WTD WASTE TO (BIO)DIESEL A self-sustaining waste management system
CONTENTS The Idea Technological aspects of the Idea and state-of-the-art Survey LIFE programme Way forward Case study 2
The idea Oxygen Power Station to Grid Gasification Syngas Block Slag Chemicals (Syngas to DME) DME An innovative MSW management concept Waste Garbage Trucks Gasification of non-recyclable waste, clean syngas to produce Methanol, Methanol to DME, the same DME used for Garbage Trucks and public transport 3
The idea Through commercial technologies DME as fuel is becoming of increasing interest because it delivers diesel-like performance with propane-like handling Volvo Trucks commercializes DME-powered heavy-duty commercial vehicles since 2013 California Department of Food and Agriculture has approved specifications for DME as fuel in compression ignition engines at the beginning of this year 4
The targets Use of a cleaner diesel which easily meets the more stringent limits on emissions Limit incineration to non-recyclable materials Limit landfilling to non-recyclable and non-recoverable waste Adopt a closed MSW disposal system which can be considered self-sustaining from energy point of view Give value to non-recyclable and non-recoverable waste Reduce the cost for the citizens for MSW disposal 5
Gasification vs Incineration Incineration burns MSW to create energy, gasification uses extreme heat to break down the MSW to its molecular constituents The gasification is much more efficient, ca 1,0 MWh/tonne against 0,65 MWh/tonne (+54%) The raw syngas clean-up is easier and more efficient, allowing removal of heavy metals such as mercury which are a known hazard of waste incineration The slag from the gasifier is also usable in cement, roof shingles, sandblasting or as a filler in road surfacing 6
Plasma Gasification Key feature: the very high temperature -> NO TAR The heat is provided by the plasma torch systems Wide range of feedstocks, interesting for: MSW Organic waste Medical waste Hazmat material Ecologically clean 7
Some example The Tees Valley Plants The world s largest renewable energy plants (2x) 350,000 t/a plant at Billingham in the UK using O 2 plasma gasification supplied by AlterNRG using non recyclable residual waste An approximate capacity of (2x) 50 MW e In close proximity to landfill disposal facilities Has the potential to generate a wide range of useful products, including heat, hydrogen, chemicals and fuels (2x) 500 MM$ plant; (2x) 1 000 tpd; 20 y operation; Startup within 2015 Government subsidy regime for April 2013 to 2017 Anaerobic digestion plant will be build close 8
Some example The Tees Valley Plants The Tees Valley gasifier: 204 tonne gasifier 25 metre long 9-metre wide 9
Others Gasification technologies Nippon Steel 10
Others Gasification technologies Nippon Steel 11
Others Gasification technologies Edmonton s Waste to Biofuels and Chemicals (Canada) It will convert 140,000 t/y of MSW into 38 MM lt/y of biofuels and chemicals Help Alberta to reduce its GHG emissions because wastebased biofuels can reduce GHG emissions by more than 60% when compared with fossil fuel production and landfill operations Under Construction The 131MM$ project includes the feedstock prep facility, a commercial plant, and the Energy Research facility 12
Others Gasification technologies Enerkem Technology 13
Focus on Effluents IGCC or gas engine application: syngas is cleaned up to a specification similar to NG Emissions from this sort of plant will be very similar to a NG PP Vitrified slag is considered inert and does not contaminate soil or drinking water 14
Focus on Effluents Comparison between Plasma-based IGCC and Incineration Plasma Gasification Incineration NOx < 36 ppmvd 110 205 ppmvd SO 2 < 1.05 ppmvd 26-29 ppmvd Hg < 1.4 mg/dscm 28 80 mg/dscm Dioxins and Furans HT + O 2 starved + rapid cooling with quench (prevention means) right conditions for the formation 15
LIFE Programme LIFE is the European Programme for the Environment and Climate Action, for the period from 1 January 2014 until 31 December 2020 The LIFE Programme is structured in two sub-programmes: the sub-programme for environment and the sub-programme for climate action The sub-programme for environment covers three priority areas: Environment and Resource Efficiency Nature and Biodiversity Environmental Governance and Information 16
LIFE Programme The first LIFE Multiannual Work Programme covering the period 2014-2017 foresees a budget of EUR 1.35 Billion for the subprogramme for environment During the period 2014-2020, the Contracting Authority will launch one call for LIFE project proposals per year LIFE projects shall take place in the EU Member States Roadmap 2050 project: investigate feasibility of achieving at least an 80% reduction in GHG emissions by 2050, while maintaining economic growth and prosperity 17
LIFE Environment and Resource Efficiency Annex III of the LIFE Regulation describes the thematic priorities for each of the following five sectors: Thematic priorities for Water, including the marine environment Thematic priorities for Waste Thematic priorities for Resource Efficiency, including soil and forests, and green and circular economy Thematic priorities for Environment and Health, including chemicals and noise Thematic priorities for Air quality and emissions, including urban environment Waste, aim at reaching the following overall goals by 2020: to reduce waste generated to maximize recycling and re-use to limit incineration to non-recyclable materials and to limit landfilling to non-recyclable and non-recoverable waste 18
LIFE key features The maximum EU co-financing rate for traditional LIFE projects is 60% of the total eligible project costs There is no fixed minimum size for project budgets. While large ambitious projects (i.e. over 5,000,000 Euro total costs) have been financed several times in the past, small projects (i.e. below 500,000 Euro total costs) have seldom succeeded due to the limited output and consequently the low added value The coordinating beneficiary and any associated beneficiaries are expected to provide a reasonable financial contribution to the project budget. A beneficiary's financial contribution is considered as a proof of its commitment Most projects last for 2-5 years 19
LIFE Participants A proposal may be submitted by any legal person registered in the EU Once a proposal has been accepted for co-funding, the applicant will become the coordinating beneficiary who is responsible for ensuring the implementation of the project Associated beneficiary, may be legally registered outside the EU, must contribute technically to the proposal and hence be responsible for the implementation of one or several project actions. An associated beneficiary must also contribute financially to the project A project co-financier only contributes to the project with financial resources, has no technical responsibilities Project proposals involving business-sector co-financing will be favourably considered during the evaluation process 20
LIFE Projects Funded 1/3 DEMONSTRATION OF KDV TECH (España): First Implementation Of A New Waste Recovery Technology Converting the MSW from a representative Urban Region Into Synthetic Diesel Fuel Total budget: 4.87 MM EU contribution: 2.34 MM catalytic de-polymerisation technology to convert mixed biodegradable MSW (i.e. the non-recyclable fraction) into a synthetic diesel a demonstration plant that uses a technology capable of converting non usable organic waste fractions (from Urban Solid Waste) into a synthetic diesel fuel perfectly interchangeable with conventional diesel a progressive strategy in three stages to achieve the necessary modifications to an existing pilot plant capacity of 30 000 t/y of mixed biodegradable waste LIFE 2009 21
LIFE Projects Funded 2/3 ENERGY-WASTE (Ellas): Energy exploitation of non-recyclable urban waste in a sustainable waste-to-energy market Total budget: 2.0 MM EU contribution: 0.9 MM Mechanical treatment of the residual urban waste towards the production of RDF/SRF Gasification of the classified RDF/SRF to produce a combustible gas potentially used in the existing biogas collection network for electricity generation Development of a pilot unit aiming to set an example for further applications in different cities and municipalities Located in EPANA s recycling factory, which has a capacity of 100 000 ton/yr 22
LIFE Projects Funded 3/3 LIFE COGENERATION PL (Poland Polska): Demo installation for electricity/heat COGENERATION with gasification of fuel based on municipal waste and sewage sludge Total budget: 3.83 MM EU contribution: 1.8 MM Gasification process and a highly efficient system for the production (cogeneration) of electricity and heat fuel preparation, gasification, syngas purification, syngas combustion, the production of electricity and heat, and exhaust gases purification capacity of 300 kg/h, equivalent to 1.3 MW th LIFE 2012 23
NER300 programme The one of the world s largest funding programmes for innovative low-carbon energy demonstration projects UPM Stracel BTL project: pressurized oxygen-blown BFB gasifiers of 3 000 tpd (434 MW th ) has been funded by EU through NER300 to produce FT products, 170 MM Bio2G project: pressurized oxygen-blown BFB gasifiers of 300 MW th has been funded by EU through NER300 to produce SNG, 203.7 MM Ajos BTL: two gasifier EF type of 160 MW th will be funded by EU through NER300 to produce FT products, 88.5 MM Woodspirit Biomethanol: EF gasifiers of 1.5 MMtpd (260 000 MW th ) is under development to produce 413 000 t/a of methanol, 199 MM 24
Way Forward Partner 1 leader in sorting, recovery and recycling waste coming from differentiated urban collection know-how in waste treatment and already present in the italian waste business Partner 2 world leader in speciality chemicals know-how in syngas production and purification and chemicals synthesis (very broad portfolio) 25
Way Forward Partner 1 Pre-feasibility study (3-6 months) Go/No- Go decision point LIFE call Go/No- Go decision point Basic Design Partner 2 Looking for new project co-financiers/partners Agreements with regional government of Lombardia and city halls Continuously updating on state-of-the-art 26
Case study Description Units q.ty MSW yearly production Kg per capita 536 (1) Saronno (VA) citizens 39 422 Cost for incineration /ton 110 Total yearly amount of MSW ton/y 21 130 Daily disposal of MSW tpd 63.4 Income for raw material MM /y 2.3 DME daily production bpd 62 Income for diesel saved MM /y 4.1 Cost of the plant MM 52 Simplified payout time y 8.1 (1) Rapporto Rifiuti Urbani 2013, ISPRA 27
Case study 4 m Installed height 13 m 100 tpd of MSW 5 000 Nm 3 /h of syngas 4.5 / 3 MW (gross/net) 62 bpd of liquid fuel 9858 lt/day 2 m 28
Q&A Thank you Nettuno Francesco