRAY CLOTH MAIN PRODUCTS GARMENT MANUFACTURING EMPLOYMENT IN MILLIONS
TEXTILE INDUSTRIAL GROWTH Period Units Spindles (000) 1948 3 78 1958 70 1,569 1968 95 2,048 1978 184 3,729 1988 247 4,853 1998 442 8,392 2008 521 11,280 2013 526 11,946 Source: APTMA
Total Expenditure on Agriculture Agricultural Expenditure COUNTRY Value (USD Million) CHINA 113,040.00 U.S.A 27,100.00 INDIA 19,271.00 FRANCE 10,606.00 AUSTRALIA 4,922.00 EGYPT 1,879.00 PAKISTAN 487.00 Value (USD Million) Value (USD Million) Value (USD Million) Value (USD Million) Value (USD Million) Value (USD Million) Value (USD Million) CHINA U.S.A INDIA FRANCEAUSTRALIA EGYPT PAKISTAN Source: FAO STAT 2012
INTERVENTION FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE CAPACITY BUILDING OF PUBLIC SECTOR TO PLAY A ROLE OF REGULATOR. PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES TO PRIVATE SECTOR TO INVEST FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE. GOVT. SHOULD SUPPORT AGRICULTURE SECTOR TO ALLIVIATE POVERTY OF 70% POPULATION. THE DUTY AND TAXES ON AGRI INPUTS SHOULD BE IN LINE WITH THE NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES WHICH DIRECTLY INFLUENCE THE MARKET PRICE OF EVERY CROP.
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