Small Modular Reactors Caroline Schlaseman Facilitator MPR Associates Inc.
HI-SMUR 140: A Safe, Secure, Economic Small Modular Reactor Joy Russell Director, Corporate Business Development Holtec International
HI-SMUR at a Glance a generation ahead by design HI SMUR Holtec Inherently Safe Modular Underground Reactor Pressurizer HI-SMUR 140 145 MWe Reactor Well SMR, LLC Developer of HI-SMUR A subsidiary of Holtec International Reactor Vessel Cut-Away View of HI-SMUR. This presentation material s ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties. 2
Holtec International Overview a generation ahead by design 100% U.S. owned company America s largest exporter of capital nuclear equipment; all manufacturing carried out in the United States Customers on four continents: North America; South America; Europe; Asia Over 80% of U.S. nuclear plants have Holtec-engineered systems in use World leader in wet and dry storage of nuclear fuel Corporate Technology Center located in Marlton, New Jersey, U.S.A. Excellent credit rating, no long-term debt. This presentation material s ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties. 3
Holtec International / SMR, LLC as SMR Developer Significant experience and capabilities essential to nuclear plant design a generation ahead by design Vertical Integration Holtec s nuclear mission and vision are met by maintaining i i in-house: > Design > Engineering > Fabrication > Critical Material Supply > Site Installation > Construction This allows for: > Integrated solutions for customers > Control over quality, delivery, and costs > Coupling of design and fabrication Steam Generator Leaving Holtec Manufacturing Facility. This presentation material s ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties. 4
HI-SMUR Design Drivers a generation ahead by design. This presentation material s ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties. 5
Design Driver Highlights: Safe a generation ahead by design No reliance on off-site power or on-site power for safe reactor shutdown No emergency diesel generators are required Robust core design The reactor coolant is demineralized water Integrally connected reactor and steam generator Gravity-driven circulation of the reactor coolant No Penetrations in the Lower 120ft of Reactor Vessel to preclude LOCA Assurance of a large inventory of water around and over the reactor core. This presentation material s ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties. 6
Design Driver Highlights: Safe Passive Emergency Core Cooling System a generation ahead by design Air Out Containment Building Natural Convection Cooling Air Cooled Bundle (only half bundle shown) Primary Coolant In Auxiliary Steam Generator Submersed Bundle Passive Air Cooled Condenser Natural Draft Heat Exchanger Primary Coolant Out Steam Generator Air Intake Air Intake Skirt. This presentation material s ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties. 7
Design Driver Highlights: Safe Natural Circulation of Reactor Coolant a generation ahead by design Reactor Vessel HI-SMUR does not rely on any active components (Reactor Coolant pump) for circulating the reactor coolant through the reactor vessel or the steam generators. Core Barrel Downcomer Flow Reactor Core. This presentation material s ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties. 8
Design Driver Highlights: Safe Integrally Connected Reactor and Steam Generator a generation ahead by design HP Steam Generator Steam Generators are Integrally Connected to Reactor Vessel No interconnecting gpp piping LP Steam Generator LP Super heater. This presentation material s ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties. 9
Design Driver Highlights: Secure a generation ahead by design Underground location of safety systems Maximum protection from external natural events Maximum protection from malevolent human intervention Vital nuclear assets protected against impact from missiles Minimum occupational and off-site dose consequences All vital equipment and systems are protected by missile shield providing an additional defensein- depth against terror. The fuel discharged by the reactor is stored in an underground water pool for three to four years. Subsequently, the fuel is loaded into dry storage canisters and placed in underground vertical ventilated modules (a Holtec patented technology licensed by the NRC) Underground Dry Storage Loading. This presentation material s ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties. 10
Design Driver Highlights: Secure Underground location of safety systems a generation ahead by design TRANSFER POOL (Flooded to facilitate core transfer during reloading.) ) ELEV. +30 REACTOR VESSEL HEAD ELEV. 0 AT GRADE USED FUEL POOL ELEV.-66 USED FUEL CARTRIDGES REACTOR VESSEL ELEV. -140. This presentation material s ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties. 11
Design Driver Highlights: Economic Build Modularity Practical design that can be built Plant build life cycle is projected to be 2 years. Operate Few systems The optional use air cooling (in lieu of water) in water-parched areas available. a generation ahead by design Maintain All critical components readily accessible The reactor coolant is demineralized water Rapid refueling Overall View of HI-SMUR. This presentation material s ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties. 12
Design Driver Highlights: Economic Rapid Refueling a generation ahead by design Core Cartridge Designed to be installed and removed from the core as a unitary structure Operating cycle is 3 years Standard PWR fuel assembly Control Rod Assemblies Upper Cartridge Support Grid Fuel Lower Cartridge Support Grid Core Cartridge. This presentation material s ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties. 13
HI-SMUR Design Drivers a generation ahead by design. This presentation material s ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties. 14
a generation ahead by design Pierre Oneid, President Email: p.oneid@holtec.com. This presentation material s ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties. 15
NuScale Power Changing the Face of Energy
Ross Snuggerud Sr. Operating Engineer NuScale Power, Inc. 2011
The Perspective Today Small Modular Reactors represent the innovation that is the competitive edge for this country. Nicole Y. Lamb Hale Assistant Secretary for Manufacturing & Services U.S. Department of Commerce Platts Nuclear Conference 16 February 2011 3
NuScale Changed the Game NuScale was the first to offer the market a commercially viable modular, scalable light water design Modular factory manufacturing of major components and systems lowers costs, improves quality, shortens construction Scalable incremental addition of nuclear generating capacity produces cash flow sooner, places plant in rate base earlier Commercially viable light water technology provides clear path to licensing Time Magazine SMRs a Top 20 Green Tech Idea, December 2010 Greentech Media named Modular Nuclear Power as Number 1 on its list of Top Ten High Concepts for 2009 4
NuScale Power History Oregon State University builds ¼ scale test facility to support Certification of the AP600 and AP1000 without requiring a prototype (1990s) NuScale design (MASLWR) and test facility originally developed under DOE funded program with cosponsors in 2000-2003 OSU refined and developed the design with proprietary improvements (2004-2007) NuScale Power Inc. formed in June 2007. Techtransfer agreement with OSU provides exclusive use of the Integral System Test facility and patents. t 2008 2010 Establish Executive Team and staff of world-class engineers Gain commitment from US NRC to support licensing Secure support from US Congress and US DOE 5
NuScale: Prefabricated, Simple, Safe NSSS is Factory Built Entire NSSS prefabricated and shipped by rail, truck or barge Natural Circulation Cooling Inherently safe Eliminates major accident scenarios Improves economics - Eliminates pumps, pipes, valves Large natural heat sink Simplifies and enhances safety case Proven Technology Below Ground Enhances security and safety PRVs STEAM H H H Turbine Bypass M H FEEDWATER H Reactor Recirc Valves FW PUMPS TURBINE CONDENSER COOLERS Condensate Polishers OFF-THE- SHELF 6
Modularity permits scaling to any size 12 modules, 45 MWe each produces 540 MWe The Reactor Building is designed to withstand earthquakes, floods, tornados, hurricane force winds, and aircraft impacts. 7
Each Module is Independent Generator Steam Turbine Condenser Water Filled Pool Below Ground Containment NSSS J. Nylander and M. Cohen 8
9 NuScale Main Control Room Phase 2 Simulator
10 Site Perspective
Changing the Face of Energy
NuScale: Changing the Face of Energy Economies of Small Eliminate complex, expensive systems less to build, operate, maintain Factorymanufacturing and shorter construction time means greatercapital certainty Inherent Safety Natural circulation for passive always on on cooling Not subject to large LWR scenarios large break LOCA, SBO Siting Flexibility Smaller footprint. Seismically robust. Reduced water requirements. Multiple methods for cooling. True Scalability Up to 12 modules producing 540 Mwe Multiple applications: commercial power, desalination, district heating. 12
Everything Changed Except Business Risk Old Nuclear Every yplant is different Separate licenses for Construction and Operation New Nuclear NRC Design Certification standardizes plant designs for 20 years Combined Construction & Operating License issued before construction begins Capacity factors ~ 70% Capacity factors routinely exceed 90% Active safety systems require emergency power to operate All plants > 1000 MWe requiring large financial commitment Passive safety systems rely on natural circulation All plants > 1000 MWe requiring large financial commitment 13
NuScale: The Economies of Small DESIGN SIMPLICITY & SCALABILITY FACTORY FABRICATION MODULAR CONSTRUCTION INNOVATIVE OPERATIONS Reductions in: ECONOMIC IMPACTS Component Costs Construction Time Overnight Capital Costs Total Project and $/kw Finance a cecosts Operations & Maintenance Competitive Lifecycle Costs http://www.nuscalepower.com 14
Simplicity = Greater Safety, Lower Costs and Risks Proven technology Fewer systems and components than traditional plants Less to Develop Less to Design Less to License Less to Build Less to Operate Less to Maintain 15
SAFETY & LICENSABILITY
Inherently Safe Reactor Modules Natural Convection for Cooling Inherently safe natural circulation of water over the fuel driven by ygravity No pumps, no need for emergency generators Seismically Robust System is submerged in a pool of water below ground in an earthquake resistant building Reactor pool attenuates ground motion and dissipates energy Simple and Small Reactor is 1/20 th the size of large reactors Integrated reactor design, no large-break loss-of-coolant accidents Defense-in-Depth Multiple additional barriers to protect against the release of radiation to the environment 45 MWe Reactor Module High-strength stainless steel containment 10 times stronger than typical PWR Water volume to thermal power ratio is 4 times larger resulting in better cooling Reactor core has only 5% of the fuel of a large reactor 17
Large Pool of Water Holds Reactor Modules NuScale nuclear power reactors are housed inside high strength steel containment vessels and submerged in 4 million gallons of water below ground level inside the Reactor Building. 12 module, 540 MWe NuScale Plant The Reactor Building is designed to withstand earthquakes, floods, tornados, hurricane force winds, and aircraft impacts. Reactor and containment are submerged in underground steel-lined concrete pool with 30-day supply of cooling water. Any hydrogen released is trapped in containment vessel with little to no oxygen available to create a combustible mixture. 18
Added Barriers Between Fuel and Environment Conventional Designs 1. Fuel Pellet and Cladding 7 2. Reactor Vessel 3. Containment 6 NuScale s Additional Barriers 4. Water in Reactor Pool (4 million gallons) 5. Stainless Steel Lined Concrete Reactor Pool 6. Biological Shield Covers Each Reactor 5 4 Ground level 3 2 1 7. Reactor Building 19
Stable Long Term Cooling Reactor and nuclear fuel cooled indefinitely without pumps or power WATER COOLING BOILING AIR COOLING 20
Spent Fuel Pool Safety Increased Cooling Capacity More water volume for cooling per fuel assembly than current designs Low Density Spent Fuel Racks permit air cooling in the event of loss of coolant Redundant, cross-connected reactor and refueling pool heat exchangers provide full back-up cooling to spent fuel pool. Stainless steel refueling pool liners are independent from concrete structure to retain integrity External Coolant Supply Connections Auxiliary external water supply connections are easily accessible to plant personnel and away from potential high radiation zones (current problem in Japan) Below Ground, Robust Deep-Earth Structure. Below ground spent fuel pool is housed in a seismically robust reactor building Pool wall located underground is shielded from tsunami wave impact and damage Construction of structure below ground in engineered soil limits the potential for any leakage 21
Bruce T. Landrey Chief Marketing Officer 6650 SW Redwood Lane Suite 210 Portland, OR 97224 503 715 2230 http://www.nuscalepower.com
Nuclear Technology Innovation: Assessing the SMR Option Andrea Sterdis, TVA Senior Manager Strategic Nuclear Expansion
Customer Base and Generating Facilities 155 power distributors 56 direct served customers Over 9 million people in an 80,000 sq mile service area Fossil Plants Combustion Turbines Nuclear Plants Hydroelectric Pumped- Green Dams Storage Power 2
TVA Renewed e ed Vision One of the Nation s Leading providers of low-cost and cleaner energy by 2020 Low Rates Cleaner Air High Reliability More Nuclear Generation Responsibility Greater Energy Efficiency 3
Nuclear is Key To TVA Vision of Cleaner Affordable Energy New generation Deliver more new nuclear generation this decade than any other utility in the country. Technology Evaluate the viability of the SMRs as a unique nuclear option. 4
Our Approach Today Under Construction Engineering Phase Study Phase Watts Bar 2 Bellefonte 1 * Future Nuclear * Expected in Service 2013 2018-2020 After 2020 Megawatts 1180 MWe 1260 MWe TBD *pending approval 5
The Benefits of Nuclear Beyond Si l E i Reliable Simple Economics Competitive Stable Electric Price ~60% of Total Cost Fixed Long-Term Costs Attractive Economic Development Creates Local and Regional Jobs Thousands of Project Jobs During Construction and Hundreds During Operation Clean Air Value Zero Air Emissions Protection Against CO2 Risk Energy Supply High Capacity Factors Low fuel transportation Risk Supports a Diverse Portfolio 6
Value in Developing SMR Option Increasing siting options Managing investment risk Re-establish US supply chain Engineering and manufacturing jobs Widespread opportunities including small and medium-sized utilities Potential for technology export to other countries Light water SMRs offer a unique option 7
SMR Viability Critical Questions Technology Capital Costs O&M Costs Schedule Certainty Twin Pack 250-300 Mwe Configuration Modularization Reality Licensing Certainty Siting Flexibility 3 Twin Pack Configuration Risk Management 8
SMRs--What Technology? mpower TM Design Integral 125-150 MWe reactor Underground plant configuration Scalable modular plant Proven advanced LWR technology Simple, fully passive safety design Industry standard PWR fuel Underground spent fuel storage 4-5 year fuel cycle Fits TVA s technology innovation mission 9
Capital Costs Economic Viability Detailed Cost Reviews Design Finalization Modularization Schedule O&M Costs Owner/Operator Inputs/Assumption Reviews SMR Fleet Concepts (Regional Centers) Partnership Opportunities DOE Cost Sharing Owner Partnerships with G&Ts/Cooperatives Outside the box thinking will be critical to proving viability 10
Key Challenges Driving SMR Licensing Certainty Licensing Certainty First of Class Deployment Standardization Risk-informed i focus Unique design aspects Siting flexibility Key Issues Annual Licensing Fees Security Staffing 11
TVA Chooses 10 CFR Part 50 for First-of-a-Kind (FOAK) Project Licensing i Current positive experience and project expertise with Part 50 licensing i process Less cost and potentially less time to get to point where you can construct CP issuance Modifications during construction easier to accommodate useful for first-of-a-kind Testing and verification of design established later versus defining completely upfront Regulator has opportunity to evaluate as-built plant prior to operating license issuance. 10CFR52 still appropriate and preferred for standardized deployment after FOAK 12
Construction Permit Project Activities Establishing Construction Permit project infrastructure Schedule Procedures/Processes Organization Integration with Generation mpower Licensing NRC Interactions underway Focus on key regulatory issues Regulatory Framework under development Current activities focus on confirming licensing certainty 13
Site Characterization Activities Previous site evaluation data Ecological surveys Cultural surveys Meteorological data collection Subsurface investigation Site layout plan Surface water level calculations Site infrastructure Construction Permit Site Characterization Critical to Confirming Siting Flexibility 14
Conclusion Nuclear can safely remain an essential part of a national energy policy in order to achieve clean air goals SMRs build upon the general benefits of nuclear and offer additional potential benefits Total cost per unit, price certainty, and shorter cash flow durations will benefit financing of new SMRs Licensing certainty is critical for SMR deployment Finding creative ways to partner and learn from a Regional or National SMR market model will allow for maximum benefits 15
Small Reactors: A Washington Perspective Leslie Barbour Nuclear Energy Institute
Small Reactors Advance U.S. Policy Messages for Congress Improve energy security Advance clean energy future Create jobs Re-vitalize manufacturing Capture international clean energy market
High Level of Interest
Administration Support DOE s 2011 Budget Request; and Dr. Chu s editorial in the Wall Street Journal, March 2010 DOE s FY 2012 Budget request $67 M for SMR Licensing Support $125 M for Reactor Concepts R&D (includes $28.7 M for SMR R&D) $49.6 M for NGNP NRC establishes Office of New Reactors/Advanced Reactor Program for small and non-lwr reactors; SECY-10-0034
Congressional Support Bipartisan support for SMR legislation 111 th Congress --- four bills introduced in the Senate (three House companion bills) and one in the House FY 11 CR House approves SMR new start 112 th Congress --- one in the House, two Senate FY 12 House approves $67 million for cost-share program for LWRs
Challenges Budget Cuts Applied Energy Programs Time to Market Regulatory Issues Market Barriers - Export Issues
Questions? Contact Information: Leslie Barbour Nuclear Energy Institute t lpb@nei.org