ICAC MARAMA Portable Emission Analyzers Drew Wilson ECOM America www.ecomusa.com May 19, 2011
Portable Analyzers A quick history Originally developed for combustion efficiency applications. Measured O2, CO, & Temperature with CO2, Efficiency and Excess air calculations. As technology of Electrochemical Sensors advanced, NOx (NO + NO2), SO2, Hydrocarbon sensors were designed into portable analyzers, furthering their capability.
Portable Analyzers A quick history Portable Analyzers have been widely used for setting up AFR s on industrial engines and boilers. In fact most of today s electronic combustion control systems require fine tuning of air / fuel ratio with the aid of an analyzer.
Basic Analyzer Configuration Probe Moisture Trap Particulate Pump Filter O2 N O SO2 NO2 CO
Analyzer Features Electrochemical Sensors Active Sample Conditioning Internal Vacuum Pump Sturdy Sample Line & Probe Filters for Particulates & Water LCD Display, Printer, Memory Data Collection Software
Electrochemical Sensors designed specifically for emissions applications. Micro Fuel Cells with 2,3, or 4 electrodes. Small capillary allows gas to diffuse into the sensor at controlled rate. Chemical reaction occurs - Oxidation or Reduction. Current generated and measured through external circuit.
Active Sample Conditioning Sample Conditioning Process of changing the hot, wet, & dirty exhaust gas into a cool, dry, & clean gas sample. Components include non reactive probe material, heated sample line, electronically chilled gas dryer, condensate trap and pump, particulate filters, and pump. Electrochemical sensors require cool, dry gas delivered at proper flow and pressure. Proper sample conditioning means longer sensor life, better accuracy, and repeatability.
Gas Cooler & Moisture Removal
Sample Conditioning Heated Sample Line Electronic Gas Cooler
Internal Vacuum Pumps Primary Pump (2.5 3.0 LPM) Purge / Bypass Pump
Industries Using Portable Emission Analyzers Boiler & Burner Service Companies Natural Gas & Diesel Engine Services Oil & Gas Refineries & Pipelines Chemical Processing Manufacturing (Steam Boilers) Power Generation Hospitals, Universities and Cement Plants
How Emissions are Formed Fuel (HC) + Air (O2 + N2) + Ignition = Energy (heat) + Waste As N 2, O 2, H 2, C and other components are oxidized (burned), different chemical compounds are formed: CO, CO 2, NO, NO 2, (NOx), SO 2, O 2, & HC
Protocol Development Protocol a detailed plan for a scientific procedure. The common theme of these different efforts was a procedure for: Determination of Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxide, and Oxygen Emissions from Natural Gas Fired Engines, Boilers, & Process Heaters using Portable Analyzers. CTM-030 (Gas Research Institute), CTM-034 (ICAC), and ASTM D6522-00.
Periodic Monitoring Requirements Many states have published protocols or specify procedures to be used in individual permits. State & Regional Protocols base periodic monitoring requirements on EPA CTM-030 & 034 Protocols developed for measuring O2, CO, and NOX with a portable analyzer. These protocols define mandatory Analyzer Features, QA/QC Performance criteria, Measurement times, Data Collection, & Calculations.
QA / QC Procedures Calibration Gas Specifications Performance tolerances & procedures Pre-Test Calibration Post-Test Verification Analyzer / Sensor Repeatability Cross Interference Check
Gas Measurement Measurement times & frequency can vary depending on the operating permit. Common requirements: 3-20 minute tests (Purge between tests?) 1-60 minute test 3-15 minute cycles (5min Ramp, 2 min Meas., 8 min Refresh)
Data Collection All QA / QC procedures, (pre & post test calibrations, stability, & interference), Gas Measurements, and emission source information may be recorded manually or electronically. Protocols will define reporting requirements and many include generic report forms.
Calculations Operating permits will define the emission limits and unit of measure, (i.e ppm, gram/bhp, lbs./hour, tons/year, etc.) EPA Reference Method 19 is used to determine mass emission rates.
ECOM Advanced DAS Data Acquisition Software
ECOM DAS Real Time Display of all measured parameters 8 channel strip-chart user customized EPA Protocol and Report Generation Mass Emission Calculations for PPM, Grams/Bhp, Pounds/MMBtu, Pounds/Hour, Tons/Year. Simple to Use
ECOM J2KN Up to 6 gas sensors O2, CO, NOx, SO2 & Hydrocarbons Wireless Remote Display Thermoelectric Gas Cooler High Flow Pump (3+ lpm) Integral Printer Auto-Drain Water Trap Flowmeter 6-8 hour battery life On board Data Storage